7. Calculate the change in entropy when one mole of ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 1 atm to 100 atm by exploiting Maxwell relations.

\(3.4 \times {10}^{ - 12} \)

Multiply first and then divide

The reason you observed a pH of 12 instead of 7 after mixing 5 drops of 0.10 M HCl with 5 drops of NaOH is likely because you added an excess of NaOH, leading to a basic solution rather than a neutral solution.

A neutral solution is a type of solution that has a pH value of 7, which is considered to be neither acidic nor alkaline (basic). The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. This means that the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution. In a neutral solution, the number of H+ ions is exactly balanced by the number of OH- ions, resulting in a balanced and stable solution.

A neutral solution is essential for many chemical reactions and industrial processes, such as the production of pharmaceuticals and food products. It is also important for maintaining the natural balance of the environment, as many organisms require a neutral pH for survival.

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From the mole ratio CO₂ and CS₂ in the reaction, the moles of CO₂ produced is 0.109 moles.

The mole ratio of the reaction is the ratio in which the reactants combine to form products.

The mole ratio of the reaction is obtained from the equation of the reaction.

The equation of the reaction is given below:

Mole ratio of CO₂ and CS₂ is 1 : 1

Moles of CS₂ reacting = mass/molar mass

Molar mass of CS₂ is 76 g/mol

Mass of CS₂ reacting is 8.28 g

Moles of CS₂ reacting = 8.28/76

Moles of CS₂ reacting = 0.109 moles

Based on the mole ratio of the reaction, moles of CO₂ produced is 0.109 moles.

In conclusion, the moles of CO₂ produced is determined from the mole ratio CO₂ and CS₂ in the reaction.

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To dilute the solution to 0.25 M, ml of water must be added to 300 ml of 0.75 M HCl is a. 600 mm.

To dilute the solution from 0.75 M to 0.25 M, we need to decrease the concentration of HCl (hydrochloric acid) in the solution. We can use the formula for dilution of a solution to calculate the volume of water that must be added:

C1 * V1 = C2 * V2

Where:

C1 = initial concentration (0.75 M)

V1 = initial volume (300 ml)

C2 = final concentration (0.25 M)

V2 = final volume (V1 + V added)

Rearranging the equation to solve for V added:

C1 * V1 = C2 * V2

V2 = (C1 * V1 ) / C2

     = 0.75 * 300 / 0.25

     = 900

Since V2 = V1 + V added then

V added = V2 - V1

              = 900 - 300

              = 600

Hence, total water that must be added is a. 600 ml

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Answer:

See answer below

Explanation:

To do this, you need to write down the chemical reaction giving place here.

As this is to explain the thermodynamics of the borax-borate reaction, the general reaction is as follow:

Na₂B₄O₅(OH)₄.8H₂O(s) <---------> 2Na⁺(aq) + B₄O₅(OH)₄²⁻(aq) + 8H₂O(l)

Where:

Na₂B₄O₅(OH)₄.8H₂O(s) = Borax

B₄O₅(OH)₄²⁻(aq) = Borate ion

Now, in order to calculate the concentration of borate, this compound undergoes a titration with HCl. The reaction that takes place here is:

B₄O₅(OH)₄²⁻(aq) + 2HCl + 3H₂O <---------> 4H₃BO₃(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq)

According to this reaction, it takes 2 moles of HCl to completely react with the borate ion, therefore, the expression to calculate the concentration will be:

2 nHCl = nB₄O₅(OH)₄²⁻

2M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

Replacing the data of concentration and volume of both compounds we have:

2 * 0.1006 * 23.33 = 10M₂

M₂ = 2 * 0.1006 * 23.33 / 10

M₂ = 0.4693 M

This is the concentration of the borate. Now, to calculate the Ksp we need to write the equilibrium reaction taking place with the borax:

Na₂B₄O₅(OH)₄.8H₂O(s) <---------> 2Na⁺(aq) + B₄O₅(OH)₄²⁻(aq) + 8H₂O(l)

Ksp = [B₄O₅(OH)₄²⁻] [Na⁺]²

As we already have the concentration of borax, we can also know the concentration of sodium. If we call concentration as "s" (Stands for solubility), and rewrite the expression of Ksp:

Ksp = s * (2s)²

Finally, replacing the value of the concentration we have:

Ksp = (0.4693) (2*0.4693)²

Ksp = 0.4693 * 0.881

Ksp = 0.4134

Hope this helps

A balanced equation obey the law of conservation of mass. According to law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor be destroyed.

