A 2.0 kg sponge is dropped from rest, pulled down by gravity. After 6.0 seconds, taking into account the force of air resistance acting on it, the sponge will be traveling at a speed of 43.8 m/s.
To determine this, we can apply the principles of Newton's second law of motion. According to this law, the net force acting on an object is equal to its mass multiplied by its acceleration. In this case, we must consider the forces of gravity and air resistance.
First, we calculate the force of gravity acting on the sponge using the formula \(F_g_r_a_v_i_t_y\)= m * g, where m represents the mass of the sponge and g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s² on Earth).
\(F_g_r_a_v_i_t_y\) = (2.0 kg) * (9.8 m/s²) = 19.6 N
Given that the force of air resistance is 5.0 N in the opposite direction, we can determine the net force acting on the sponge by subtracting the force of air resistance from the force of gravity:
Net force = \(F_g_r_a_v_i_t_y\) - \(F_a_i_r_r_e_s_i_s_t_a_n_c_e\) = 19.6 N - 5.0 N = 14.6 N
Next, we can apply Newton's second law to find the acceleration of the sponge:
Net force = m * a
14.6 N = (2.0 kg) * a
a = 14.6 N / 2.0 kg = 7.3 m/s²
Using the kinematic equation v = u + at, where v represents the final velocity, u is the initial velocity (0 m/s since the sponge starts from rest), a is the acceleration, and t is the time:
v = u + at
v = 0 m/s + (7.3 m/s²) * (6.0 s)
v = 0 m/s + 43.8 m/s
v = 43.8 m/s
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a maciromwave an an eray are traveling in a vacuum compared to the wavelnegth and period of the microwave the x ray hasa wavelnegth that is
A maciromwave and an X-ray are traveling in a vacuum compared to the wavelnegth and period of the microwave, the X-ray has a wavelnegth that is shorter than that of a microwave
A microwave and an X-ray are both electromagnetic waves that travel through a vacuum, they differ in their wavelength and frequency. The wavelength of an X-ray is shorter than that of a microwave. The wavelength and period of a wave are inversely proportional. This means that as the wavelength decreases, the frequency and period increase. This is the case for X-rays, which have a high frequency and short period compared to microwaves.
In terms of energy, X-rays have more energy than microwaves due to their shorter wavelength. This allows X-rays to penetrate materials more easily and be used in medical imaging. In conclusion, the wavelength and period of a wave are inversely related. X-rays have a shorter wavelength and higher frequency compared to microwaves, allowing them to have more energy and penetrate materials more easily. So therefore the wavelength of an X-ray is shorter than that of a microwave.
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the electrostatic force may be written as . in principle, if we set up an experiment with two charged objects and measure the force between them at various distances, the result should follow this theory. if we plot the data as vs. , how should the graph appear?
The idea that two metals will transmit electrons to one another when they come into contact, creating an electrical triple layer and an attractive force, is where the electrostatic hypothesis got its start.
In layman's words, what is electrostatic force?Electrostatic force is the force a charged body applies to another charge or uncharged body as a result of that body's charge. Examples: 1. Paper fragments are drawn to plastic that has been touched by wool, hair, or fur. 2.
What kind of force is electrostatic?Examples of electrostatic interaction are: With the aid of a comb, we can create electrostatic force when we run a paper piece through the oils in our heads. When one balloon is brushed with hair, the other balloon becomes drawn to it.
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PLZ HELP
The muscle that is directly in front of the Tircep is called what:
a
Bicep
b
Quad
c
Obliques
Question 2 (50 points)
The reason the muscle is called the Tricep, is that it contains three different muscles.
True
False
If the escalator pulls you up a slope of 30.0o and moves with a velocity of 3.10m/s. What is the vertical component of your velocity? What is the horizontal component of your velocity?
Answer:
\(1.55\ \text{m/s}\)
\(2.68\ \text{m/s}\)
Explanation:
v = Velocity of the elevator = 3.1 m/s
\(\theta\) = Angle of the slope = \(30^{\circ}\)
Vertical component is given by
\(v_y=v\sin\theta\\\Rightarrow v_y=3.1\sin30^{\circ}\\\Rightarrow v_y=1.55\ \text{m/s}\)
The vertical component of the velocity is \(1.55\ \text{m/s}\).
