4. Consider the following reaction:
A student performs a neutralization reaction at 298 K according to the following reaction:
NaHCO3 (8) + HCH,O2 (aq) → H20 (1) + CO2 (g) + NaC,H3O2 (aq)
The student adds 1.85 g of solid NaHCO3 into a flask containing 75.0 mL of 0.90 M HCH:02. The student
observes the formation of gas bubbles and also that the flask gets cooler to the touch as the reaction proceeds.
Considering all of the students observations that the student made, is the reaction thermodynamically favorable
at all temperatures, no temperatures, high temperatures or low temperatures. Justify (explain) your selection in
terms of AG

Answer:

The correct answer will be " RbF > RbCl > RbBr > Rbl".

Explanation:

The size of the given ions will be:

RbCl:

⇒  689kJ/mol

RbBr:

⇒  660kJ/mol

Rbl:

⇒  630kJ/mol

RbF:

⇒  785kJ/mol

Now according to the size, the arrangement will be:

⇒  (785kJ/mol) > (689kJ/mol) > (660kJ/mol) >(630kJ/mol)

⇒  RbF > RbCl > RbBr > Rbl

The bond among all opposite charging ions seems to be strongest whenever the ions were indeed small.

The correct answer for emperical and molecular formula = C5H14N2 .

3.23 g x (12.011 / 44.0098) = 0.8815 g carbon

1.865 g x (2.016 / 18.0152) = 0.2087 g Hydrogen

1.58 g x (28.014 / 108.009) = 0.4098 g Nitrogen

1.50 g minus (0.8815 + 0.2087 + 0.4098) = 0.

Convert each element's mass to moles.

0.8815 g/12.011 g/mol = 0.0734 mol carbon

0.2087 g 1.008 g/mol = 0.207 mol Hydrogen

0.4098 g 14.007 g/mol = 0.02926 mol Nitrogen

Step three is to calculate the ratio of molar amounts expressed in the smallest, whole numbers.

0.0734 mol 0.02926 mol = 2.51 carbon

7.07 mol hydrogen = 0.207 mol 0.02926 mol

Nitrogen: 0.02926 mol = 1 Nitrogen: 0.02926 mol = 1

Doubling each value yields C = 5, H = 14.14, and N = 2, resulting in the empirical formula C5H14N2. 

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Can u give the figure

Answer:

sound waves

Explanation:

hope this helps

An example of heterogeneous equilibrium is:

Heterogeneous equilibrium refers to an equilibrium state in a chemical reaction where the reactants and products exist in different physical states or phases. It occurs when substances in different phases, such as solids, liquids, and gases, are involved in a chemical reaction.

Considering the given equations:

The equation I: FeO(s) + CO(g) ⇌ Fe(s) + CO₂(g) represents a heterogeneous equilibrium.

This is because the reactants and products involve different phases (solid and gas). FeO is a solid (s), CO is a gas (g), Fe is a solid (s), and CO₂ is a gas (g). The reaction involves the conversion of a solid and a gas to another solid and a gas, and the equilibrium is established between these different phases.

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A. High energy radiation produced in the ozone layer. (:

The pH of the solution, determined by the hydrogen electrode coupled with the saturated calomel electrode, is approximately 9.53.

To find the pH of the solution using a hydrogen electrode coupled with a saturated calomel electrode, we can utilize the Nernst equation, which relates the measured cell potential to the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution. The Nernst equation is given by:

E = E° - (0.0592/n) * log[H+]

Where E is the measured cell potential, E° is the standard cell potential, n is the number of electrons transferred in the half-reaction (which is 2 for the hydrogen electrode), and [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions.

In this case, the emf of the combined cell is given as 0.523 V. Since the saturated calomel electrode (SCE) is the reference electrode, we can consider its standard cell potential (E°) to be 0.241 V at 25 degrees Celsius.

