3. The doctor notices that Janet has long fingernails, and comments that fingernails grow at a rate (or
speed) of 2.50 cm / year. Convert this speed to kilometers / second. Show your work. (6 pts)

The result of the computation when you follow the steps is 1.699.

A logarithm is a mathematical function that represents the exponent or power to which a specific base must be raised to obtain a given number. In simpler terms, it answers the question: "To what power must we raise a base number to obtain a certain value?"

What you should do is that on your calculator, you could press the logarithm key and then put in the value that has been shown and then the result would be displayed on your calculator.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

it is no longer going to unripen/ went through a chemical reaction                                                                                

The arbitrary assignment of the reduction of Zn2+(aq) to Zn(s) as E = 0 V serves as a reference point for determining the relative reduction potentials of other redox reactions. This assignment is based on the convention that the standard reduction potential

In the case of the Zn2+(aq) to Zn(s) reduction, the reaction involves the gain of two electrons by Zn2+ ions, leading to the formation of solid zinc metal. The assigned reduction potential of 0 V indicates that, under standard conditions (1 M concentration, 25°C, and 1 atm pressure), the Zn2+ ions have a tendency to accept electrons and be reduced to Zn metal.

Any reduction potential above 0 V suggests a greater tendency for reduction, while a negative reduction potential indicates a lower tendency for reduction compared to the Zn2+(aq) to Zn(s) reaction.

This reference potential allows us to compare the reactivity of other redox systems and predict the feasibility of different reactions. The more positive the reduction potential, the greater the tendency for reduction to occur. Therefore, if we encounter a reduction potential of +0.34 V for another reaction, we can infer that it is more likely to occur spontaneously compared to the Zn2+(aq) to Zn(s) reduction. Conversely, if we encounter a reduction potential of -0.50 V, we can conclude that the reverse reaction (oxidation) is more favorable than the reduction of Zn2+(aq) to Zn(s).

Overall, the assignment of E = 0 V for the reduction of Zn2+(aq) to Zn(s) provides a benchmark for understanding the electrochemical behavior of other redox reactions and allows us to make predictions based on the relative reduction potentials.

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Answer:

Pb + 2H2O --> PbO2 + 2H2

Explanation:

Products:

Solid metal; PbO2

Hydrogen; H

Reactants:

Metal; Pb

Steam; H2O

Reactants --> Products

Pb + H2O --> PbO2 + H2

Upon balancing we have;

Pb + 2H2O --> PbO2 + 2H2

a).017 moles of copper will react with 4 x 0.017 = 0.068 moles of HNO3.

B)  As excess HNO3 is 0.019mol, so for this reaction 0.019 mol/2 =  0.0095 mol of Na2CO3 will be required.

Due to its ductility and excellent conductivity, copper is primarily used in electrical generators, home and auto wiring, and the wires in electronics like radios, TVs, computers, lights, and motors.

Mass of copper = 1.07 g

Molar mass of copper = 63.55 g / mol

Moles of copper = mass/ molar mass = 1.07g/ 63.55g/mol = 0.017 mol

Vol of HNO3 = 5.5 ml

Concentration of HNO3  = 15.8 M

Moles of HNO3 = vol x concentration = (5.5/1000)L x 15.8 mol/L = 0.087 mol

(Since concentration is given in moles/L the volume also needs to be converted to liters. 5.5ml =  5.5/1000 L)

Based on the balanced chemical equation, 4 moles of HNO3 will react with 1 mole of copper to give 1 mole of copper nitrate.

So 0.017 moles of copper will react with 4 x 0.017 = 0.068 moles of HNO3.

Excess moles of HNO3 = moles of HNO3 added - moles of HNO3 reacted = 0.087mol- 0.068mol = 0.019 mol

On addition of Na2CO3 following reactions will occur

2) 2HNO3 + Na2CO3 ----------> 2NaNO3 + CO2 + H2O

This is the reaction that will take place between sodium carbonate and excess nitric acid. 2 moles of HNO3 will react with 1 mole of Na2CO3. As excess HNO3 is 0.019mol, so for this reaction 0.019 mol/2 =  0.0095 mol of Na2CO3 will be required.

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Answer:

A and B.

Explanation:

Climate:

High temperatures and greater rainfall increase the rate of chemical weathering. Lower temperatures can break rocks to by freezing water inside of a rock cracks. When it freezes it expands the water and forces the crack of the rock to expand.