Horizontal component is given by
\(v_x=v\cos\theta\\\Rightarrow v_x=3.1\times \cos30^{\circ}\\\Rightarrow v_x=2.68\ \text{m/s}\)
The horizontal component of the velocity is \(2.68\ \text{m/s}\).
HELLPPPPPPPPPPP
Which action would directly result in a bill becoming a law?
Responses
The Senate and House of Representatives forming a committee to reach a compromise on a bill.
The Senate and House of Representatives voting on the finalized bill.
The President vetoing the bill and sending it back to Congress.
2/3 of Congress voting to override the President's veto.
The Senate and House of Representatives voting on the finalized bill.
Once a bill has been introduced, it must be passed by both the Senate and the House of Representatives in identical form.
What is Veto Power?
Veto power is the power of an individual or group to reject a decision or proposal made by others. In a political context, veto power is often held by the executive branch of government, such as a president or a governor, who can veto a bill passed by the legislative branch, such as a parliament or a congress. By vetoing a bill, the executive can prevent it from becoming law, unless the veto is overridden by a supermajority of the legislative branch.
If the bill is passed by both the Senate and the House of Representatives, it is then sent to the President for signature. If the President vetoes the bill, Congress can override the veto with a two-thirds vote in both the House and Senate. Once a bill has been enacted, it becomes a law and is part of the United States Code.
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If the local government in Parksville, British Columbia, decided to put on a public Canada Day parade, how would the parade be classified?A) a public goodB) rival in consumptionc) a common resourced) excludable
The Canada Day parade organized by the local government in Parksville, British Columbia would likely be classified as a public good.
The Canada Day parade organized by the local government in Parksville, British Columbia provides a valuable public service. It is a non-excludable and non-rivalrous good that can benefit all members of the community. As a non-excludable good, everyone is free to take part in the parade regardless of their ability to pay.
Similarly, it is a non-rivalrous good, which means that one person's consumption does not reduce the amount available for another. In this way, the Canada Day parade serves as an excellent example of a public good.
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name atleast two avantages of using models in sciece
The main advantage of using models in science is the chance to predict a given outcome and make new predictions.
What are scientific models?The expression 'scientific models' makes reference to all advancements associated with the use of scientific claims, especially scientific theories that are well sustained by empirical evidence and the chance to prove these claims before their usage.
The scientific advantages are mainly associated with the possibility to predict the result of phenomena from the real world, which also allows for making new predictions.
In conclusion, the main advantage of using models in science is the chance to predict a given outcome and make new predictions.
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Which of the following is true for sound waves?
They require a medium
They are unrelated to vibrations.
They can travel in a vacuum
They cannot travel through liquids
None of the above
Explanation:
Answer
λ α
f
1
Wave velocity = Wavelength × Frequency
Thus, we can say that wavelength is inversely proportional to the frequency.
FALSE - Only electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum; mechanical waves such as sound waves require a particle-interaction to transport their energy. There are no particles in a vacuum.
temperature is a measure of the average energy of particles in a substance.
a. true
b. false
Temperature is a measure of the average energy of particles in a substance is true.
Temperature is indeed a measure of the average energy of particles in a substance. Temperature reflects the kinetic energy of the particles, which is related to their random motion. In a substance, the particles are in constant motion, and their individual energies contribute to the overall temperature of the substance. A higher temperature indicates that, on average, the particles possess greater energy and are moving more vigorously. Conversely, a lower temperature signifies lower average energy and slower particle motion. Temperature is typically measured using various scales, such as Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin, and it serves as a fundamental parameter in thermodynamics and many other scientific disciplines.
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the enthalpy of 36 g g of water vapor increases by 1830 j j when its temperature increases from 150∘c ∘ c to 175∘c ∘ c . assume that water vapor is an ideal gas.
The enthalpy of 36 g g of water vapor increases by 1830 j j when its temperature increases from 150∘c to 175∘c is 1830 J.
