The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a metabolic pathway that runs parallel to glycolysis and generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate (R5P). However, the PPP can also produce large amounts of NADPH without significant net production of R5P.
G6P → 6-phosphogluconolactone (6PGL) → 6-phosphogluconate (6PG) → ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P) + CO2 → xylulose-5-phosphate (Xu5P) + ribose-5-phosphate (R5P)
The non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway involves a series of reversible reactions that interconvert a variety of sugar phosphates, including R5P, Xu5P, and Ru5P. By shunting intermediates around the oxidative branch of the pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway can generate NADPH without producing a net excess of R5P. This is important for cells that require large amounts of NADPH for biosynthetic processes but do not require an excess of R5P.
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When exothermic reactions occur, ______________.
i. heat energy is absorbed.
ii. water is produced.
iii. heat energy is released.
iv. oxygen is produced.
Answer:
heat energy is released into the surrounding
What is the only nonmetal in group 14?
Answer:
Carbon is the only nonmetal element in the group
Explanation:
Carbon and silica are the non- metal which are placed in group 14.
What is non metal?
Non-metals were elements on the periodic table's right side. Gases, liquids, and solids above are all examples of non-metals. Non-metals are not as lustrous as metals and have a drab color.
The carbon family belongs to Group 14. Carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead are the five members. In their uppermost energy level, each of these elements possesses four electrons. Only carbon and silicon create nonmetal bonding among the Group 14 elements and form by sharing electrons .
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an organism that lives in or on another organism and causes harm to is a
A. host
B. parasite
C. prey
D. producer
the answer is B. Parasite.
the half-life of palladium-100 is 4 days. after 16 days a sample of palladium-100 has been reduced to a mass of 7 mg. what was the initial mass (in mg) of the sample? what is the mass 8 weeks after the start?
The half-life of palladium-100 is 4 days. after 16 days a sample of palladium-100 has been reduced to a mass of 7 mg.
The initial mass ( in mg) of the sample is 112 mg. The mass of the sample 8 weeks after the start is approximately 0.0068 mg.
The half-life of palladium-100 is 4 days, which means that every 4 days the amount of palladium-100 in a sample is reduced by half.
Let's use N(t) to represent the mass of the sample at time t, and N0 to represent the initial mass of the sample.
Since the half-life of palladium-100 is 4 days, we know that:
N(t) = N0 * (1/2)^(t/4)
We are given that after 16 days, the mass of the sample is 7 mg. So we can plug in these values and solve for N0:
7 = N0 * (1/2)^(16/4)
7 = N0 * (1/2)^4
7 = N0 * 1/16
N0 = 7 * 16
N0 = 112 mg
So the initial mass of the sample was 112 mg.
Now we can use the same formula to find the mass of the sample after 8 weeks (which is 56 days):
N(56) = 112 * (1/2)^(56/4)
N(56) = 112 * (1/2)^14
N(56) = 112 * 1/16384
N(56) = 0.00683594 mg.
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The functions carried out by all types of cells are functions that allow the
cell to?
A: create new life
B:adapt to environment
C: sustain life
Answer:
They provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions. Cells also contain the body's hereditary material and can make copies of themselves. Cells have many parts, each with a different function
Explanation:Its A
To express very large or very small numbers, scientists use what
2. Predict the shift in the reaction with each stress shift rt, shift left, or no
HEAT + Ti(s) + 2C1 (g)
a. CI, (g) is added to the system.
b. TiCk (g) is removed from the system.
TiCI (g)
c. The temperature of the container is decreased.
d. The pressure of the container is increased.,
e. Ti(s) is added to the system.
which ions would form a precipitate when hcl is added to a solution containing ag , pb2 , hg22 , ca2 , mg2 , and nh4 ?
When HCl is added to a solution containing Ag, Pb2, Hg22, Ca2, Mg2, and NH4 ions, some of these ions would form a precipitate. A precipitate is a solid substance that forms when two solutions are mixed.
