a. How do climax communities relate to biomes?
b. What factors affect the characteristics of climax communities?
c. How has cattle grazing affected the ecological balance between the sage brush
and grasses in the American Midwest?
Answers
Answer:
A. Climax communities are the end point of the process of ecological succession, which is the gradual process by which a community of organisms changes over time in response to environmental changes or disturbances. Climax communities are characterized by the presence of species that are well adapted to the particular environmental conditions of the area, and they typically exhibit a high level of stability and self-regulation. Climax communities can be found within a variety of biomes, including grasslands, forests, and aquatic systems.
B. The characteristics of climax communities are influenced by a variety of factors, including climate, soil type, topography, and the presence or absence of certain species. For example, a climax community in a tropical rainforest is likely to be quite different from a climax community in a desert, due to the differences in temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors.
C. Cattle grazing can have a significant impact on the ecological balance between sagebrush and grasses in the American Midwest. Grazing can reduce the cover of sagebrush, which can create an opening for grasses to establish and dominate the plant community. This can result in changes to the ecosystem, including alterations in the habitat of animal species that depend on sagebrush for food or shelter. In addition, overgrazing can lead to soil erosion and other forms of environmental degradation. Proper management of grazing can help to minimize these negative impacts and maintain the ecological balance between sagebrush and grasses.
Explanation:
Related Questions
A person with hepatitis B may develop cirrhosis, which is scarring of the liver. ____________________
True false question.
True
False
Answers
Answer:
True,
A person with hepatitis B may develop cirrhosis, which is scarring of the liver.
Explanation:
This is due to inflammation
Please help! skin melanocytes produce the protein melanin, which gives the skin pigment. muscle cells do not produce melanin. which statement explains this difference between skin melanocytes and muscle cells?
A. muscle cells rely on rna, while melanocytes rely on dna.
B. melanocytes and muscle cells express different genes.
C. muscle cells destroyed the gene for melanin, but melanocytes did not.
D. melanocytes contain different genes from muscle cells
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is B. "Melanocytes and muscle cells express different genes."
Although all cells in an organism (such as a human) contain the same DNA, different cell types express different sets of genes. Gene expression is the process by which specific genes are activated to produce a needed protein. In this case, the gene responsible for melanin production is expressed in melanocytes, but not in muscle cells.
This does not mean that muscle cells have destroyed the gene for melanin (as stated in option C) or that melanocytes contain different genes from muscle cells (as stated in option D). All cells within an organism contain the same genes, but not all genes are expressed in every cell. The process of gene expression is regulated by the cell to ensure that each cell type functions properly.
Option A is also incorrect because all cells, including both muscle cells and melanocytes, rely on both DNA (for storing genetic information) and RNA (for transmitting that information and producing proteins). DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins. This process occurs in all cells.
The statement explains the difference between skin melanocytes and muscle cells is - melanocytes and muscle cells express different genes. So option b is correct.
Melanocytes are dark, dendritic-shaped, highly differentiated cells that secrete melanin, a pigment found in melanosomes, which is the primary function of melanocytes.
Melanocytes are a type of cell derived from the neural crest. They form a synapse with keratinocytes through their dendrites in the epidermis. Melanocytes play an important part in skin pigmentation and their role in the generation and distribution of melanin has been extensively studied.
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What is the difference in the shape of a muscle tissue cell and a nerve tissue cell?
Answers
Answer:
The shape of a nerve cell in a nerve cell in an animal is different from the shape of a muscle cell. A nerve cell is long and branched whereas a muscle cell is pointed at both ends and has a spindle shape.
Muscle and nervous tissues rely on electrical activity to function. Muscle tissue generates force to provide movement, and nervous tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals throughout the body. Muscle and nervous tissues are considered excitable tissues.
the process of ____ means that organisms who are best fit for their environment live longer and _____ more
Answers
two neutral conditions that might cause plant cells to become plasmolysed
Answers
Answer:
The vacuoles, a fluid-filled membrane-bound organelle, located within the cytoplasm, holds the water in the plant cell. In certain conditions, plant cells do not get a sufficient amount of water, or there is a severe loss of water from the cell. This results in the total shrinkage of the plant cell and the phenomenon are called plasmolysis.