0.523 V = 0.241 V - (0.0592/2) * log[H+]

Simplifying the equation:

0.523 V - 0.241 V = -0.0296 * log[H+]

0.282 V = -0.0296 * log[H+]

Dividing both sides by -0.0296:

log[H+] = -0.282 V / -0.0296

log[H+] ≈ 9.53

Taking the antilog (base 10) of both sides:

[H+] ≈ 10^9.53

[H+] ≈ 3.2 × 10^9 M

Therefore, the pH of the solution, determined by the hydrogen electrode coupled with the saturated calomel electrode, is approximately 9.53.

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Mumbai is the best as it has the largest population and the closest temp to that of cooking pasta

Mumbai an city in India with an average temperature of 33C and a population of about 21,296,516

Denver a city in Colorado in the USA with a temperature of 5C and a population of 705,576 (2019)

Mexico City  a city in Mexico with a temperature of 12C and a population of 9 Million persons

Therefore, Mumbai is the best as it has the largest population and the closest temperature to that of cooking pasta

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Based on the observations, the change is physical.

This is because the matter is still the same composition after the change, while a chemical change would change the composition.

Based on the observations, both physical and chemical changes have occurred during the experiment.

Observation 1: Water droplets form on the inside of the glass lid. This is a physical change.

Observation 2: Bubbles rise as the water starts boiling. This is a chemical change.

A physical change is a transformation in a substance's state, shape, or form that does not alter its chemical composition or create new substances. During a physical change, the original substance remains the same, and no chemical bonds are broken or formed.

A chemical change, also known as a chemical reaction, involves the conversion of one or more substances into new substances with different chemical compositions. Evidence of a chemical change includes the production of gas, formation of a precipitate, release or absorption of heat or light, and changes in color and odor.

In observation 1, the water vapor in the air comes into contact with the cooler glass surface of the lid and condenses back into liquid water. Condensation is a physical change where a gas changes into a liquid.

Observation 2- Boiling is the process of converting liquid water into water vapor (gas) by absorbing heat energy. The heat causes water molecules to gain energy and transform into gas, forming bubbles that rise to the surface. This change involves the breaking of intermolecular forces between water molecules and is a chemical change.

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Mendeleev sketched out the table he had in mind. Mendeleev created the so-called Periodic Law while assembling these atomic data cards.

Periodic law is defined as a rule that the elements fall into recurrent groupings when enumerated in order of their atomic numbers, causing elements with similar qualities to appear frequently. "The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers," is how the current Periodic law is best summarized.

Mendeleev found that when all the known chemical elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic weight, the resulting table revealed a periodicity, or repeated pattern, of characteristics within groupings of elements.

Thus, Mendeleev sketched out the table he had in mind. Mendeleev created the so-called Periodic Law while assembling these atomic data cards.

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Answer:

All functional groups in organic chemistry

Functional groups include: hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl.

Hope this helps Have a good day

Answer:

ok

Explanation:

just use to the amu constant and interprete the calculation

Answer:

They have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons.

Explanation:

All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons, however, they don't necessarily have the same number of neutrons. If atoms of the same element have different numbers of neutrons, they are isotopes of one another. An example is carbon-12 and carbon-13. Carbon-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. Carbon-13 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons. They are isotopes.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrobromic acid and sodium hydroxide is: The maximum mass of water that can be produced in this reaction is 0.495 g.

HBr + NaOH → NaBr + H2O

According to the equation, 1 mole of hydrobromic acid reacts with 1 mole of sodium hydroxide to produce 1 mole of water. The molar mass of HBr is 80 g/mol, while the molar mass of NaOH is 40 g/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of HBr and NaOH can be calculated as follows:

moles of HBr = 5.66 g / 80 g/mol = 0.07075 mol

moles of NaOH = 1.1 g / 40 g/mol = 0.0275 mol

Since the reaction between HBr and NaOH is a one-to-one ratio, the limiting reagent is NaOH because it produces fewer moles of product. Therefore, the number of moles of water produced can be calculated as follows:

moles of H2O = 0.0275 mol

The mass of water produced can be calculated using its molar mass, which is 18 g/mol:

mass of H2O = 0.0275 mol × 18 g/mol = 0.495 g

Therefore, the maximum mass of water that can be produced in this reaction is 0.495 g.