Rock Type:

Certain types of rock are very resistant to weathering. Igneous rocks, especially intrusive igneous rocks such as granite, weather slowly because it is hard for water to penetrate them. Other types of rock, such as limestone, are easily weathered because they dissolve in weak acids.

There is no reason to run these solutes at the 20 MWCO because they are both much smaller than the MWCO of the membrane.

The MWCO (molecular weight cut off) is the molecular weight of a solute at which it will be retained by a membrane during a process such as ultrafiltration or dialysis. If a solute has a molecular weight higher than the MWCO of a membrane, it will be retained and not pass through the membrane. If the molecular weight of a solute is lower than the MWCO, it will pass through the membrane.

In this case, glucose has a molecular weight of 180 g/mol (6 carbons x 12 g/mol per carbon + 6 oxygens x 16 g/mol per oxygen) and albumin has a molecular weight of approximately 81,942 g/mol (607 amino acids x 135 g/mol per amino acid). Both of these solutes have molecular weights that are much lower than 20,000 g/mol, which is a typical MWCO for ultrafiltration or dialysis membranes.

They would both easily pass through the membrane and be lost during the process. Instead, a membrane with a much lower MWCO would be needed if we wanted to retain these solutes during a process such as ultrafiltration or dialysis.

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Answer:

Ka = 6.87x10⁻⁵

Explanation:

The equilibrium of benzoic acid in water is:

C₆H₅COOH(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ C₆H₅COO⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)

The equilibrium constant, Ka, is:

Ka = [C₆H₅COO⁻] [H₃O⁺] / [C₆H₅COOH]

The initial concentration of benzoic acid is 0.425M. In equilibrium its concentration is 0.425M - X and [C₆H₅COO⁻] [H₃O⁺] = X.

X is the reaction coordinate. How many acid produce C₆H₅COO⁻ and H₃O⁺ until reach equilibrium.

Concentrations in equilibrium are:

pH is defined as -log [H₃O⁺]. As pH = 2.270

2.270 = -log [H₃O⁺]

10^-2.270 = [H₃O⁺]

5.37x10⁻³M = [H₃O⁺] = X.

Replacing, concentrations in equilibrium are:

[C₆H₅COOH] = 0.425M - 5.37x10⁻³M = 0.4196M

[C₆H₅COO⁻] = 5.37x10⁻³M

[H₃O⁺] = 5.37x10⁻³M

Ka = [5.37x10⁻³M] [5.37x10⁻³M] / [0.4196M]

Answer:

COLUMN A COLUMN B

A giant interstellar gas cloud C. Nebulae

where solar system originated

An encounter between sun and a passing B. Encounter hypothesis

forms planetary bodies

The theory suggests that planets and moons A. Protoplanet

were formed from great cloud of gas and

dust that shrank into more compact masses

It states that the planetary materials were B. Encounter hypothesis

originated from stellar surface by a tidal force

the gravitationally bound system of the E. Solar system

Sun and the objects that orbit it

Answer:

The value is \(Z = 311.33 \ g/mol\)

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

The mass of saxitoxin is \(m = 12.5 mg = 12.5 * 10^{-6} g\)

The volume of water is \(V = 3.10 mL = 3.10 *10^{-3} L\)

The osmotic pressure is \(P = 0.236 = \frac{0.236}{760} = 3.105 * 10^{-4} atm\)

The temperature is \(T = 19^oC = 19 + 273 = 292 \ K\)

Generally the osmotic pressure is mathematically represented as

\(P = C * T * R\)

Here R is the gas constant with value

\(R = 0.0821 ( L .atm /mol. K)\)

and C is the concentration of saxitoxin

So

\(3.105 * 10^{-4} = C * 0.0821 * 292 \)

\( C = 1.295 *10^{-5} mol/L \)

Generally the number of moles of saxitoxin is mathematically represented as

\(n = C * V\)

=> \(n = 1.295 *10^{-5} *3.10 *10^{-3}\)

=> \(n = 4.015 *10^{-8} \ mol\)

Generally the molar mass of saxitoxin is mathematically represented as

\(Z = \frac{m}{n}\)

=> \(Z = \frac{12.5 * 10^{-6}}{ 4.015 *10^{-8}}\)

=> \(Z = 311.33 \ g/mol\)

