4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium chlorosulfonate: a new ionic liquid exhibiting chlorosulfonic acid action as monoprotic brönsted acid and no sulfonating reagent

Answers

Answer 1

4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium chlorosulfonate: a new ionic liquid exhibiting chlorosulfonic acid action as monoprotic brönsted acid and no sulfonating reagent

What is chlorosulfonic acid action?

The most significant method of producing chlorosulfonic acid includes the direct reaction of hydrogen chloride with oil or sulphur trioxide, and this method is frequently used in the reagent's production.

While our earlier research and a few reports demonstrated that chlorosulfonic acid operates as a monoprotic Brönsted acid, many journals still regarded it as a sulfonating and sulfating agent. Therefore, in the current study, we choose to address this query by examining the interaction between DMAP and chlorosulfonic acid. First, a brand-new ionic liquid called 4-dimethylaminopyridinium chlorosulfonate was created, and several spectroscopic methods were used to reveal its chemical structure. Another derivative that was created and displayed a similar NMR signal was 4-dimethylaminopyridinium hydrogen sulphate. The synthesis of 4-dimethylaminopyridinium chlorosulfonate is supported by the NMR spectra investigations of the reactants, the new ionic liquid, and 4-dimethylaminopyridinium hydrogen sulphate. The spectroscopic findings led to the exclusion of the synthesis of N-sulfonic acid-4-dimethylaminopyridinium chloride or 4-dimethylaminopyridinium sulphate as well as an excess of chlorosulfonic acid and sulfuric acid. Finally, the thermal behaviour and stability of the novel ionic liquid were examined, and a potential mechanism for its degradation was proposed based on a TGA/DTA analysis.

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4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium Chlorosulfonate: A New Ionic Liquid Exhibiting Chlorosulfonic Acid Action

Related Questions

What is the overall charge of a Aluminum atom that loses 3 electrons​

Answers

it’s charge was neutral due to the equal number of protons and electrons. when it becomes an ion it loses 3 electrons leaving behind only 10. the answer is 10. the equation is +13 +(-10)=+3

How would you compare dissolving and dispersing waste materials?Dissolving them means flushing them with water; dispersing them means breaking them downDissolving them means breaking them down; dispersing them means recycling themDissolving them means breaking them down; dispersing them means spreading them outDispersing them means cleansing them; dissolving them means flushing them with water

Answers

Dissolving and dispersing are two different approaches to waste disposal. Dissolving is the method of separating and breaking down solid waste materials into smaller particles by using a solvent such as water.

Dispersing involves distributing and breaking up the waste into smaller pieces in order to make it more manageable to dispose of.

Dissolving means breaking them down; dispersing means spreading them out is the right choice.In conclusion, dissolving and dispersing waste materials have different methods. Dissolving refers to the separation and breaking down of solid waste materials into smaller particles by utilizing a solvent such as water.

Dispersing, on the other hand, involves distributing and breaking up waste into smaller pieces to make it more manageable to dispose of.

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What are three factors homeowners should consider when choosing the site for a new house?

Answers

Answer:

location

topography (quality)

other facilities close by e.g gas station (it is not advisable to live close to a gas station, incase of explosion)

Answer:

school district, daily commute, neighborhood character, property value, nearby amenities

A buffer was made using 0.10 moles of A- and 0.010 moles of HA, to form 1.00 L of solution. If the pKa is 5.71, what is the pH of the buffer

Answers

A weak acid (HA) and its conjugate base (A-) make up a buffer solution, which can withstand pH shifts when modest amounts of acid or base are added. As a result, the buffer's pH is roughly 6.71.

What is the pH of pure water after 0.01 mL of 1M HCl is added?

So, after adding 1 mL of 0.01 mol HCl solution to 1 litre of distilled water that was initially at pH = 7, the pH value is 2.0.

The pH of a buffer solution is related to the pKa and the ratio of the concentrations of the acid and its conjugate base by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])

To calculate the pH of the buffer as follows:

pH = 5.71 + log([0.10]/[0.010])

pH = 5.71 + log(10)

pH = 5.71 + 1

pH = 6.71

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Which of the following would qualify as matter?

Answers

Answer:

the water, gasoline, sand, and sugar

Explanation:

Answer:

Everything on the periodic table and Dark Matter all count as a form of "matter".

What mass of titanium chloride reacts with 460 g of sodium?