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Answer:

Copper

Explanation:

The given electronic configuration is of copper which sums upto 29  which is the atomic number of copper.

Electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons which are present in an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.It describes how each electron moves independently in an orbital.

Knowledge of electronic configuration is necessary for understanding the structure of periodic table.It helps in understanding the chemical properties of elements.

Elements undergo chemical reactions in order to achieve stability. Main group elements obey the octet rule in their electronic configuration while the transition elements follow the 18 electron rule. Noble elements have valence shell complete in ground state and hence are said to be stable.

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Unfortunately, commercial kelp harvesting, pollution, and climate change are all threats to kelp forests today.

During 2014-2016, a massive multi-year marine heatwave in the North Pacific was quickly followed by an unusually strong El Nio Southern Oscillation event, resulting in unusually warm ocean conditions that limited nutrients essential for kelp growth.

Many species would be deprived of habitat and protection if kelp forests did not exist. This could result in critically low populations of many fish, invertebrates, birds, and even large mammals.

Thus, The disappearance of the kelp forests affected the populations of many other organisms.

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Example of each of the following mixtures and state whether it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture

A mixture of a solid and a liquid -  Dirt and water [mud] (Heterogenous - mud can settle down at the bottom and leaving the mixture with much less mud at the top of the container than at the bottom)

A mixture of two gases - Smoke and fog [smog] (Heterogenous - Smog often carries around a lot of different particles other than just smoke and fog. These are not the same particles as another smog cloud a few miles over)

A mixture of two liquids - Milk and chocolate syrup [chocolate milk] (Heterogenous - The chocolate syrup can settle at the bottom leaving different amounts on both top and bottom of the mixture.)

A mixture of two solids - Copper and Zinc [brass] (Homogenous - Brass is always copper + zinc, though the ratios can vary greatly. If it were heterogenous we would see variety in things such as color, which we don't)

Mixture is the compound made up of two or more chemical component which are not chemically linked called as mixture

Here mixture of solid and liquid is dirt and water means water is the liquid whereas dirt is the solid and mixture of two gases are smoke and fog this two are gases that's why it is called mixture of gases and mixture of two liquid are milk and chocolate syrup because they are syrup that's why they are mixture of two liquid and mixture of two solid are copper and zinc copper is also the solid and zinc is also the solid that's why it is the mixture of two solid

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Nickel hydroxide is primarily employed in hybrid electric vehicles as the cathode active material for nickel hydride batteries. In the market for hybrid-type electric cars, the company's products hold a sizable market share.

Niobium cation A nickel cation with a double positive charge is known as nickel(2+). It plays the part of a cofactor. It is a monoatomic dication, a nickel cation, a metal cation allergy, and a divalent metal cation.

The hexaminenickel (II) complex ion is created by dissolving the nickel (II) hydroxide precipitate. A precipitate of lavender is created. The precipitate turns from lavender to gray-blue in hue.

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Answer:

A.) 1.88 L

Explanation:

To find the volume of HCl , you need to (1) convert grams to moles (using the molar mass) and then (2) calculate the volume (using the molarity ratio).

(Step 1)

Molar Mass (HCl): 36.46 g/mol

303 grams HCl               1 mole
-------------------------  x  ----------------------  =  8.31 moles HCl
                                    36.46 grams

(Step 2)

Molarity = 4.4 M

Moles = 8.31 moles

Molarity = moles / volume (L)                       <----- Molarity ratio

4.4 M = 8.31 moles / volume                        <----- Insert values

(4.4 M)  x volume = 8.31 moles                    <----- Multiply both sides by volume

volume = 1.88                                              <----- Divide both sides by 4.4

Answer:

8.34

Explanation:

1) how much moles of NH₃ are in the reaction;

2) how much moles of H₂ are in the reaction;

3)  the required mass of the H₂.

all the details are in the attachment; the answer is marked with red colour.