Answer:

0.1714 (w/w) %

Explanation:

Using the equation:

16H+(aq) + 2Cr2O72−(aq) + C2H5OH(aq) → 4Cr3+(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 11H2O(l)

2 moles of dichromate ion (Cr₂O₇²⁻) are used to titrate 1 mole of alcohol (C₂H₅OH)

35.46mL = 0.03546L of a 0.05961M Cr₂O₇²⁻ solution used to reach the equivalence point in the titration contains:

0.03546L ₓ (0.05961 moles Cr₂O₇²⁻ / L) = 2.114x10⁻³ moles Cr₂O₇²⁻

As 2 moles of dichromate reacts per mole of alcohol, moles of alcohol in the sample of plasma are:

2.114x10⁻³ moles Cr₂O₇²⁻ ₓ ( 1 mole C₂H₅OH / 2 moles Cr₂O₇²⁻) = 1.0569x10⁻³ moles of C₂H₅OH

As molar mass of alcohol is 46.07g/mol, mass of alcohol is:

1.0569x10⁻³ moles of C₂H₅OH ₓ (46.07g / mol) = 0.04869g of C₂H₅OH

Thus, mass percent of alcohol in the blood using the 28.40g of plasma is:

(0.04869g of C₂H₅OH / 28.40g) × 100 = 0.1714 (w/w) %

The mass percent of ethanol in the plasma has been 0.171%.

The titration has been the neutralization reaction, that converts the acid and base and results in the formation of the salt and water.

From the balanced equation, there has been the requirement of 2 moles of chromate for the neutralization of 1 mole of alcohol.

The moles of chromate in 0.05961 M has been:

Molarity = \(\rm \dfrac{Moles}{Volume}\)

Moles = Molarity × Volume

The moles of chromate has been:

Moles of chromate = 0.05961 mol × 0.03546 L

Moles of chromate = 0.002113 mol.

From the balanced equation:

2 moles chromate neutralizes = 1 mole of ethanol

0.002113 moles of chromate neutralizes = 0.00105 mol of Ethanol.

The mass of 0.00105 mol ethanol has been:

Mass = Moles × Molecular weight

Mass of 0.00105 mol of ethanol = 0.00105 mol × 46.07 g/mol

Mass of 0.00105 mol of ethanol = 0.0486 grams.

The total mass of plasma has been 28.40 grams.

The mass percent of ethanol in 28.40 grams plasma has been:

The mass percent of ethanol =  \(\rm \dfrac{0.0486}{28.40}\) × 100

The mass percent of ethanol has been 0.171%.

The mass percent of ethanol in the plasma has been 0.171%.

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The sample containing 7.1 × 10^19 molecules of H2O corresponds to approximately 1.18 × 10^(-4) moles of H2O.

To determine the number of moles of H2O in a sample containing 7.1 × 10^19 molecules, we need to use Avogadro's number, which states that 1 mole of any substance contains 6.022 × 10^23 molecules.

Given that there are 7.1 × 10^19 molecules of H2O in the sample, we can calculate the number of moles using the following formula:

Moles = Number of molecules / Avogadro's number

Moles = 7.1 × 10^19 / 6.022 × 10^23

Moles ≈ 1.18 × 10^(-4) moles

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0.01 g/ml of acetic anhydride is needed to make 0.5 g of aspirin.

Acetic anhydride is a colorless liquid organic compound with a strong, pungent odor. It is a reagent widely used in organic synthesis, primarily for the production of acetate esters and for the acetylation of various substances, including cellulose, benzene, and other aromatic compounds. It has the chemical formula \(C_4H_6O_3\) and its molecular weight is\(102.09 g/mol.\)

It is a highly reactive and flammable chemical and should be handled with caution in a well-ventilated area. It is commonly used as a laboratory reagent but also has a variety of industrial applications, including the production of paints, adhesives, and in the manufacture of aspirin.