Answers

Answer:

771.15g of TiCl4

Explanation:

460 grams of sodium=20 mol

equation of the reaction is TiCl4+4NA=4NaCl+Ti

1 mol of titanium chlroide reacts with 4. that means there are 5 mols of titanium chloride

titanium chloride has a molar mass of 154.23 g.

mutiply that by 5 and we have 771.15 g

To react with 460 g of sodium, 949 g of titanium chloride are required.

Let's consider the following balanced equation.

TiCl₄ + 4 Na ⇒ Ti + 4 NaCl

We can calculate the mass of titanium chloride that reacts with 460 g of sodium considering the following relationships.

The molar mass of Na is 22.98 g/mol.The molar ratio of TiCl₄ to Na is 1:4.The molar mass of TiCl₄ is 189.68 g/mol.

\(460 g Na \times \frac{1molNa}{22.98gNa} \times \frac{1molTiCl_4}{4molNa} \times \frac{189.68gTiCl_4}{1molTiCl_4} = 949gTiCl_4\)

To react with 460 g of sodium, 949 g of titanium chloride are required.

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2. In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the products.
A:must always be the same as the total mass of the reactants
B:is always less than the total mass of the reactants in an open system
C:must be less than the total mass of the reactants

Answers

A) must always be the same as the total mass of the reactants.

When reactants are transformed into a new substance, all the individual atoms making up the reactants are still present in the products. The reaction doesn’t make new or destroy atoms, so the mass remains constant.

Which of the following elements has the same number of valence electrons as the element boron

Answers

Answer:

Boron and argon have 3 and 8 valence electrons respectively.

Aluminum and calcium have 3 and 2 valence electrons respectively.

Explanation:

Please give the brainliest.

Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of solid tetraphosphorus hexoxide with water.

Answers

Answer:

P4O6(s) + 6 H2O(l) -> 4H3PO3(aq).

Explanation:

What is the formula for Tetraphosphorus Hexoxide?

Answer: P₄O₆

how is H3PO3 formed???

H3PO3 is produced by the slow combustion reaction of phosphorus in the form of a white volatile powder.

The salt of phosphorus acid is called phosphites. Phosphoric acid is prepared by the reaction of phosphorus trichloride that is PCl 3 with water.

Why do metals form cations and nonmetals form anions?

Answers

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Metals have tendency to loose electrons in order to get noble gas configuration, therefore they loose electrons to form Cations (positively charged ions)

for example ~ Sodium forms Na+

And

Non - metals have tendency to gain electrons in order to attain noble gas configuration , hence they gain electron from somewhere and bears a negative charge forming Anion.

for example ~ Chlorine forms Cl-

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Answers

Answer:

It would contain 10.

Explanation:

The atomic number: the number of protons.

an atom of chlorine has the electron configuration [ne] 3s2 3p5. determine how many atomic orbitals in this atom are occupied by at least one electron.

Answers

An atom of chlorine have 5 atomic orbitals in which each at least one electron is present.

Atomic orbitals are mathematical functions that give knowledge into the wave idea of electrons (or sets of electrons) that exist around the cores of atoms. In the fields of quantum mechanics and nuclear hypothesis, these numerical capabilities are much of the time utilized to decide the likelihood of tracking down an electron (having a place with a molecule) in a particular district around the core of the particle.

It is critical to take note of that the term 'atomic orbital' can likewise be utilized to allude to the actual space or actual locale around an atom's core wherein the likelihood of a particular electron being available is greatest. The presence of an electron in such a locale is anticipated by the numerical type of the atomic orbital.

Electronic configuration of chlorine is  1s²,2s²,2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵.It means 2 electrons are present in 1 s orbitals,2 electrons are present in 2s orbitals ,6 electrons are present in 2p orbital,2 electrons are present in 3s orbitals and 5 electrons are present in 3p orbitals.

Hence,5 atomic orbitals contains at least one electron.

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(Complete question) is:

an atom of chlorine has the electron configuration [ne] 3s² 3p⁵. determine how many atomic orbitals in this atom are occupied by at least one electron

Which of the following is a characteristic property of ionic compounds? A.They have low melting points. B.They form hard, brittle crystals. C.They do not form crystals. D.They have low boiling points.

Answers

Answer:

the answer is d

Explanation:

i just did it

The characteristic property of ionic compounds is B. They form hard, brittle crystals.