Note1: M(NH₃) - molar mass of the NH₃, constant; M(H₂) - the molar mass of the H₂, constant; ν(NH₃) - quantity of NH₃; ν(H₂) - quantity of H₂.

Note2: the suggested solution is not the shortest one.

The tests that can be used to determine the kinds of solids that have been listed are shown below.

Here are some tests that can be used to show that a solid is:

Ionic (NaCl):

Solubility test: NaCl is highly soluble in water, and a high degree of solubility can confirm the ionic nature of NaCl.

Conductivity test: In its molten or dissolved state, NaCl conducts electricity due to the presence of charged ions.

Metallic (Ca):

Conductivity test: Metals such as Ca conduct electricity due to the presence of free electrons in their crystal structure.

Ductility and malleability test: Metals are ductile and malleable, and can be easily deformed under pressure.

Covalent Network (Quartz, SiO2):

Hardness test: Covalent network solids such as quartz are extremely hard due to the strong covalent bonds between atoms.

Melting point test: Covalent network solids often have high melting and boiling points due to the strong intermolecular forces between atoms.

Polar Molecular (sugar, C6H12O6):

Solubility test: Polar molecules such as sugar are soluble in polar solvents such as water but insoluble in nonpolar solvents.

Melting and boiling point test: Polar molecular solids have lower melting and boiling points compared to ionic or covalent network solids due to weaker intermolecular forces.

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Answer:

C

Explanation:

Answer:

the answer is applied force

Answer:

5.74M or 5.74 mol/L (to 3 sign. fig.)

Explanation:

The molar mass of NaNO3 is 85g/mol, which means that:

1 mole of NaNO3 - 85g

? moles - 122.0g

= 122/85 = 1.44 moles

Concentration in mol/L = no. of moles (moles) ÷ volume (L)

\(\frac{1.44}{0.250}\) = 5.74M or 5.74 mol/L (to 3 sign. fig.)

I hope the steps are clear and easy to follow.

C. C (graphite) forms a molecular solid.

Solids can be technically categorized as ionic, molecular, covalent (network), or metallic based on the type of forces holding the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions together. These four different types of interactions have a wide range of relative strengths that correlate well with those differences.

Atoms or molecules bound together by hydrogen bonds, London dispersion forces, or dipole-dipole forces make form molecular solids. characterized by weak conductivity, flexibility, and low melting points. Sucrose is a kind of molecular solid.

As a crystalline solid, graphite is composed of carbon atoms arranged in a regular hexagonal framework. The layers of graphite are made up of rings of six carbon atoms that are organized in horizontal sheets with large gaps between them. Thus, graphite forms a molecular solid in chemistry.

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By using filtration, the sand and fine salt can be effectively separated based on their difference in particle size, providing a clean separation of the two components.

Filtration is a separation technique that takes advantage of the difference in particle size between sand and salt. It involves passing the mixture through a porous material, such as filter paper or a filter funnel, which allows the liquid (saltwater) and small salt particles to pass through while retaining the larger sand particles.

Here's how the filtration process can be carried out:

1. Set up a filter apparatus with a funnel and filter paper or a filter flask.

2. Place the mixture of sand and salt in a beaker or a flask.

3. Slowly pour the mixture into the filter paper or funnel, allowing the liquid (saltwater) to pass through while retaining the sand on the filter paper.

4. Once the liquid has passed through completely, the sand will be left behind on the filter paper or in the filter flask.

5. Carefully remove the sand from the filter paper or filter flask, and the saltwater solution can be collected separately.

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Taking into account the definition of molarity, the mass of solute present in 705 mL of 0.470M KBr is 39.43 grams.

Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution expressed in the number of moles dissolved per liter of solution. This is, the molarity indicates the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a given volume.