The ions that would form a precipitate are those that have low solubility in water. Ag, Pb2, and Hg22 ions would form a precipitate when HCl is added to the solution. This is because these ions have low solubility in water and can combine with chloride ions to form insoluble compounds. Ag would form silver chloride (AgCl), Pb2 would form lead chloride (PbCl2), and Hg22 would form mercury (I) chloride (Hg2Cl2). On the other hand, Ca2, Mg2, and NH4 ions would not form a precipitate when HCl is added to the solution. This is because these ions are highly soluble in water and would not react with the chloride ions in HCl to form insoluble compounds.
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the bond between adjacent amino acids is a(n) ________ bond.
The bond between adjacent amino acids is a covalent peptide bond. A protein is made up of a lengthy chain of amino acids that are connected by peptide bonds.
A water molecule is removed during a biological process that links the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino .Peptide bonds are the connected that hold the amino acids of a peptide together in a particular order. Two atoms share an electron pair equally in a covalent link. Peptide (amide) and disulfide links between amino acids, as well as C-C, C-O, and C-N bonds within amino acids, are examples of significant covalent bonds.
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How do I make element symbols?
Answer: Each element is given its own chemical symbol, like H for hydrogen or O for oxygen. Chemical symbols are usually one or two letters long.
Explanation:Every chemical symbol starts with a capital letter, with the second letter written in lowercase. For example, Mg is the correct symbol for magnesium.
Match each part of the atom with its identity from the list below.
Answer:
Nucleus: Choice C
Electron: Choice E
Proton: Choice A
Neutron: Choice B
Energy Level: Choice D
Explanation:
1. Nucleus contains the protons and neutrons.
2. Electrons surround the nucleus and have a negative charge.
3. Protons are positively charged and found in the nucleus.
4. Neutrons have a neutral charge and are found in the nucleus.
5. The energy level refers to the electron orbital.
what are the different types of chromatography? what two factors contribute to the efficiency of a chromatographic separation?
Answer:
Two factors that contribute to the efficiency of a chromatographic separation are the amount of sample being separated and the separation time. A larger sample size or a longer separation time will generally result in a more efficient separation. Other factors that can impact the efficiency of a chromatographic separation include the nature of the sample, the type of chromatographic technique being used, and the characteristics of the separation column.
which point on the potential energy diagram corresponds to the species below for the reaction of 2-methylpropene with hydrogen chloride?
The point B is the diagram in which it has the Highest maximum energy level shown Here For the reaction of 2-methylpropene with hydrogen chloride.
The least strong conformation is the eclipsed conformation in which the methyl and the hydrogen atom are gift near every different and enjoy pressure repulsion on every different.
This ends in steric difficulty and makes the molecule unstable.Isobutylene (or 2-methylpropene) is a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula (CH3)2C=CH2. It is a 4-carbon branched alkene (olefin), one of the 4 isomers of butylene.2−methyl propene is greater reactive with HCl than propene as the +I impact of methyl businesses makes double bond greater electron wealthy and for the duration of electrophilic addition, a tertiary carbocation intermediate is received that's greater strong than secondary carbocation intermediate.
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A) The pKa values for oxalic acid, H2C2O4 are: 1.23 and 4.19respectively. Write each equilibrium acid dissociation reactionwith water with its respective Ka value.
B) Write the equilibrium base reaction with water for eachconjugate bases in the reactions in part a and include eachrespective Kb value.
A)Acid Dissociation Reactions of Oxalic Acid. The ionization constant (Ka) of oxalic acid is given by the reaction:H_{2}C_{2}O_{4 }+ H_{2}O ⇌ H_{3}O+ + HC_{2}O_{4-}.
B)The equilibrium constant for the basic dissociation of a conjugate base is given by Kb. Kb values are the opposite of Ka values (Kb = Kw/Ka) and are also used to compare the strength of a base's conjugate acid.