The enthalpy of 36 g of water vapor increases by 1830 J when its temperature increases from 150°C to 175°C. Assuming water vapor is an ideal gas, the change in enthalpy can be calculated using the following equation:
ΔH = Cp * m * ΔT
Where Cp is the specific heat capacity of the gas, m is the mass of the gas, and ΔT is the change in temperature. In this case, Cp = 1.88 J/g°C, m = 36 g, and ΔT = 25°C. Therefore, the change in enthalpy is:
ΔH = 1.88 * 36 * 25 = 1830 J.
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Which describes a molecule? (Select all that apply.)
It can be one element by itself.
It can be the combination of different neutrons.
It can be two or more different elements combined.
It can be two or more of the same elements combined together. please help!
Answer:
a molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or
more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Explanation:
Answer:
It can be two or more of the same elements combined together.
It can be one element by itself.
Explanation:
Q3. A plane has reached cruising altitude at 36,000ft. What is the density of O
2
at that height, relative to sea-level? Assume that temperatures do not differ with increased altitude. (3 points)
The density of O2 at cruising altitude, relative to sea-level, is approximately 0.379 times the density at sea-level.
The density of O2 at cruising altitude of 36,000ft, relative to sea-level, can be calculated using the relationship between pressure and altitude. At higher altitudes, the pressure decreases, which affects the density of gases.
To find the density of O2 at cruising altitude, we can compare the pressure at that height to the pressure at sea-level. The pressure decreases with altitude, so we need to determine the ratio of the pressures.
Assuming the temperature does not differ with increased altitude, we can use the ideal gas law equation:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
At sea-level, the pressure is around 1 atmosphere (atm). At cruising altitude, the pressure is lower. The relationship between pressure and altitude can be approximated using the barometric formula:
\(P = P0\cdot e^(-h/H)\)
where P0 is the pressure at sea-level, e is the base of the natural logarithm, h is the altitude, and H is the scale height.
In this case, we can substitute the given values: P0 = 1 atm, h = 36,000ft, and H = 8,400ft (approximately).
Using the barometric formula, we can calculate the pressure at cruising altitude:
\(P = 1 atm \cdot e^(-36,000ft/8,400ft)\)
P ≈ 0.379 atm
Now, to find the density of O2 at cruising altitude relative to sea-level, we can use the ideal gas law. The number of moles remains constant, so we can compare the densities using the ratio of the pressures:
Density at cruising altitude / Density at sea-level = Pressure at cruising altitude / Pressure at sea-level
Density at cruising altitude / Density at sea-level = 0.379 atm / 1 atm
Density at cruising altitude / Density at sea-level ≈ 0.379
Therefore, the density of O2 at cruising altitude, relative to sea-level, is approximately 0.379 times the density at sea-level.
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A sound wave has a speed of 339 m/s and frequency of 640 hz. What is the wavelength of this wave?
A. 0.5 meters
B. 0.42 meters
C. 0.79 meters
D. 1.22 meters
A sound wave has a speed of 339 m/s and frequency of 640 hz. 0.5 meters is the wavelength of this wave.
Hence, the correct option is A.
We can use the formula
Wavelength = speed of sound wave / frequency
Substituting the given values
Wavelength = 339 m/s / 640 Hz
Wavelength = 0.5296875 m
Rounding off to two significant figures, we get
Wavelength ≈ 0.53 m
Wavelength = 0.5 m
Therefore, 0.5 meters is the wavelength of this wave.
Hence, the correct option is A.
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The kinetic and potential energies of an object both always depend on which property?.
Answer:
the object's position.
Explanation: might help ion know
Module 3 Discussion!
After reading Ch.12 and 13 of the text (The essentials of Finance and Accounting for nonfinancial managers/ Third Edition) on Strategy and Financial Forecasting, watching the SWOT video based on Paley’s Products from the Ratio Analysis in Module 2 and the additional narrative information in Appendix C, Phase
Create a SWOT analysis that will reflect the TOWS analysis as described in Ch. 12 of the text. The purpose of the SWOT analysis is to lay out several issues and possibilities to be considered in Paley’s strategic planning. The strengths and weaknesses are internal issues, whereas the opportunities and threats are external.
The second part of the analysis is to create actions based on the SWOTs. This is sometimes called a TOWS analysis and is done by comparing the boxes, two at a time:
Offensive actions come from strengths that link to opportunities, so a specific strength can be applied to exploit an opportunity.