To make 0.5 g of aspirin,  the balanced chemical equation has to be known for the reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride to form aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and acetic acid. The equation is as follows:

\(C_7H_6O_3 + (CH_3COO)2O\) -> \(C_9H_8O_4 + CH_3COOH\)

1 mole of salicylic acid reacts with 1 mole of acetic anhydride to form 1 mole of aspirin and 1 mole of acetic acid. The molecular weight of salicylic acid is \(138.12 g/mol\) and the molecular weight of acetic anhydride is \(102.09 g/mol\)

First, determine the number of moles of salicylic acid required to make 0.5 g of aspirin:

\(0.5 g\) ÷\((138.12 g/mol)\) = 0.0036 moles

Since the ratio of acetic anhydride to salicylic acid is 3:1, 3 times more acetic anhydride is needed than salicylic acid:

\(0.0036 moles * 3 = 0.0108 moles\)

To determine the volume of acetic anhydride required, convert the number of moles to the volume using the density:

\(0.0108 moles\) ÷ \((1.08 g/ml) = 0.01 moles * 0.0093 ml = 0.01 g/ml\)

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You would recover 36.525g of NaCl after evaporating all of the water.

To find the grams of NaCl that would be recovered after evaporating all the water, we can use the following formula:

mass = moles * molar mass

Where:

Moles = Molarity * Volume

Molarity = 0.250 M

Volume = 2500.0 mL = 2.5 L

Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol

mass = 0.250 M * 2.5 L * 58.44 g/mol

mass = 36.525 g

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C₃H₈ has an empirical formula mass of 44 g/mol. Hence, C₃H₈ is also the molecular formula.

When twο οr mοre distinct elements are chemically mixed in a specific ratiο, the resultant substance is knοwn as a cοmpοund.  Chemical bοnds, such as cοvalent bοnds, iοnic bοnds, οr metallic bοnds, hοld the cοnstituent parts οf a cοmpοund tοgether.

We must first cοmpute the mοles οf each element present in the cοmpοund in οrder tο derive its empirical fοrmula.

We can figure οut hοw many mοles οf carbοn and hydrοgen there are in 100 g οf the chemical by dοing the fοllοwing calculatiοn:

81.71 g / 12.011 g/mol = 6.80 moles of carbon

18.29 g / 1.008 g/mol of hydrogen = 18.15 moles.

The simplest whole number ratio of carbon to hydrogen atoms must next be determined. In order to do this, we divide both values by the lesser amount, in this case 6.80 moles:

Carbon: 6.80 moles / 6.80 moles = 1.00 Hydrogen: 18.15 moles / 6.80 moles = 2.67

To get whole numbers, we must multiply both values by a factor. By multiplying each by 3, the smallest whole number ratio is obtained:

1.00 x 3 = 3 carbon

2.67 x 3 = 8.01 x 8 for hydrogen.

As a result, the compound's empirical formula is C₃H₈.

Knowing the compound's molecular weight is necessary to determine its molecular formula. The compound's MWt (molecular weight) is 44, as stated.

C₃H₈ has an empirical formula mass of 44 g/mol. Hence, C₃H₈ is also the molecular formula.

Any molecule with the empirical formula C₃H₈, like propane, might be the structural formula of the chemical (CH₃CH₂CH₃).

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The rate constant : k = 9.2 x 10⁻³ s⁻¹

The half life : t1/2 = 75.3 s

Given

Reaction 45% complete in 65 s

Required

The rate constant and the half life

Solution

For first order ln[A]=−kt+ln[A]o

45% complete, 55% remains

A = 0.55

Ao = 1

Input the value :

ln A = -kt + ln Ao

ln 0.55 = -k.65 + ln 1

-0.598=-k.65

k = 9.2 x 10⁻³ s⁻¹

The half life :

t1/2 = (ln 2) / k

t1/2 = 0.693 : 9.2 x 10⁻³

t1/2 = 75.3 s

We can produce more products by;

A. Increasing the concentration of H₂ gas in the reaction vessel

B. Decreasing the temperature in the reaction vessel

C. Removing the H₂O from the reaction vessel as it forms

Water is created through an exothermic process. Heat energy is released when hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2) mix to make water (H2O). An exothermic reaction is characterized by this energy release.

The reaction's overall energy change is negative, which shows that energy is released. The reaction is exothermic because the extra energy is released as heat into the environment.

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Missing parts;

Water can be made using the reversible reaction shown. Which change would

keep this reaction from shifting to form more of the product?

2H₂+022H₂O + energy

A. Increasing the concentration of H₂ gas in the reaction vessel

B. Decreasing the temperature in the reaction vessel

C. Removing the H₂O from the reaction vessel as it forms

D. Increasing the temperature in the reaction vessel

Answer:

23.28 g of O2.