Ionic bond is a chemical bond formed as the result of transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Ionic bonds are held by strong electrostatic force. Properties of ionic bonds are:

There form crystals.they have high boiling and melting points.The are soluble in water and insoluble in solvents.They conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

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What is the mass of 0.45 mol of ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4?

Answers

Answer:

59.46 g

Explanation:

To answer this question, the molecular weight of ammonium sulfate must be computed.  To accomplish this, the weights of the individual elements must be noted.
N=14.01\(\frac{g}{mol}\)

H=1.01\(\frac{g}{mol}\)

S=32.07\(\frac{g}{mol}\)

O=16.00\(\frac{g}{mol}\)

To compute the molecular weight:

\(2[14.01\frac{g}{mol}+4(1.01\frac{g}{mol})]+32.07\frac{g}{mol}+4(16.00\frac{g}{mol})=132.14\frac{g}{mol}\)

To calculate the mass:

\(0.45 mol(\frac{132.14g}{1mol})=59.463g\)

3 Ag(s) + 4 HNO3 → 3 AgNO3 + NO(g) + 2 H2OThe reaction of silver metal and dilute nitric acid proceeds according to the equation above. If 0.10 mole of powdered silver is added to 10. milliliters of 6.0-molar nitric acid, the number of moles of NO gas that can be formed is

Answers

Answer:

\(0.015\text{ mol}\)

Explanation:

Here, we want to get the number of moles of NO gas that can be formed

To answer this, we need to be sure of the limiting reagent

The limiting reagent is the one that is responsible for the number of moles of product formed

From the shown balanced equation of reaction, 3 moles of silver produced 1 mole of the gas

Thus, 0.1 mol of powdered silver will produce:

\(\frac{0.1}{3}\text{ = 0.033 mol}\)

For the nitric acid, we need to get the number of moles that reacted

To get this, we have to multiply the volume (in L) that reacted by the molarity

Mathematically, we have that as:

\(\begin{gathered} 10\text{ ml = }\frac{10}{1000}\text{ = 0.01 L} \\ \\ number\text{ of moles = volume }\times\text{ molarity} \\ number\text{ of moles = 0.01 }\times\text{ 6 = 0.06 moles} \end{gathered}\)

From the equation of reaction, 4 moles of the nitrate gave 1 mole of the gas

Thus, we have it that 0.06 moles will give:

\(\frac{0.06}{4}\text{ = 0.015 mole}\)

From what we see, the number of moles produced by the nitrate is less than what was produced by the solid

Thus, the nitrate is the limiting reagent and the number of moles of the gas produced is 0.015 mol

A sample of well water contains 24.3 ppb of dissolved iron(III) sulphate from the surrounding rocks. What mass of iron(III) sulphate is present in 3.54L of water?

Answers

The mass of iron(III) sulphate that is present in 3.54L of water if a sample of well water contains 24.3 ppb of dissolved iron(III) sulphate is 8.6022 × 10-⁵ grams.

How to calculate mass?

The mass of a substance can be calculated using the following formula;

Density = mass ÷ volume

According to this question, a sample of well water contains 24.3 parts per billion (ppb) of dissolved iron(III) sulphate from the surrounding rocks.

24.3 ppb is equivalent to 0.0000243 g/L

The mass of iron(III) sulphate present in 3.54L of water is as follows:

mass = 0.0000243 × 3.54 = 8.6022 × 10-⁵ grams

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Which of the fallowing scientific claims about the bond in the molecular compound HF is most likely to be true?
There is a partial negative charge on the H atom.
Electrons are shared equally between the H and F atom.
The bond is extremely weak.
The bond is highly polar.

Answers

The bond is highly polar is the scientific claim about the bond in the molecular compound HF is most likely to be true.

The term polar means that there is separation of charges, the bonds will be the more polar the greater the difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.

In hydrogen fluoride, for example, F is more electronegative than H because its nucleus, with 9 positive charges, attracts e-shares with H more strongly than the nucleus of H, with only one positive charge.

Therefore, the e- shared by covalence will be closer to F than to H and the molecule forms a permanent dipole.

Therefore, we can conclude that the bond is highly polar is the scientific claim about the bond in the molecular compound HF is most likely to be true.

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francine added 5.0 ml of 0.8 m koh to 2.0 ml of 6.0 m hbr. determine whether the resulting mixture is acidic, basic, or neutral.

Answers

When Francine combines 5.0 ml of 0.8 m KOH to 2.0 ml of 6.0 m HBr, the resulting solution will get acidic in nature because of more number of moles of HBr.