A balanced chemical equation is an equation in which the number of atoms of reactants and products on both sides of the equation are balanced. The coefficients are the numbers which are used to balance the chemical equation.

The decomposition of potassium chlorate is:

2KClO₃ (s) + heat → 2KCl (s) + 3O₂ (g)

Here the number of 'K', 'Cl' and 'O' atoms are equal on both sides of the equation.

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The average rate of appearance of oxygen is 342.42 torr*s^-1.

From the balanced chemical equation: 2O3(g) → 3O2(g), we know that for every two moles of O3 consumed, three moles of O2 are produced. Therefore, the rate of appearance of O2 is related to the rate of disappearance of O3 by the stoichiometric coefficients:

rate of appearance of O2 = (3/2) * rate of disappearance of O3

Substituting the given value for the rate of disappearance of O3:

rate of appearance of O2 = (3/2) * 228.28 torr*s^-1

Simplifying the expression:

rate of appearance of O2 = 342.42 torr*s^-1

Therefore, the average rate of appearance of oxygen is 342.42 torr*s^-1.

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Answer:

a) Barney wants to repeat the rutheford experiment

b) the element will be in row 8 column 1 being an alkali metal

c) it should be a radioactive element, with a lot of mass

Explanation:

n this exercise they indicate that the particle Gz has atomic number 119 and atomic mass 305 amu, when reviewing the element periodicity table with this atomic number it has not yet been discovered, it should be in row 8 column 1 therefore it should be an alkali metal .

Therefore, it has only one electron in its last orbit.

a) Barney wants to repeat the rutheford experiment

b) the element will be in row 8 column 1 being an alkali metal

c) it should be a radioactive element, with a lot of mass

Answer:

it adds up to 25000 grams

150.0 g of ice absorbs 49.97 kJ of heat as it melts at 0°C.

To calculate the amount of heat absorbed by 150.0 g of ice as it melts at 0°C, we need to use the heat of fusion of water, which is the amount of heat required to melt one mole of a substance at its melting point. For water, the heat of fusion is 6.01 kJ/mol.

The first step is to determine the number of moles of ice present in 150.0 g,

n = m/M

n = 150.0 g / 18.02 g/mol

n = 8.32 mol

Next, we can use the heat of fusion to calculate the amount of heat absorbed by the ice as it melts,

q = n x ΔHfus

q = 8.32 mol x 6.01 kJ/mol

q = 49.97 kJ

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The first plateau represents the boiling point of the pure solvent. This is explained in the below section.

Boiling point elevation refers back to the growth withinside the boiling factor of a solvent upon the addition of a solute. When a non-unstable solute is introduced to a solvent, the ensuing solution has a better boiling factor than that of the natural solvent. Boiling-factor elevation describes the phenomenon that the boiling factor of a liquid can be better whilst any other compound is introduced, which means that an answer has a better boiling factor than a natural solvent. This takes place every time a non-unstable solute, including a salt, is introduced to a natural solvent, including water.

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The concentration in mass-volume percent of the solution is: 5.45 %

To solve this problem the formula and the procedure that we have to use is:

% m/v = m(solute)/v(solution) * 100

Where

Information about the problem:

Applying the concentration formula  we get:

% m/v = m(solute)/v(solution) * 100

% m/v = (13.9 g/255 ml) * 100

% m/v = 0.0545 *100

% m/v =5.45 %

In chemistry a solution is known as a homogeneous mixture of two or more components called:

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Answer:

Visible light waves let you see the world around you. The different frequencies of visible light are experienced by people as the colors of the rainbow.

Explanation:

The action by industry leaders that would directly address the causes of global warming is to reduce the production of greenhouse gases.

Global warming is the phenomenon in which the average overall temperature of the earth increases over time resulting in drastic changes that occurs on the earth.

The effects of global warming include the following:

The major cause of global warming has been identified as the excessive release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

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Answer:

Last Quarter also called Third Quarter.

Explanation:

Therefore, 9.49 grams of water is expected in the given 3.21 g sample of CuSO4 • 10H2O.

To determine the number of water molecules in the given hydrate, CuSO4 • 10H2O, we'll need to find out the molar mass of the compound and the molar mass of water to make a comparison.