Explanation:
What does phenotype mean?
A.What kinds of genes something has.
B.How something looks because of its genes.
Answers
Answer would be; B.How something looks because of its genes.
Answer:
B- How something looks because of its genes.
Explanation:
A is the genotype. B is the phenotype. A genotype is the genes. A phenotype is the physical trait an organism has.
Describe the survival strategy of the wasp
Answers
Some of the key survival strategies of wasps include aggression and defense, efficient foraging, social behavior, adaptive nesting strategies, and reproductive strategies. These strategies have helped wasps thrive in a wide range of environments.
Wasps are highly aggressive and have powerful stingers that they use to defend themselves and their nests from predators. Many wasp species also have sharp mandibles that they use for biting and tearing apart prey. Wasps are opportunistic foragers and are able to efficiently locate and collect food. Some wasps hunt and capture other insects, while others feed on nectar and fruit. Many wasp species are highly social and live in large colonies or nests.
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A new planet is discovered orbiting a star with a mass 3. 5'1031 kg at a distance of 1. 2 '1011 m. Assume that the orbit is circular.
What is the orbital speed of the planet? (G = 6. 673' 10-11 N·m2/kg)
Answers
The orbital speed of the planet is approximately \(\(4.20 \times 10^3 \, \text{m/s}\).\)
The orbital speed of a planet or satellite refers to the speed at which it revolves around a central body in a circular orbit. To calculate the orbital speed, we can use the formula:
\(\[ v = \sqrt{\frac{G \cdot M}{r}} \]\)
where:
- \(\( v \)\) represents the orbital speed,
- \(G\) is the gravitational constant (approximately \(\(6.673 \times 10^{-11} \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2/\text{kg}^2\)),\)
- \(M\) is the mass of the central body (such as a star) around which the planet orbits,
- \(r\) is the distance between the planet and the central body.
By plugging in the appropriate values into this formula, we can calculate the orbital speed. The square root ensures that the speed is positive and represents the magnitude of the velocity.
To calculate the orbital speed of the planet, we can use the formula for the orbital speed of a satellite in a circular orbit:
\(\[ v = \sqrt{\frac{G \cdot M}{r}} \]\)
Where:
\(\( v \)\) is the orbital speed of the planet,
\(\( G = 6.673 \times 10^{-11} \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2/\text{kg}^2 \)\) is the gravitational constant,
\(\( M = 3.5 \times 10^{31} \, \text{kg} \)\) is the mass of the star,
and \(\( r = 1.2 \times 10^{11} \, \text{m} \)\) is the distance between the planet and the star.
Plugging in these values into the formula, we get:
\(\[ v = \sqrt{\frac{(6.673 \times 10^{-11} \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2/\text{kg}^2) \cdot (3.5 \times 10^{31} \, \text{kg})}{(1.2 \times 10^{11} \, \text{m})}} \]\)
Evaluating the expression, we find:
\(\[ v \approx 4.20 \times 10^3 \, \text{m/s} \]\)
Therefore, the orbital speed of the planet is approximately \(\(4.20 \times 10^3 \, \text{m/s}\).\)
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cancers cells with accumulation of other associated cells including tumor associated fibroblast, immune suppressive and immune modulatory, cell make a mass of cell environment called tumor microenvironment (tme).
Answers
True, the environment surrounding a tumor, including nearby blood arteries, immune cells, fibroblasts, signaling molecules, and the extracellular matrix, is known as the tumor microenvironment (TME) (ECM).