The chemical equation of the mentioned reaction is given as,

HBr + KOH → KBr + H₂O

As we can see, one mole of HBr reacts with one mole of KOH.

So, we can say that moles of HBr are equal to the moles of KOH.

Millimoles = Molarity x Volume

Now, it is given to us that Francine combines 5.0 ml of 0.8 m KOH to 2.0 ml of 6.0 m HBr.

Millimoles of KOH = 4 x 0.8

Millimoles of KOH = 4

Millimoles of HBr = 2 x 6

Millimoles of HBr = 12

As we see, that the millimoles of HBr are greater than that of KOH, so, the resulting solution will be Acidic in nature.

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g what is the angle between the carbon-hydrogen bond and the carbon-nitrogen bond in the hydrogen cyanide ( ) molecule?

Answers

The angle between the carbon-hydrogen bond and the carbon-nitrogen bond in the hydrogen cyanide ( ) molecule is 180 degrees

The HCN Lewis structure comprises three different atoms: hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen. It is a polar molecule with a bond angle of 180 degrees.Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) is a colorless, flammable, and poisonous liquid.

In the HCN Lewis structure, there is a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen and a single bond between C and H.A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water is called hydrocyanic acid. There are two sigma bonds, C-H and C-N.The bond between the C and the N in hydrogen cyanide is a triple bond.The hybrid orbital is sp, due to the linear geometry of the molecule.

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5.27x10^45 molecules of h20 is how many moles

Answers

Answer:

6.02 × 10^23 molecules = 1 mole

5.27 × 10^45 molecules = x

x = 5.27 × 10^45/ 6.02 × 10^23 × 1

= 8.754 × 10^21 mol

I don't know if it's correct but based on the question that was the only way I saw how to work it out

What does global wind mean

Answers

Answer:

Global winds are the main belts of wind that move in a particular direction across the earth

Answer:

Global winds are the main belts of wind that move in particular directions across the Earth.

Explanation:

All wind is caused by the uneven heating of Earth's surface, which sets convection currents in motion. Convection currents on a large scale cause global winds; convection currents on a small scale cause local winds.

hope that helps love!

All acid waves have three components: permanent waving lotion, neutralizer, and _____. Select one: a. activator b. prewrap c. conditioner d. stabilizer.

Answers

The correct answer is: a. activator. So, all acid waves have three components: permanent waving lotion, neutralizer, and activator.

The permanent waving lotion contains an acidic solution, which is applied to the hair to break down the bonds that hold the hair's shape. The neutralizer is then used to stop the chemical reaction and stabilize the new shape of the hair. The activator is used to activate the chemical reaction and ensure that the hair is properly permed.

It is important to note that the use of acid waves should only be performed by a trained and licensed professional, as improper use can result in damage to the hair and scalp.

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The density of water is 1.00 g/mL. If your swimming pool holds 208,000 gallons of water, what is the weight of the water in a filled swimming pool in tons? (1 ton = 2000 lb).
Hint: Look on your equation sheet for conversion factors

Answers

Answer:

12.455≈12.5 tons

Explanation:

1 US gallon of water (gal) = 8.35 pounds of water (lb wt.)

so we divide 208,000 by 8.35 to covert to pounds

then divide the pounds by 2000 to convert to tons.

State the formula for the phenotypic variance in a population, give a brief definition of each term?
Interpret the meaning of an H2 value (broad-sense heritability) that approaches 1.0
Interpret the meaning of the H2 value (broad-sense heritability)that approaches 0.0

Answers

The formula for the phenotypic variance in a population is the sum of the genetic variance and the environmental variance.

The genetic variance refers to the variation in a trait that can be attributed to genetic factors, while the environmental variance refers to the variation that can be attributed to environmental factors such as nutrition, climate, or social factors. Phenotypic variance can be used to understand the overall variation in a trait within a population and can be a valuable tool for predicting the potential impact of selective breeding or other genetic interventions.

When an H2 value (broad-sense heritability) approaches 1.0, it means that the majority of the variation in a trait is due to genetic factors. This suggests that the trait is highly heritable and that selective breeding or other genetic interventions are likely to be effective in producing desired changes in the population.

An H2 value that approaches 0.0, on the other hand, suggests that the variation in the trait is largely due to environmental factors. This means that selective breeding or other genetic interventions are likely to have limited impact on the trait in question, and that other approaches (such as environmental interventions) may be more effective in producing desired changes. In general, the higher the H2 value, the greater the potential impact of genetic interventions on a trait.