The molarity of a solution is calculated by:

molarity= number of moles÷ volume

Molarity is expressed in units moles/L.

In this case, you know:

Replacing in the definition of molarity:

0.470 M= number of moles÷ 0.705 L

Solving:

0.470 M× 0.705 L= number of moles

0.33135 moles= number of moles

Being the molar mass of KBr 119 g/mole, the mass of the compound can be calculated as:

mass= molar mass× number of moles

mass= 119 g/mole× 0.33135 moles

mass= 39.43 grams

Finally, the mass of solute is 39.43 grams.

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1. The % concentration is 20.7% and the molar concentration, Cm, is 1.5 M.

2. 7.8 grams of potassium sulfate will be formed.

3. 10.7 grams of ammonium chloride will be formed.

4. The volume of hydrogen gas that will be produced is 3.86 liters.

5. 21.43 grams of the 70% acetic acid is needed to prepare 500 grams of 3% acetic acid solution.

1. Mass of potassium sulfate = 1.5 moles * (174.26 g/mol) = 261.39 g

Mass of water (H₂O) = 1000 g

% = (mass of solute/mass of solution) x 100

% = (261.39 g / (261.39 g + 1000 g)) x 100

% ≈ 20.7%

Cm = moles of solute / volume of solution

Moles of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) = 1.5 moles

Volume of water (H2O) = 1000 g / (density of water) = 1000 g / 1 g/mL = 1000 mL = 1 L

Cm = 1.5 moles / 1 L

Cm = 1.5 M

2. The balanced equation for the reaction is:

H₂SO₄ + 2 KOH → K₂SO₄ + 2 H₂O

Molar mass of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) = 98.09 g/mol

Moles of sulfuric acid = 10 g / 98.09 g/mol

Moles of sulfuric acid = 0.102 mol

Based on the mole ratio of the reaction, 0.102 moles of sulfuric acid will react to form 0.102 moles of potassium sulfate.

Molar mass of potassium sulfate = 174.26 g/mol

Mass of potassium sulfate = 0.102 mol x 174.26 g/mol

Mass of potassium sulfate ≈ 17.8 g

3. The balanced equation for the reaction is:

Molar mass of hydrochloric acid (HCl) = 36.46 g/mol

Moles of hydrochloric acid (HCl) = 7.3 g / 36.46 g/mol

Moles of hydrochloric acid ≈ 0.2 mol

Based on the mole ratio of the reaction, 0.2 moles of hydrochloric acid will react to form 0.2 moles of ammonium chloride.

Molar mass of ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) = 53.49 g/mol

Mass of ammonium chloride = 0.2 mol x 53.49 g/mol

Mass of ammonium chloride ≈ 10.7 g

4. The balanced equation for the reaction is:

Molar mass of zinc (Zn) = 65.38 g/mol

Moles of zinc = 13 g / 65.38 g/mol

Moles of zinc ≈ 0.199 mol

Based on the mole ratio of the reaction, 0.199 moles of zinc will react to produce 0.199 moles of hydrogen gas.

Volume of sulfuric acid = 30 g / (density of H₂SO₄ )

The density of H₂SO₄ is 1.84 g/mL

Volume of sulfuric acid  = 30 g / 1.84 g/mL

Volume of sulfuric acid ≈ 16.3 mL or 0.0163 L

Using the ideal gas law, the volume of hydrogen gas produced will be:

V = nRT / P

V = (0.199 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K))(273 K) / (1 atm)

V ≈ 3.86 L

5. Assuming that the concentrated original solution of acetic acid is 100% acetic acid (CH₃COOH).

Mass of acetic acid = 500 g x (3/100) = 15 g

The concentrated original solution, however, is 70% acetic acid.

70% acetic acid (mass) = 100% acetic acid (unknown mass)

0.7 * (unknown mass) = 15 g

Solving for the unknown mass:

unknown mass = 15 g / 0.7

unknown mass ≈ 21.43 g

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