The microenvironment around the tumor and the tumor itself are intertwined and continually interacting. By generating extracellular signals, boosting tumor angiogenesis, and inducing peripheral immunological tolerance, tumors can have an impact on the milieu, whereas immune cells in the microenvironment can influence the development and spread of cancerous cells. The tumor interacts closely with the surrounding microenvironment, which is known to profoundly impact tumor progression by influencing processes that lead to tumor eradication, increased metastasis, or the establishment of dormant micrometastases.
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Aquatic organisms are able to survive when the temperature decreases. These organisms survive even when the surfaces of lakes and ponds are covered with ice. Which property of water best explains how aquatic organisms can survive during freezing temperatures?
Answers
Answer:
Anomalous expansion
Explanation:
Anomalous expansion of water is the abnormal way water expands when exposed to low temperature.
At 4 degree Celsius , the density at the top layer is usually at the Maximum which makes the water sinks down and then the water in the lower layer rises up.
When the temperature drops below 4 degree Celsius, the water molecules at the top then freezes leaving the denser molecules at the bottom which doesn’t freeze as a result of their high density.
This way, organisms can survive in the water due to the lower layer not freezing.
if the frequency of the m allele in the human mn blood group system is 0.65 in a population at equilibrium, then the frequency of the n allele must be 0.04.
Answers
Answer:
The frequency of the genotype MN, F(MN) = 0.4
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete answer and explanation in the attached files.
On chromosome 4, there is an autosomal locus with two alleles called LM and LN that regulates the MN blood group system. The red blood cells' surface glycoprotein, which functions as a natural antigen, is what determines the blood type.
What m allele in the human mn blood group system?Although many alloantibodies to MNS system antigens have caused hemolytic illness in fetuses and newborns, antibodies to low- and high-prevalence MNS antigens are typically not clinically significant.
In a population at equilibrium, if the frequency of the M allele in the human MN blood group system is 0.65, then the frequency of the N allele must be 0.04. Since the frequencies of each allele must add up to 1, the frequency of the N allele must be 0.35.
Therefore, The absolute frequency of the genotype MN, F(MN) = 0.4 The sum of the allele frequencies must equal 1, so the frequency of the N allele must be 0.35.
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Plants and animals have different cell structures. Which two organelles are only found in plant cells, but not in animal cells?
A. vacuoles and mitochondria
B. cell wall and mitochondria
C. chloroplasts and vacuoles
D. chloroplasts and cell wall
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Cells cells they are made of-
are chemicals in food that your body requires to either maintain homeostasis or grow.
Answers
Answer:
Your body needs significant amounts of the macrominerals calcium, potassium, magnesium, chloride and phosphorus, and small amounts of the trace minerals iron, copper, zinc, iodine, fluoride and selenium to complete its metabolic processes.
Explanation:
which of the following answers describes a component that is present in prokaryotic organisms? pick all that apply
Answers
Prokaryotic organisms are unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They are found in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
There are many components present in prokaryotic organisms. Some of them are discussed below:
Cell wall: This is a tough, protective layer that surrounds the cell membrane in bacteria and archaea. The cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan in bacteria and other materials in archaea.
Flagella: It is a whip-like structure that is used by many prokaryotic cells to move. The flagellum rotates like a propeller, allowing the cell to swim through liquid environments.
Pili or fimbriae: These are short, hair-like structures that extend from the surface of many prokaryotic cells. They are used for attachment to surfaces or other cells.
Capsule: It is a protective layer that surrounds the cell wall of some prokaryotic cells. The capsule is made up of a gel-like material that helps the cell to avoid being engulfed by immune cells such as macrophages.
Ribosomes: They are the site of protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells. Ribosomes are made up of two subunits that come together to form a functional ribosome.In conclusion, components that are present in prokaryotic organisms are cell wall, flagella, pili or fimbriae, capsule, and ribosomes.