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What does the sun supply to a leaf?

starch
water
light energy
gas

Answers

The sun provides energy to the leaves through photosynthesis. It converts the sun's rays into sugar and provides energy to the leaves.

When sunlight hits the leaves packets of light called photons bounce off the chlorophyll molecules. In doing so it knocks electrons out of orbits around the magnesium atom. Electrons have a negative charge, so the loss of an electron produces a positively charged magnesium ion. Plants absorb energy from the sun through a process called photosynthesis to power processes necessary for survival.

Harvest the sun's energy with the help of chlorophyll in the cells of the leaves. Chlorophyll captures and packs energy from the sun's light in a process called photosynthesis. Leaves usually have a large surface area to maximize sunlight. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of sugars. The more light a plant is exposed to, the less chlorophyll it synthesizes.

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Metal (M) crystallizes in two allotropic cubic crystal modifications, one with a face-centered and the other with a body-centered crystal lattice. The face-centered cubic allotrope has a density of 6.35 g/cm3. Assuming that the atoms are identical in both allotropes, what is the density of the body. centered cubic allotrope?

Answers

Based on the information, the density of the body-centered cubic allotrope is 2.3625 g/cm³

How to calculate the density

The density of a crystal is given by the formula:

density = mass / volume

The mass of an atom of metal (M) is given by the molar mass divided by Avogadro's number:

mass = molar mass / Avogadro number

The volume of a face-centered cubic unit cell is given by:

volume = (4/3) * pi * r³

The volume of a body-centered cubic unit cell is given by:

volume = (8/3) * pi * r³

The density of the face-centered cubic allotrope is given by:

6.35 g/cm³ = (molar mass / Avogadro number) / (4/3) * pi * r³

= 6.35 g/cm³ * (4/3) * pi * r³

The density of the body-centered cubic allotrope is given by:

density = (molarmass / Avogadro number) / (8/3) * pi * r³

density = 6.35 g/cm³ * (3/4) * (4/3) * pi * r³ / (8/3) * pi * r³

density = 6.35 g/cm³ * (3/8) = 2.3625 g/cm³

Therefore, the density of the body-centered cubic allotrope is 2.3625 g/cm³

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2KCIO3 -- 2KCL+3o2 is a balanced equation
a) state what is a balanced equation
b) Give a reason why the above equation is balecand

Answers

Answer:

a) Balanced  equation:

An  equation is called balanced if there are same number and same type of atom on both sides of the equation.

b)Reason:

2KClO3--------2KCl + 3O2

Consider this equation in the reactants there are 2KClO3  and in the product there are 2KCl+3O2 . So reactants =products which is a case of balanced chemical equation .

Explanation:

In an experiment, the gram atomic mass of magnesium was determined to be 14.7. Compared to the accepted value of 24.3, the percent error for this determination was
39.5
1.65
24.7
98.4

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 39.5 %

Explanation:

The percentage error of a certain measurement can be found by using the formula

\(P(\%) = \frac{error}{actual \: \: number} \times 100\% \\\)

actual mass = 24.3

error = 24.3 - 14.7 = 9.6

We have

\(p(\%) = \frac{9.6}{24.3} \times 100 \\ = 39.506172839...\)

We have the final answer as

39.5 %

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When an atom is charged, it is called an ion. How many electrons are in O^2-?

When an atom is charged, it is called an ion. How many electrons are in O^2-?

Answers

Answer:

10 electrons

Explanation:

O2- indicates an ion of oxygen having two extra electrons. I.e., since an oxygen atom normally has 8 protons and 8 electrons, this ion has 10 electrons (-10 charge) and 8 protons (+8 charge) giving it a charge of -2 (-10 + 8 = -2).

How to rank alkenes in order of increasing heat of hydrogenation?

Answers

Considering the least stable object in the figure above, hydrogenation requires greater heat. B>A>C>D is the order in which heat evolved.

Which hydrogenation do you mean?

When hydrogen molecules are utilized to saturate organic compounds, the process is known as hydrogenation. Regardless of the type of hydrocarbon, this process works best under specific catalytic conditions and under controlled temperatures.

In a hydrogenation reaction, what happens?

Introduction. Processes like hydrogenation are an illustration of just an alkene addition reaction. An alkene undergoes a hydrogenation reaction, which produces a saturated alkane by adding two hydrogen atoms across the double bond.

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