The molar mass of CuSO4 • 10H2O is calculated as:

CuSO4 → 159.6 g/mol10H2O → 180.16 g/mol (18.016 g/mol × 10)CuSO4 • 10H2O → 159.6 g/mol + 180.16 g/mol

= 339.76 g/mol (rounded to three significant figures)

Thus, we can see that the molar mass of CuSO4 • 10H2O is 339.76 g/mol.

We know that this hydrate consists of ten molecules of water, each having a molar mass of 18.016 g/mol (which is the same as the molar mass of water), and one molecule of CuSO4 with a molar mass of 159.6 g/mol.

Therefore, the number of moles of water in the sample is:

(10 × 18.016 g/mol) ÷ 339.76 g/mol = 0.527 moles

So, the mass of water is equal to its molar mass multiplied by the number of moles.

The mass of water is:

0.527 mol × 18.016 g/mol = 9.49 g

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Explanation:

\(CH _{3}CH _{2}COOCH _{2} CH _{2}CH _{2}CH _{2}CH _{2}CH _{3}\)

NAME: Hexylpropenoate

B

The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is a basic solution, so the pH of that solution should be close to 14

then when adding hydrochloric acid (HCl) we start to neutralice the solution, meaning the pH must sift slowly to lower pH.

Assuming both solutions have similar concentration the pH shall shift form basic (above 7) to acid pH (below 7). Until now both B and D images agreed with the explanation given. To chose between them we need to remember that HCl is a very strong acid, which means that in solution will get to very acid solutions (very low pH values) which leaves only B as possible answer

Answer:

The correct answer is B. 1-propanamine.

Explanation:

Amines can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, which makes them soluble in water. The more hydrogen bonding sites an amine has, the more soluble it will be in water.

Out of the given options, 1-propanamine has only one carbon chain, which allows it to form more hydrogen bonds with water molecules compared to amine molecules with longer carbon chains. Also, it does not have any other functional groups that could interfere with hydrogen bonding. Therefore, 1-propanamine would be the most soluble in water.

Hope it helps!

Pressure has little effect on the solubility of liquids and solids because they are almost incompressible. This statement is True. Solid solubility hardly gets affected by changes in pressure.

A substance's physical and chemical characteristics affect how soluble it is. A few other factors and circumstances can also influence it. A few of them are: temperature, pressure, type of binding, and forces between the particles.

Pressure has a significantly greater impact on gases than it does on solids and liquids. The likelihood of a gas's solubility also increases as its partial pressure rises. One instance of how CO2 is stored under high pressure is in a soda bottle.

In like, like dissolves.

Each molecule has a unique set of intermolecular forces and connections. The likelihood of solubility between two dissimilar compounds is less likely than that between like substances. For instance, ethanol is highly soluble in water, a polar solvent, whereas water is not.

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Answer:

Option C: A positively charged nucleus sits at the center of an atom.

Explanation:

Thompson’s plum pudding model was a model proposed by Thompson to show that an atom consisted of more than one fundamental unit.

In Thompson's model, he suggested that the atom consisted of a cloud of positive charges which were surrounded by electrons which are negative charges distributed throughout.

Now, Thompson's experiment was later rejected by Ernest Rutherford when he carried out the gold foil experiment and came to the conclusion where he proposed a model that the atom consisted of mainly empty space and that all its positive charge are concentrated at its center and further surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

From the given options, the correct one is Option C.

Answer: Option C: A positively charged nucleus sits at the center of an atom.

Explanation:

The freezing point of the solution is - 2.15.

The freezing point is the point at which a liquid is changed to solid. We can use the formula;

ΔT = K m I

ΔT = temperature change

K = freezing constant of benzene

m = molality

i = Van't Hoff factor

Now;

ΔT =  5.12°C/m * 0.655 m  * 1

ΔT = 3.35°C

ΔT = Freezing point of pure benzene - Freezing point of solution  

Freezing point of solution  = ΔT -  Freezing point of pure benzene

= 3.35°C -  5.5 °C = - 2.15

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Answer:

2.143 degrees celsius

Explanation:

Answer:

The Five-Column Chart is a useful tool for summarizing your investigation. In the case of your investigation involving solids, the chart would include columns for Properties, Examples, Uses, Interactions and Special Characteristics. In the Properties column, you would list the physical and chemical properties of solids, such as shape, texture, melting point, boiling point and solubility. The Examples column would list examples of solids, such as metals, plastics and rocks. The Uses column would list the various uses of solids, such as in construction, engineering and medicine. The Interactions column would list how solids interact with each other, such as through adhesion, cohesion and friction. Finally, the Special Characteristics column would list any special characteristics of solids, such as their electrical conductivity or magnetic properties.