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substances from the glomerular filtrate are reabsorbed into which blood vessels from the pct and dct? g
Answers
Substances from the glomerular filtrate are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries from the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
The peritubular capillaries are a network of small blood vessels that surround the PCT and DCT. These capillaries arise from efferent arterioles that exit the glomerulus, and they carry blood away from the renal cortex and toward the renal medulla. As blood flows through the peritubular capillaries, it picks up the substances that have been reabsorbed from the filtrate in the PCT and DCT.
The reabsorption of substances from the filtrate into the peritubular capillaries is an important mechanism for maintaining the balance of ions, nutrients, and other substances in the body. The PCT and DCT are responsible for reabsorbing most of the substances that are filtered by the glomerulus, including water, sodium, glucose, amino acids, and other nutrients. By reabsorbing these substances, the body can conserve the ones it needs and eliminate the ones it doesn't need.
It's worth noting that not all substances that are filtered by the glomerulus are reabsorbed by the PCT and DCT. Some substances, such as urea and creatinine, are not reabsorbed and instead continue on to be eliminated from the body as part of the urine.
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Many fungi play a critical environmental role as _______, breaking down organic material into nutrients for the soil and other organisms.
Answers
50 POINTS!!!!!!!
Select the correct image.
Mutations occur in different ways. Identify the method in which part of the chromosome reverses itself to form a new region,
ILM
Answers
Answer:
2
Explanation:
Answer:
Its the first one.
Explanation:
Its inversion is a mutation which happens in the chromosome structure. Which in the chromosome area breaks at two points and the region at the break and rotates to 180°. And so the rotated region which is after the rotation rejoin the end of the chromosomes.
Plant
cell can be identified by the process of
A) Choloroplast
B) plasma membrana
c) cell wall
D)Mitochondria
A )i and ii (B) i and iii
(c) ii and iii (0) iv only
Answers
Explanation:
i think it is choloroplast
which statement is true regarding the organization of columns in the cortex? a. action columns are present in both location and orientation columns. b. location and orientation columns are in different parts of the cortex. c. a location column can contain many orientation columns. d. an orientation column can contain many location columns.
Answers
The correct statement regarding the organization of columns in the cortex is: (c). A location column can contain many orientation columns.
In the cortex, specifically the primary visual cortex (V1), neurons are organized into functional units called columns. These columns are crucial for processing visual information, such as the location and orientation of edges and lines in the visual field.
Orientation columns, on the other hand, represent the orientation of edges and lines in the visual field. These columns are organized in a way that neurons within a single column respond preferentially to a specific orientation, while neighboring columns respond to slightly different orientations.
In summary, a location column can contain many orientation columns, as the cortex is organized in such a way that allows it to process both spatial location and edge orientation information efficiently and accurately. The correct answer is c).
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Which experiment would most likely contain experimental bias? A. A chemistry class performs an experiment in which each reaction has the same amount of starting material and begins at the same temperature. B. A student tests the attraction of bees to flowers by placing four different flowers in the same location and counting how many bees visit each. C. A lab performs a test by giving bacterial colonies the same amount of different antibiotics and growing them under the same conditions. D. A company that makes pain relief medication tests the effectiveness of their own medicine compared to that of three other brands.
Answers
Answer:
A lab performs a test by giving bacterial colonies the same amount of different ... A student tests the attraction of bees to flowers by placing four different flowers ... A chemistry class performs an experiment in which each reaction has the same amount of starting material and begins at the same temperature.
1. A DNA segment has base order AGC TTA TCG. Which copy exhibits a frameshift mutation through deletion?(1 point)
-AGC TCG
-AGC TTA TAG
-TTA TCG
-AGC TTT CG
2. A DNA segment has base order CCC ATA GCT. Which copy exhibits a deletion in the first codon triplet and then a substitution mutation?(1 point)
-CCA ATA GCT
-CCC TAG CT
-CCA YAA CT
-CCA TAG CT
3. Which type of mutation causes cystic fibrosis?(1 point)
-insertion
-deletion
-substitution
-silent
4. Which statement about chromosomes is true?(1 point)
-DNA contains chromosomes.
-The same number of chromosomes appears in haploid and body cells.