Adjusting actions come from addressing weaknesses, which then can be used to exploit opportunities that previously had not been possible.
Turnaround actions come from weaknesses that link to threats. These are high-risk issues where a priority needs to be given to addressing the weakness to minimize the vulnerability.
Defensive actions come from threats that link to strengths. These are latent issues because if the threat materializes, an already-existing strength is available to counter it.
Additional actions can be included to address other issues not directly identified in the SWOTs.
3. From the actions identified in part 2, pick 3-5 strategic actions that you feel Paley must achieve or at least start in the upcoming year and state your reasons for including them.
Attach your completed SWOT form and list of strategic actions with supporting logic and facts from the case as your answer for this discussion question. These actions are the foundation for the strategic plan
SWOT Analysis Strengths- Paley’s Products has a low overhead cost with the company operating at a high level of efficiency, resulting in competitive pricing.- They have a team of experienced employees who have worked in the industry for several years.- They have a variety of products in the portfolio that can satisfy customers from different sectors.- They are reputable and have a loyal customer base.Weaknesses- They have been slow to adopt new technology, and this may be a disadvantage to the company.- Limited marketing and sales promotion are affecting their sales revenue.-
They depend on a few key customers for the bulk of their sales revenue, leaving them vulnerable to market changes.Opportunities- Expansion of the product line to include unique products.- The establishment of strategic partnerships with other businesses in the industry.- Exploration of new markets, such as international markets.- Improvement of marketing techniques to increase brand awareness.Threats- Changes in consumer preferences towards environmentally friendly products.- Increase in competition from other businesses in the industry.- Fluctuating market prices for raw materials that may lead to price increases.
Strategic Actions to be taken by Paley Products1. Development of an E-commerce platform to allow online transactions with customers. The E-commerce platform will enable Paley to reach a wider customer base, expand its reach, and increase sales revenue.2. Investment in the research and development of new environmentally friendly products. Paley will remain competitive and cater to the needs of consumers who prefer green products.3. Establishment of strategic partnerships with other businesses in the industry to leverage the strength of other companies in the industry and to develop new products or increase market share.4. Improvement of marketing techniques to increase brand awareness and improve visibility. A marketing strategy that incorporates social media and other digital channels can help promote the brand to potential customers.5. Expansion into international markets. This will enable Paley to diversify its customer base and generate more revenue. Paley can start by targeting nearby countries, then expand globally as they gain more experience and financial stability.
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How far does a freely falling apple drop in 7.0 s after being released from rest?
Answer:
The distance traveled by the apply after being released is 127.45 m.
Explanation:
The given parameters;
time of motion of the apple, t = 5.1 s
initial velocity of the apple, u = 0
The distance traveled by the apply is calculated by applying second kinematic equation as shown below.
Assuming downward motion to be positive.
ok oh if i need any answers just asking i'll help you
50 POINTS!!!! pls answer 1-5 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! PLEASE
The velocity is defined as the rate of change of displacement per unit time and the unit of velocity is m/s. Velocity is of two types and they are average velocity and instantaneous velocity.
A) From the given graph, object B traveled faster when compared with object A. Because the speed of object B increases gradually with time whereas the speed of object A decreases with time. Hence, object B travels faster.
B)The velocity increases with time 2s to 4s. The velocity is defined as the rate of change displacement by time taken. v = Δx/Δt, where Δx is the change in displacement and Δt is the time taken. Δx = final.dis - initial dis = 0-(-4) = 0+4 = 4 m. Δt = final.time-ini.time = 4-2 = 2s. Thus, the velocity v = 4/2 = 2 m/s. Hence, the velocity increases gradually.
C) The acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity per unit time. From the given graph, the change in velocity does not change, and hence Δv = 0. Acceleration a = Δv/Δt = 0. Thus, the acceleration of the object is zero.
D) Acceleration (a) is the rate of velocity per unit time and the unit of velocity is m/s². Acceleration (a) = Δv/Δt, where Δv is the change in velocity. Δv = final.velocity - initial.velocity = 8-(-2) = 8+2 = 10 m/s. Δt = final. time-initial. time = 7-3 = 4s. a = 10/4=2.5m/s². Hence, the acceleration is 2.5m/s².