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The energy released = 17.59 MeV per deuterium/tritium reaction pair (mass = 5 amu). The energy released per kilogram of fuel used is approximately 3.382 x \(10^{14}\) Joules.

To determine the energy released per kilogram of fuel used, we need to follow these steps:
Step 1: Convert MeV to Joules
Given that 1 MeV = 1.6 x \(10^{-13}\) J and the energy released per deuterium/tritium reaction pair is 17.59 MeV, we first convert this value to Joules:
17.59 MeV * (1.6 x \(10^{-13}\) J/MeV) = 2.8144 x \(10^{-12}\) J
Step 2: Calculate moles of reactions in 1 kg of fuel
Given that 1 mole of tritium plus 1 mole of deuterium (total molar mass = 5 grams) is considered a mole of reactions, we need to determine how many moles of reactions are in 1 kilogram of fuel:
1 kg = 1000 g
1000 g / 5 g/mole = 200 moles of reactions
Step 3: Calculate the total energy released per kilogram of fuel
Now we can find the total energy released per kilogram of fuel by multiplying the energy per reaction (in Joules) by the number of moles of reactions in 1 kg of fuel:
2.8144 x \(10^{-12}\) J/reaction * 200 moles * (6.022 x \(10^{23}\) reactions/mole) = 3.382 x \(10^{14}\) J/kg

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The total pressure of the mixture is 359.5 torr, that is calculated by using ideal gas equation.

Volume of N2, V1=4.0 L

Pressure of N2, P1=450 Torr=450/760 atm

Thus, number of moles of N2, n1= P1V1/RT

=(450/760)*4/0.082*338

=0.085 mol

Similarly,

Volume of O2, V2=3.5 L

Pressure of O2, P2=252 Torr=252/760 atm

Thus, number of moles of O2, n2= P2V2/RT

=(252/760)*3.5/0.082*338

=0.042 mol

Similarly,

Volume of CO2, V3=0.21 L

Pressure of CO2, P3=150 Torr=150/760 atm

Thus, number of moles of CO2, n3= P3V3/RT

=(2150/760)*30.21/0.082*338

=0.001 mol

Total number of moles = n1+n2+n3

=(0.085+0.042+0.21)

=0.128 mol

Total volume, V=7.5 L

Using, ideal gas law

Thus, total pressure, P=nRT/V

=0.128*0.082*338/7.5 atm

=0.473 atm

=0.473*760

=359.5 torr

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Answer:

- energy released by nuclear reaction is much greater than energy released by chemical reaction.

Explanation:

This is because nuclear bombs rely on nuclear reactions, which release energy from the splitting of atomic nuclei or the merging of atomic nuclei, whereas non-nuclear bombs rely on chemical reactions, which involve the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. Nuclear reactions release many orders of magnitude more energy than chemical reactions, resulting in much greater destructive power.

The statement that is true is :a. The strength and stiffness of a polymer increases with an increase in crystallinity.

The degree of ordering or arrangement of polymer chains in a solid polymer is referred to as crystallinity. A polymer's chains are highly arranged and densely packed when it has a high degree of crystallinity, which improves strength and stiffness.

This is because superior load transfer and deformation resistance are made possible by the regular arrangement of polymer chains.

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Answer:

The final pressure is approximately 0.78 atm

Explanation:

The original temperature of the gas, T₁ = 263.0 K

The final temperature of the gas, T₂ = 298.0 K

The original volume of the gas, V₁ = 24.0 liters

The final volume of the gas, V₂ = 35.0 liters

The original pressure of the gas, P₁ = 1.00 atm

Let P₂ represent the final pressure, we get;

\(\dfrac{P_1 \cdot V_1}{T_1} = \dfrac{P_2 \cdot V_2}{T_2}\)

\(P_2 = \dfrac{P_1 \cdot V_1 \cdot T_2}{T_1 \cdot V_2}\)

\(P_2 = \dfrac{1 \times 24.0 \times 298}{263.0 \times 35.0} = 0.776969038566\)

∴ The final pressure P₂ ≈ 0.78 atm.