-Chromosomes contain DNA.
-Chromosomes are found in sets of three.
5. Which modification affects an organism’s expressed characteristics while leaving its DNA sequence unchanged?(1 point)
-insertion mutation
-substitution mutation
-deletion mutation
-epigenetic change
Answers
Answer:
100% correct if you use the answers below :)
Explanation:
1. AGC TTT CG
2. CCA TAA CT
3. deletion
4. Chromosomes contain DNA
5. epigenetic change
A frameshift mutation involves the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in a DNA sequence, which modifies its open reading frame. A deletion is a mutation that involves the elimination of one nucleotide in DNA sequence.
With regard to the questions above described:
1. The sequence AGC TTT CG suffered a deletion of the Adenine (A) base at the second codon (i.e., AGC TTA TCG).2. The sequence CCA TAG CT exhibits a deletion of the Cytosine (C) base at the first codon (i.e., CCC ATA GCT).3. Cystic fibrosis is a recessive inherited disorder caused by a three-nucleotide (codon) deletion in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. This deletion is associated with the loss of phenylalanine (Phe) amino acid in the exon 10 of the CFTR gene.4. The statement 'chromosomes contain DNA' is TRUE. Chromosomes are thread-like structures that contain part or all of the genetic material (DNA) of an organism.5. Epigenetic changes are modifications that affect an organism’s phenotype while leaving its DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation and histone modifications (e.g., histone acetylation, histone methylation).In conclusion, frameshift mutations involve the modification of the Open Reading Frame. Deletion involves the elimination of a nucleotide in DNA. Chromosomes are thread-like structures that contain genetic material. Epigenetic modifications don't modify the genetic (nucleotide) sequence.
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Some antibiotics are no longer effective in killing pathogens. Use your knowledge of natural selection to explain why.
Answers
Antibiotic resistance in pathogens occurs due to natural selection, where bacteria with genetic variations that make them less susceptible to antibiotics survive and reproduce, leading to the ineffectiveness of the drugs.
Antibiotic resistance, where pathogens become resistant to the effects of antibiotics, is a consequence of natural selection. When antibiotics are used to kill bacteria, some bacteria may possess genetic variations that make them less susceptible to the drug's effects. These resistant bacteria have a survival advantage and can survive and reproduce while susceptible bacteria are eliminated. Over time, the resistant bacteria proliferate and become dominant in the population, leading to the ineffectiveness of the antibiotic. This is because the selection pressure of the antibiotic favors the survival and reproduction of the resistant bacteria, driving the evolution of antibiotic-resistant strains. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics further accelerate this process, highlighting the importance of responsible antibiotic use to preserve their effectiveness in combating pathogens.In conclusion, the ineffectiveness of some antibiotics in killing pathogens is attributed to the process of natural selection, whereby bacteria with genetic variations that confer resistance to the antibiotics survive and reproduce, leading to the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains.
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The degree to which the findings of a study may be applied to a larger population represents how ___________ a sample is. A. Inaccurate B. Generalizable C. Convenient D. Large.
Answers
Answer:
B. Generalizable
Explanation:
Generalizable means something's ability to be applied to a general or wide group. So, if something is generalizable that means that it is applicable to a wide group of things outside of the initial study. Thus, B is the correct answer because it is the only vocab word that properly describes how widely applicable the study is.
One of the best ways to generalize a study is to use random or probability sampling. This helps ensure that the findings of the study can be used by others in different situations.
Answer:
b. Generalizable
Explanation:
is a dynamic community of plants, animals, microorganisms, and the nonliving environments in which they live.
Answers
The statement describes an ecosystem, which is a dynamic community of living organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms) interacting with each other and with the nonliving components (such as water, air, and soil) of their environment.
Ecosystems can vary in size, from small ponds or gardens to large forests or oceans, and they play important roles in regulating various biogeochemical cycles, such as the carbon and nitrogen cycles, and supporting biodiversity.