E) Force is the product of mass and acceleration. From the given, the force moves in both forward and backward directions, and hence, force is a vector quantity. F(net) = F₁+F₂=18 - 6 = 12N. The mass of the cart is 2kg.
F = ma
a = F/m
= 12/2
= 6 m/s²
Thus, the acceleration of the cart with a mass of 2kg is 6 m.s⁻².
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Plssssss help me no one wants to help me——— power plants use generators to generate electricity for homes and businesses. Some generators work by spinning a coil of wire inside a magnet, as shown in the image. To keep the coil of wire spinning, it’s often attached to a turbine, which is s as n axle with fan blades. Different kinds of power plants use different methods to spin the turbine to make electricity. What’s one way a power plant might spin the turbine?
Answer:
There are a many ways to produce electricity. Electrons can flow between certain different materials providing a current, as in a common battery. While reliable and portable, chemical batteries run down quickly. To provide the large amounts of steady power demanded by modern societies, large power plants have been built. Most power plants make electricity with a machine called a generator.
A 1925 Turbine Rotor
A 1925 turbine rotor for a Westinghouse generator, Image #21.035, Science Service Historical Image Collection, National Museum of American History
Generators have two important parts: the rotor (which rotates) and the stator (which remains stationary). Generators use the principle of electro-magnetic induction, which exploits the relation between magnetism and electricity. In large AC generators, an outer shell with powerful magnets rotates around a stationary "armature" which is wound with heavy wire. As they move, the magnets induce an electric current in the wire.
It is important to recognize that electricity is not mined or harvested, it must be manufactured. And since it's not easily stored in quantity, it must be manufactured at time of demand. Electricity is a form of energy, but not an energy source. Different generating plants harness different energy sources to make electric power. The two most common types are "Thermal Plants" and "Kinetic Plants".
a piece of fruit is falling from a tree.
what 4 types of energy are possessed by the falling fruit?
Answer:
gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, total energy, and final velocity.
Explanation:
hope this helps.
a 1.1-kg projectile is fired from level ground. the vertical component of the initial velocity is 62 m/s and the horizontal component is 83 m/s. ignore air resistance and the curvature of the earth in this problem. how far in meters does the projectile travel horizontally?
V was pulled off at a 9.2 km/s clip by us. Three metres per second is equivalent to 9.3 into 10 times.
To avoid wasting too much energy, we need to determine the projectile's highest point. Every project possesses some form of energy, which it will transform into potential energy and use to grow to its highest point
.What causes horizontal motion?A projectile that oscillates over a horizontal plane in response to external forces is said to be travelling horizontally. The vertical and horizontal motions of the projectile are independent of one another and parallel across short distances.
What is a natural instance of horizontal motion?Motion to the side: In the absence of an impediment, a motion
Let's designate v for vertical velocity and u for horizontal velocity.
Say the horizontal distance (R) is equal to the horizontal velocity (u) times the flying duration (t). In mathematics, R = u T.
But first, we need a flight time (t). Utilizing the equation of motion, which is
v1=v0+at
In this case, v0=20,v1=0,a=g=9.81m/s2, negative because the projectile decelerates as it goes upward. From this point, the projectile's maximum height(t) calculation yields a time of 2.04 seconds.
Given that the flight's time (T) = 2t = 4.08 seconds, the horizontal distance (R) is equal to u T 30 4.08 = 122.4 meters.
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If the same force is applied to two different objects, why does the larger mass have the smaller acceleration?
Answer:
this is why the larger object has a smaller acceleration
Explanation:
According to Newton’s Second Law, when the same force is applied to two objects of different masses, the object with greater mass will experience a smaller acceleration and the object with less mass will experience a greater acceleration. .
the larger mass will also have a larger weight because of gravity
A baseball is thrown straight up with a velocity of 60 m/s. C) how many seconds later will the baseball reach its maximum height?
The baseball will reach its maximum height after approximately 6.11 seconds using equations of motion where velocity is given
When a baseball is thrown straight up with an initial velocity of 60 m/s, it will eventually reach a maximum height before falling back down due to gravity. To determine how many seconds later the baseball will reach its maximum height, we need to use the equations of motion.