A) Acid Dissociation Reactions of Oxalic Acid. The ionization constant (Ka) of oxalic acid is given by the reaction:H_{2}C_{2}O_{4 }+ H_{2}O ⇌ H_{3}O+ + HC_{2}O_{4-}; Ka1 = 5.90 × 10-2 The reaction above describes the primary ionization of oxalic acid, where one of the two acidic hydrogen ions (protons) is lost. The loss of the second hydrogen ion is given by the second equilibrium:H_{2}C_{2}O_{4 }+ H_{2}O ⇌ H_{3}O^{+}+ C_{2}O_{4}^{2-}; Ka2 = 6.40 * 10^{-5} Oxalic acid is a diprotic acid, implying that it has two dissociable protons. It can thus release two protons when dissolved in water. The stronger the acid, the weaker its conjugate base, which means that the conjugate base of the first equilibrium is stronger than that of the second equilibrium.
B) Base Reaction with Water for Each Conjugate BaseThe corresponding base reactions with water for the conjugate bases are:H_{2}C_{2}O_{4 }+ H_{2}O ⇌ H_{3}O+ + HC_{2}O_{4-}; Ka1 = 5.90 * 10-2 H_{2}C_{2}O_{4 }+ H_{2}O ⇌ H_{3}O^{+}+ C_{2}O_{4}^{2-}; Ka2 = 6.40 × 10-5.The equilibrium constant for the basic dissociation of a conjugate base is given by Kb. Kb values are the opposite of Ka values (Kb = Kw/Ka) and are also used to compare the strength of a base's conjugate acid.
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A gas at 65°C occupies 4.0 L. At what temperature will the volume be 3.0 L?
Answer:
253.5 K
Explanation:
Charles law equation, which is as follows is used to solve this question:
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Where;
V1 = initial volume (Litres)
V2 = final volume (Litres)
T1 = initial temperature (K)
T2 = final temperature (K)
According to the numerical information provided in this question:
V1 = 4.0 L
V2 = 3.0 L
T1 = 65°C = 65 + 273 = 338K
T2 = ?
Using V1/T1 = V2/T2
V1T2 = V2T1
T2 = V2 × T1/V1
T2 = 3 × 338/4
T2 = 1014/4
T2 = 253.5 K
Determine the highest occupied energy level in the
following elements:
a. He
b. Be
C. Al
d. Ca
e. Sn
He occupies highest energy levels. The atomic number of helium is two. It is very difficult to remove the electrons from the valence shell.
What is energy level?The structure of helium is 1s2. Similar to hydrogen, the electron is being taken out of the same orbital. It is unscreened and near to the nucleus.
Because there are now two protons attracting the electrons in the nucleus instead of one, the ionization energy (2370 kJ mol-1) is substantially larger than for hydrogen.
Even atoms that do not generate positive ions in test tubes have an initial ionization energy.
Therefore, He occupies highest energy levels. The atomic number of helium is two. It is very difficult to remove the electrons from the valence shell.
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What is the concentration (M) of sodium ions in 4.57 L of a
0.268 mol L-1 Na3P solution?
The concentration (M) of sodium ions in a 0.268 mol/L Na3P solution can be calculated by considering the stoichiometry of the compound. The concentration of sodium ions in the 4.57 L Na3P solution is 0.268 M
In this case, the concentration of Na3P is 0.268 mol/L, and the volume of the solution is given as 4.57 L. Multiplying these values together gives us the number of moles of Na3P in the solution, which is 1.225 mol. Since there are three sodium ions per molecule of Na3P, the number of moles of sodium ions is also 1.225 mol.
To find the concentration of sodium ions, we divide the number of moles of sodium ions by the volume of the solution. Therefore, the concentration of sodium ions in the 4.57 L solution is 1.225 mol / 4.57 L = 0.268 M.
In summary, the concentration of sodium ions in the 4.57 L Na3P solution is 0.268 M, obtained by considering the stoichiometry of Na3P and dividing the number of moles of sodium ions by the volume of the solution.