Explanation:

We'll begin by calculating the mass of hexane. This can obtain as follow:

Volume of hexane = 10 mL

Density of hexane = 0.66 g/mL

Mass of hexane =?

Density = mass /volume

0.66 = mass of hexane /10

Cross multiply

Mass of hexane = 0.66 x 10

Mass of hexane = 6.6 g

Next, we shall write the balanced equation for the reaction. This is given below:

2C6H14 + 19O2 —> 12CO2 + 14H2O

Next, we shall determine the masses of C6H14 and O2 that reacted from the balanced equation. This can be obtained as follow:

Molar mass of C6H14 = (12.01x6) + (1.008 x 14)

= 72.06 + 14.112

= 86.172 g/mol

Mass of C6H14 from the balanced equation = 2 x 86.172 = 172.344 g

Molar mass of O2 = 16x2 = 32 g/mol

Mass of O2 from the balanced equation = 19 x 32 = 608 g

From the balanced equation above,

172.344 g of C6H14 reacted with 608 g of O2.

Finally, we shall determine the mass of O2 needed to react with 10 mL (i.e 6.6 g) of hexane, C6H14. This can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

172.344 g of C6H14 reacted with 608 g of O2.

Therefore, 6.6 g of C6H14 will react with = (6.6 x 608)/172.344 = 23.28 g of O2.

Therefore, 23.28 g of O2 is needed for the reaction.

Answer:

A. Diffusion is the movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Osmosis is a type of simple diffusion.

Explanation:

The statement that is true is:

A. Diffusion is the movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Osmosis is a type of simple diffusion.

Explanation:

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, driven by the concentration gradient. Osmosis is a special type of diffusion that involves the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

Option B is incorrect because diffusion can occur through any medium, while osmosis requires a semipermeable membrane.

Option C is incorrect because both diffusion and osmosis are passive processes that do not require the use of energy.

Option D is incorrect because osmosis involves the movement of water molecules, not gases, while diffusion can involve the movement of different types of particles, including gases, liquids, and solids.

Answer:

its sodium hydroxide

Explanation:

A bumper car stops moving when it strikes another car because : ( B ) Its energy is transferred to the other car

Following the law of conservation of energy, energy is neither destroyed or created but converted from one form to another. when the car collides with another car, the Kinetic energy possessed by the initial car will be transferred to the new car.

when a car possess potential energy the car will be at rest that is why the bumper car stops moving after collision

Hence we can conclude that A bumper car stops moving when it strikes another car because its energy is transferred to the other car.

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Answer:

C. and D.

Explanation:

As the problem states, a solution containing bromothymol blue would turn from blue into yellow whenever CO₂ gas is added to it.

We have this reaction:

C + O2 ===> CO2

The compounds on the left of the arrow are the reactants, the ones on the right are called products.

Answer: Carbon and Oxygen are reactants

The chemical formula for copper(II) sulfate is CuSO4.

Copper(II) sulfate is a chemical compound that is made up of copper, sulfur, and oxygen. It has the chemical formula CuSO4 and is commonly referred to as "blue vitriol" or "bluestone." Copper(II) sulfate can be prepared by reacting copper oxide or copper metal with sulfuric acid. It is a blue-colored crystalline solid that dissolves easily in water.

Copper(II) sulfate has many uses in industry and can be used as a fungicide, herbicide, pesticide, and in the manufacture of other chemicals. It is also commonly used in schools and laboratories as a reagent in chemical reactions and experiments.

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The pressure inside the tire is approximately 1.970796 newtons per square centimeter (N/cm²) when measured in those units.

To convert the pressure from pounds per square inch (psi) to newtons per square centimeter (N/cm²), we need to use the conversion factors between these units.

First, let's convert pounds to newtons:

1 pound = 0.45359237 kilograms

1 kilogram = 9.80665 newtons

Next, let's convert square inches to square centimeters:

1 square inch = 6.4516 square centimeters

Now, we can perform the conversion:

1 psi = (0.45359237 kg) × (9.80665 N/kg) / (6.4516 cm²)

≈ 0.070307 N/cm²

Therefore, the pressure inside the tire of 28.0 psi is approximately equal to 28.0 × 0.070307 N/cm², which is approximately 1.970796 N/cm².

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

Vaccines prevent illness and disease