The equation we can use to find the time taken for the baseball to reach its maximum height is:
t = Vf / g
where t is the time taken, Vf is the final velocity (which is zero at the maximum height), and g is the acceleration due to gravity, which is approximately \(9.81 m/s^2\).
Substituting:
t = 60 / 9.81
t ≈ 6.11 seconds
Therefore, the baseball will reach its maximum height after approximately 6.11 seconds. After this point, the baseball will begin to fall back down to the ground due to the force of gravity, with its velocity increasing at a rate of \(9.81 m/s^2\)
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Pls will give brainliest!! How is an atom categorized when it gains an extra electron, and how is it categorized when it loses an electron?
which projectile spends more time in the air, the one fired from 30∘ or the one fired from 60∘?
The bullet launched from 60 travels faster vertical velocity than the one shot from 30, therefore it flies higher for a longer period of time.
How does a projectile's vertical component of velocity impact its horizontal component?
Gravity causes a vertical acceleration with a value of 9.8 m/s/s downward, whereas a projectile's horizontal velocity is constant (a number that never changes). A projectile's vertical velocity varies by 9.8 m/s each second.
Is there ever zero vertical velocity?
When a projectile reaches its maximum height, the vertical component of velocity may be zero. Immediately before to the direction of the vertical component changing and the item changing course, a projectile's vertical component is at its highest point.
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mechanical advantage is always less than velocity ratio,why?
because mechanical advantage decreases due to the friction and weight of moving parts of the machine whereas the velocity ratio remains constant
hope it helps you
If one branch of a parallel circuit has more resistance than the other branches, how does the amount of current flowing through that branch compare to the other
branches?
a. The branch with more resistance will have more current than the other branches,
b. The branch with more resistance will have less current than the other branches.
C. The branch with more resistance will have the same current as the other branches.
Answer:
b. The branch with more resistance will have less current than the other branches
Explanation:
The resistance of a resistor, is the property of a conductive material that prevents or oppose the flow of current through it
The resistivity is the resistance per unit length per unit cross sectional area
Based on the nature of electric current flow and resistance; the electric current flows through the path of least resistance
Therefore, more of the electric current will flow through the branch with lowest amount of resistance while a lesser amount of current will flow through the branch with more resistance.
Discuss your theory on why the light bulbs in the combination circuit have
different brightness.
Answer:
The voltage drop across each resistance is the same as the applied one. Hence most of the supplied voltage (the electrical energy) reaches the bulb. Hence it glows brighter. Now in the case of series combination of resistors, the effective resistance of the circuit increases.
Explanation: Discuss your theory on why the light bulbs in the combination circuit have
different brightness.
If the mass were to increase 12 times, what would happen to the kinetic energy?
Answer:
Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. The same amount of work is done by the body when decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest. Tell me if u need any more help, have a goooood dayyyyy and pls mark brainly
Explanation:
a gas is initially at 0 gauge pressure and compressed to 1/8 of the initial volume at constant temperature. what is the new gauge pressure? (include units with answer)
Answer:
P1 V1 = P2 V2 for constant temperature
V2 = V1 / 8
P1 V1 = P2 V1 / 8 or P2 = 8 P1
P1 = A atmospheric pressure
P2 = 8 P1 = p2 + A p2 = pressure on gauge
p2 + A = 8 A
p2 = 7 A
If A = 15 lbs / in^2 then
p2 = 105 lbs / in^2
Check:
P1 = 15 lbs / in^2
P2 = 8 * p1 = 120 lbs / im^2
p2 = 120 lbs/in^2 - 15 lbs/in^2 = 105 lbs/in^2
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How much force (in Newtons) does a baseball pitcher have to exert on a 250g baseball to make it accelerate to 50 m/s the
Instant that it leaves his hand?
Answer:
Force = 12.5 Newton
Explanation:
Given the following data;
Mass = 250 g to kilograms = 250/1000 = 0.25 kg
Acceleration = 50 m/s²
To find the force;
Newton's Second Law of Motion states that the acceleration of a physical object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the physical object and inversely proportional to its mass.
Mathematically, it is given by the formula;
\( Acceleration = \frac {Net \; force}{mass} \)
Making force the subject of formula, we have;
\( Force = mass * acceleration \)
Substituting into the formula, we have
\( Force = 0.25 * 50 \)
Force = 12.5 Newton