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Suppose that Experiment 1 was done in diethyl ether instead of acetone, and NaI was replaced with another nucleophile. The conjugate base of which of the following compounds would be the most nucleophilic?
A.CH3(CH2)2CH3, pKa = 50
B.(CH3)2NH, pKa = 40
C.CH3CH2OH, pKa = 15.9
D.HF, pKa = 3.2
The compound with the most nucleophilic conjugate base in diethyl ether with a different nucleophile than NaI would be option D. HF (pKa = 3.2).
To determine which compound would have the most nucleophilic conjugate base in diethyl ether with a different nucleophile than NaI, we need to consider the stability of the conjugate bases. The stability of a conjugate base can be inferred from the acidity of the corresponding compound.
The acidity of a compound is determined by the stability of its conjugate base. The more stable the conjugate base, the weaker the acid. Therefore, the compound with the highest pKa value will have the most stable conjugate base and, consequently, the least nucleophilic conjugate base.
In this case, option D. HF (pKa = 3.2) has the lowest pKa value, indicating that it is the strongest acid and has the least stable conjugate base. Therefore, the conjugate base of HF would be the most nucleophilic among the given compounds.
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True/false: An object acceleration depends on its mass and force. Need help ASAP
Ca(OH)2 is an Arrhenius ______________ and increases the concentration of __________ when added to water
PLEASE HELP ME 40 POINTS RIGHT ANSWERS ONLY!!!!! :)
Consider the solubility curve at right. which solid material is a solid solute?
Substance C is a solid solute because the solubility of a solid increases with increasing temperature. Therefore, option B is correct.
Solubility refers to the ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent and form a homogeneous mixture called a solution. It is a measure of how much of a solute can dissolve in a given amount of solvent under specific conditions, such as temperature and pressure.
Solubility is typically expressed as the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a specified amount of solvent. The solubility of a substance is influenced by various factors, including the nature of the solute and solvent, temperature, pressure, and the presence of other substances.
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Answer: it's substance A hope it helps.!
what is the significance of carbon having four valence electrons?
a. the outermost shell can form up to four covalent bonds
b. the outermost shell can only bond with hydrogen
c. the outermost shell is full, making it a stable
d. the outermost shell never fills, making it unstable
Answer:
Sorry for the late answer, but it should be A. Carbon's outermost shell can form up to 4 covalent bonds. It's one of the reasons why Carbon is considered an "essential element".
A) how many moles of water will be formed if you start with 2.54 moles of
sodium hydroxide and you have an excess of sulfuric acid?
showing work
2.54 moles of water will be formed if you start with 2.54 moles of sodium hydroxide and there is an excess of sulfuric acid. This is determined by using the concept of balanced chemical equation.
A balanced chemical equation can be defined as a chemical equation in which the number of each type of atom is equal on the two sides of the equation. The chemical formulas of the reactants and products that indicate the number of atoms of the preceding element.
We can write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid as,
2 Na OH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2 H2O
From the above balanced chemical equation, it is clear that for every 2 moles of Na OH that react, 2 moles of H2O are produced.
here 2.54 moles of Na OH, we can calculate the amount of H2O produced can be determined as,
= 2.54 moles Na OH x (2 moles H2O / 2 moles Na OH)
= 2.54 moles H2O
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Hey please help me in this.....
Hints are given just answer these small questions....It's due tonight....
Answer:
5.Hey Order of reaction is :-
Y>Z>X
6.Phosphorus is soft, waxy and reactive. It reacts with moist air and gives out light. It ignites spontaneously at about 350C and that's why it is stored under kerosene to prevent its reaction in the atmosphere.
it can be also stored in sealed bottles..
Explanation:
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How many grams of diphosphorus trioxide, P2O3, are required to produce 10.2 moles of phosphorous acid, H3PO3?