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11. explain the experiment conducted by meselson and stahl. how did the results of their experiment demonstrate the semi-conservative model of dna replication was the accurate model?'
Answers
Meselson and Stahl verified the correctness of the semi-conservative model by illustrating the DNA replication process using bacteria that were initially cultivated in a medium containing 15 N (a heavy isotpe)
Then moved to a medium containing 14 N (a lighter isotpe), the DNA sample was centrifuged after the first replication, and the second replication was less dense on top and more dense on the bottom, with the original strand still present but the new strand being more prominent as well. The semi-conservative hypothesis was probably preferred by the majority of biologists at the time. Given that the two DNA strands are completely, predictably complementary to one another in the DNA double helix shape, this idea made a lot of sense. It was simple to conceive how each thread may serve as a model for the synthesis of a different spouse given their connection.
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When describing a group of animals, you speak about an ancestral species and some but not all of its descendants. This is an example of a _____. Group of answer choices monophyletic group polyphyletic group paraphyletic group
Answers
Answer:
This is an example of a paraphyletic group.
Explanation:
Paraphyletic groups is a group that contains only part of the descendants of a common ancestor. A group is constituted as paraphyletic when one or more holophyletic groups are subtracted from a clade (evolutionary branch). Traditional classifications are loaded with paraphyletic groups, such as invertebrates, pteridophytes, opposites. In each of these cases the group is defined by the exclusion of a smaller group within a larger one. An example is the reptiles are a paraphyletic group, since when we refer to them we are excluding mammals and birds even though they are taxa that evolutionarily descend from reptiles.
Maximal anaerobic capacity would involve:
a. maximal ATP production from PCr.
b. maximal ATP production from oxygen-dependent pathways.
c. maximal ATP production from NADH.
d. maximal ATP production in the mitochondria.
Answers
A) Maximal anaerobic capacity would involve maximal ATP production from PCr.
Maximal anaerobic capacity refers to the maximum amount of ATP that can be produced without the use of oxygen. PCr (phosphocreatine) is a high-energy phosphate molecule stored in muscle cells that can be rapidly broken down to produce ATP during high-intensity exercise. Therefore, maximal anaerobic capacity would involve the maximal utilization of PCr to produce ATP, as it is the primary energy source during anaerobic exercise. Oxygen-dependent pathways (option B) require the presence of oxygen, and maximal ATP production from NADH (option C) and in the mitochondria (option D) both rely on the aerobic energy system, making them incorrect choices for maximal anaerobic capacity.
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Explain how the data supports your hypothesis.
If needed, you can change your poison selection (above).
Answers
Answer: It is verified by testing it. If the data supports the hypothesis, then we consider the hypothesis to be verified and true. If however, the data does not support the hypothesis or refutes it, then the hypothesis is in trouble, and we have to come up with a different hypothesis to explain the observations.
Explanation:
Given the formula D=M/V, a substance with a Density of 50 gm/cc, with a Volume of 10 cc, has a Mass of ___________
A
500 cc
B
250 cc
C
500 gm
D
500 cc
Answers
Answer:
A
500 cc
Explanation:
D= M/V
50 =M/10
M =50×10
=500 cc.
Hope it helped.
Explain one piece of evidence from the diagram which proves that the allele for Tay-Sachs disease is not on the X chromosome. (2)
Answers
One piece of evidence from the diagram which proves that the allele for Tay-Sachs disease is not on the X chromosome, when the X chromosome is where the genes that might cause red-green colour blindness are handed down.
Men are more likely than women to have red-green colour blindness because it is X-chromosome-inherited. This is due to the fact that males inherit just one X chromosome from young mother.
Another of the sex chromosomes within humans is the X chromosome (the other will be the Y chromosome). Among the 23 pairs of individual chromosomes found in each cell are the sex chromosomes. Approximately 155 million DNA base pairs make up your X chromosome, which accounts for almost 5% of all the DNA in cells.
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