Total, 561 grams of diphosphorus trioxide are required to produce 10.2 moles of phosphorous acid.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between diphosphorus trioxide and water to produce phosphorous acid is;
P₂O₃ + 3H₂O → 2H₃PO₃
From this equation, we can see that 1 mole of P₂O₃ produces 2 moles of H₃PO₃.
Therefore, the number of moles of P₂O₃ required to produce 10.2 moles of H₃PO₃ is;
10.2 moles H₃PO₃ × 1 mole P₂O₃/2 moles H₃PO₃ = 5.1 moles P₂O₃
To convert from moles to grams, we need to use the molar mass of P₂O₃, which is;
2 × atomic mass of P + 3 × atomic mass of O = 2 × 31.0 g/mol + 3 × 16.0 g/mol = 110.0 g/mol
Therefore, the mass of P₂O₃ required is;
5.1 moles P₂O₃ × 110.0 g/mol = 561 g
Therefore, 561 grams of P₂O₃ is required.
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At 715 kPa a sample of gas occupies 15.7 Liters at constant temperature. At what pressure, in kPa, will the gas occupy a volume of 6 L? How did Ismail Enver (Enver Pasha) “take the first steps to implement the CUP blueprint for genocide?”
You first need to know which formula you are going to use. Since we are given the pressure and volume, this tells us that we will be using Boyle's Law.
You then have to list what you are given and what they are asking for.
\(P_{1} = 715 kPa\\ V_{1} = 15.7 L\\ P_{2} = ? \\ V_{2} = 6 L\)
You then need to use the formula to find your missing value.
\(P_{1} V_{1} = P_{2}V_{2}\\\\ P_{2} = \frac{P_{1}V_{1}}{V_{2}} \\\\ P_{2} = \frac{(715 kPa)(15.7 L)}{(6 L)} \\\\ P_{2}} = 1870.916667\\\\\)
P₂ = 2 x 10³ kPa
Sigdigs(figs) wise, the answer will have one significant digit since the 6L has the least digits.
You can also prove this by knowing the relationship between the values. Pressure and volume has an inverse relationship so it makes sense that the new pressure is a lot higher than the original pressure since our new volume got smaller.
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Regarding the last question, I have no clue.
A cube of iron at 20C is placed in contact with a cube of copper at 60C. Which statement describes the initial flow of heat between the cubes?
Answer:
the iron is more condensed then the copper more electricity
why should we care if people in other parts of the world pollute their drinking water?
Answer: This may seem unlikely for whereever you're living but say if a drought happened in your country and water is very limited, then we'd have to import water from other countries but if their water is unclean then we also have a problem of no water. Most bottled water sold in stores comes from other countries aswell.
Convert 550 Hm to mm
Answer:
55,000,000
Explanation:
550 hectometers [hm] = 55,000,000 millimeters [mm]
an enzyme binds the product more tightly than the substrate.A. True
B. False
More firmly than the substrate, an enzyme binds the product. False. An enzyme only has one use before it is no longer functional in the cell.
An enzyme's active site binds the reaction's substrate more firmly than the transition state intermediate does.
In a location on the enzyme molecule known as the active site, enzymes precisely and tightly bind both reactant molecules (referred to as the substrate) (Figurebelow).
Enzymes place reactants correctly so they do not have to resist intermolecular forces that would otherwise drive them apart by binding reactants at the active site. The molecules can now interact with less energy because to this.
Using alternate routes with lower activation energies may also be made possible by enzymes.
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False, Enzymes are biological catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.
Enzymes do this by binding to the substrate(s) involved in the reaction and forming an enzyme-substrate complex. This complex is held together by a variety of non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions.
In some cases, the product(s) of the reaction may also bind to the enzyme, forming an enzyme-product complex. However, this complex is typically less stable than the enzyme-substrate complex, as the enzyme has evolved to release the product(s) once they are formed. The enzyme-substrate complex is usually held together more tightly than the enzyme-product complex, as the enzyme has a higher affinity for the substrate(s) than the product(s). Therefore, the statement "An enzyme binds the product more tightly than the substrate" is false.
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