A polypeptide is subjected to the following degradative techniques that result in polypeptide fragments with the indicated amino acid sequences. The amino acid sequence of the entire polypeptide is:
Lys-Asp-Ala-Glu-Gly-Val-Leu-Thr-Ser-Ala-Pro-Phe
The amino acid sequence of the entire polypeptide can be determined by piecing together the amino acid sequences of the fragments. The following table shows the degradative techniques and the resulting fragments:
Degradative Technique Fragment Amino Acid Sequence
Trypsin digestion Asp-Ala-Glu-Gly-Val-Leu-Thr
Chymotrypsin digestion Ser-Ala-Pro-Phe
Edman degradation Lys
The first fragment, Asp-Ala-Glu-Gly-Val-Leu-Thr, was obtained by trypsin digestion. Trypsin cleaves peptides at the carboxyl side of arginine and lysine residues. The second fragment, Ser-Ala-Pro-Phe, was obtained by chymotrypsin digestion. Chymotrypsin cleaves peptides at the carboxyl side of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) and leucine.
The third fragment, Lys, was obtained by Edman degradation. Edman degradation is a method for sequencing peptides that involves repeatedly cleaving the N-terminal amino acid from the peptide and identifying the amino acid.
The first fragment ends with a threonine residue, which means that the N-terminal amino acid of the entire polypeptide must be lysine. The second fragment starts with a serine residue, which means that the C-terminal amino acid of the first fragment must be alanine. The third fragment is a single amino acid, which means that it must be the C-terminal amino acid of the entire polypeptide.
Putting this all together, we can determine that the amino acid sequence of the entire polypeptide is:
Lys-Asp-Ala-Glu-Gly-Val-Leu-Thr-Ser-Ala-Pro-Phe
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plants produce spores during the _____ stage and produce sex cells during the _______ stage.
Answer:
Plants produce spores during the sporophyte stage and produce sex cells during the gametophyte stage.
Has the Clements successional theory been subjected to peer review and publication?
Answer:
Yes the Clements successional theory has been subjected to peer review and publication
Yes, the Clements successional theory been subjected to peer review and publication.
What is Clements successional theory?Plant succession was characterised by Clements as a developmental process that, during the course of a community, it went through a well-defined series of stages that, in the end, resulted in a mature community, also known as the climax community. The climatic conditions that determined the climax community's existence manifested themselves in the form of an indicator and an expression of that community.
His hypothesis of community formation, sometimes known as plant succession, is what brought Clements the most fame. Even after World War II, Clements' organicism and physiological perspective were still around, albeit in a watered-down version, despite the fact that it was extensively discredited by later ecologists.
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. It's very rare for someone with two X chromosomes to have DMD. Explain how a person with two X chromosomes could have the symptoms of DMD using what you know about inheritance and random mutation.
Answer: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is inherited through X-linked recessive inheritance mode. It is characterized by muscle weakness which mostly affect boys. It can only affect girls when a female carrier got married to affected male.
Explanation: In the union between a carrier female and an affected male, four types of gametes will be produced as shown in the attached image. After fertilization, the resulting offsprings will consist of female carrier, normal male, female affected and male affected each with 25% probability. See attached image for better illustration.
X-linked recessive traits have the following characteristics;
1. More males are affected than females.
2. Approximately ½ of a carrier mother's sons are affected.
3. It is never passed from father to son.
4. All daughters of affected fathers are carrier.
a bacterial colony exists in an environment displaying ideal conditions will undergo
In an environment with ideal conditions, a bacterial colony will undergo exponential growth, leading to an increase in the number of bacteria over time.
When bacteria are exposed to an environment that provides optimal conditions for growth, they can undergo exponential growth. This means that the number of bacteria in the colony will increase rapidly over time. Exponential growth occurs when each bacterium in the colony divides to produce two daughter cells, and these daughter cells, in turn, divide to produce more daughter cells.
Ideal conditions for bacterial growth typically include an ample supply of nutrients, suitable temperature, pH, and moisture levels, as well as the absence of inhibitory factors like toxins or antibiotics. Under these favorable conditions, bacteria can utilize the available nutrients to synthesize essential cellular components, replicate their DNA, and carry out other metabolic processes necessary for growth and reproduction.
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the population of humans on earth increased gradulaly unitil the nineteen centery, after which it increased exponitally due to the abaiblity of better medicicne and food prodict describe the kind of growth curve that human population has followed
If the population of humans have increased exponentially due to availability of medicine and food, then The S growth curve is the growth curve that has been followed.
What is the growth curve about?The kind of growth curve that human population has followed is an S-shaped logistic growth curve.
Initially, the growth rate was slow due to various factors such as limited access to resources and high infant mortality rates. However, with the advent of better medicine and agricultural practices in the 19th century, the growth rate started to increase exponentially.
As the population increased, the availability of resources became more limited, leading to a decrease in the growth rate. This decrease in growth rate is due to a combination of factors such as increased competition for resources, decreased fertility rates, and improved family planning.
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The graph on the right is the blood oxygen graph. Using that and your knowledge of cellular respiration and the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide, what can you say about the rate of carbon dioxide production when you exercise?(did it increase or decrease? Did it stay the same? Did it change quickly? Did it change very slowly?)why do you think this happens?
The pace at which carbon dioxide is produced due to the process of cellular respiration, when you exercise.
The definition of cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the process by which glucose reacts with oxygen to produce waste materials like carbon dioxide and water as well as the energy in the form of ATP molecules that the cell needs to function.
We are aware that each cell needs energy to function and that each cell is the basic building block of all life. Respiration occurs at the cellular level, which is the lowest level of our body. The opposite of photosynthesis is respiration. Food is made during photosynthesis when water and carbon dioxide are combined with light.
Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that exercise causes a rise in carbon dioxide generation due to the process of cellular respiration.
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Which of the following is not a possible environmental consequence of urban sprawl? a. Deforestation b. Pollution c. Loss of natural resources d. None of the above Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D.
None of the above options is a possible environmental consequence of urban sprawl (Option D). It involves population growth.
Urban sprawl refers to the rapid population expansion involving geographic areas (ie., cities and towns).
This phenomenon (urban sprawl) may raise a problem for the suitable development of human populations.
Some of the possible negative outcomes of urban sprawl include
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Answer:
D
Explanation:
edge 2022 trust the process
The Mousterian stone tool assemblage is mostly associated with which species? A. Denisovans B. Neanderthals C. Homo heidelbergensis D. Anatomically E. Modern Humans
The Mousterian stone tool assemblage is mostly associated with the species Neanderthals. The Mousterian stone tool assemblage is a stone tool culture that is associated mainly with the Neanderthals, and which appears in Europe between around 400,000 and 50,000 years ago.
During the Middle Palaeolithic era, Neanderthals employed a specialised stone tool technology known as the Mousterian industry. These stone tools are distinguished by a range of tool types, such as handaxes, scrapers, and points, all of which were made using the technique of flint knapping. The Mousterian implements, which are proof of the technological prowess and cultural practices of Neanderthals, have been discovered in several archaeological sites throughout Europe, Western Asia, and portions of Africa.
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harry uses a pulley to put up a bucket of water from a well. which of the following energy transformations also occurs as the bucket rises from the bottom of the well?
Explanation:
As Harry uses a pulley to put up a bucket of water from a well, the following energy transformations occur:
1. Mechanical energy (Harry's physical effort) is transformed into potential energy as the bucket is lifted against gravity.
2. The potential energy of the lifted bucket is transformed into gravitational potential energy as it rises to a higher altitude.
Therefore, the energy transformation that also occurs as the bucket rises from the bottom of the well is the transformation of mechanical energy into gravitational potential energy.
what are some of the benefits associated with the genetic modification of animals? check all that apply.
Enhancing food production, lowering environmental impact, improving animal health and welfare, and creating cutting-edge industrial uses are some of the advantages of genetic modification.
What effects does genetic alteration have on animals?Independent research demonstrates that the safety and health of animals are not affected differently by GMO- and non-GMO-foods. The animal that consumes the GMO food does not get any of the DNA from it. This implies that animals who consume GMO food do not become GMOs.
What environmental benefits do genetically modified animals provide?GE animals can help to improve the environment and human health by using fewer resources and creating less waste, which will lessen their negative environmental effects. improving animal welfare
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insulin extracted from cattle is so similar to the insulin of humans that it is used to treat human diabetics. this similarity is an example of a type of evidence for evolution gained from comparative
The similarity between insulin extracted from cattle and human insulin is an example of evidence for evolution gained from comparative anatomy or comparative genomics.
Comparative anatomy involves the study of anatomical structures across different species to identify similarities and differences. In this case, the similarity between cattle insulin and human insulin suggests a common evolutionary origin. The fact that cattle insulin can effectively treat human diabetics indicates that the protein structure and function have been conserved over evolutionary time.
Comparative genomics involves comparing the genetic sequences of different organisms to identify similarities and differences. By comparing the genetic sequences of cattle and humans, scientists can analyze the similarities in the genes responsible for insulin production. The high degree of similarity between the insulin genes in cattle and humans further supports the idea of a shared evolutionary history.
These comparisons provide evidence for the theory of evolution, as they demonstrate the presence of common ancestry and the conservation of genetic and anatomical features across species. They indicate that living organisms have evolved through gradual changes over time, leading to the diversification of species while maintaining certain fundamental similarities.
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b- and t-lymphocytes both mature in the red bone marrow.
B- and T-lymphocytes both originate in the red bone marrow, they have distinct maturation processes.
B-lymphocytes, also known as B-cells, fully mature within the red bone marrow itself. During this process, they develop specific antigen receptors, allowing them to identify and target foreign substances (antigens) in the body. On the other hand, T-lymphocytes, or T-cells, only begin their development in the red bone marrow. They then migrate to the thymus, a small gland located near the heart, to complete their maturation.
In the thymus, T-cells differentiate into various subtypes and develop a unique T-cell receptor, enabling them to recognize and attack infected or damaged cells. In summary, while both B- and T-lymphocytes initially develop in the red bone marrow, B-cells fully mature there, whereas T-cells require the thymus to complete their maturation.
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Brainiest will be mark, if correctly answered.
No link!!!! I can’t open it!!!!
The process of upwelling occurs as a result of which of the following?
A. warmer, less dense deep water that floats to the surface
B. surface waves that mix surface and deep water
C. cooler dense water rises to the surface, replacing warmer water
D. sunlight that warms deep water that rises to the surface
Answer:
The answer you are looking for is A
Explanation:
Answer:
A
Explanation:
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What is herd immunity, and why are vaccines important for achieving herd immunity?
Answer:
Herd immunity is a form of indirect protection from infectious disease that can occur with some diseases when a sufficient percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, whether through vaccination or previous infections, thereby reducing the likelihood of infection for individuals who lack immunity.
Explanation:
Vaccines create immunity without causing illness or resulting complications. Herd immunity makes it possible to protect the population from a disease, including those who can't be vaccinated, such as newborns or those who have compromised immune systems.
Explain how the liver helps digestion in the alimentary canal
The liver helps in the digestion process in the alimentary canal. Because the liver makes the bile that is stored in the gall bladder, in the process of digestion, the bile is secreted into the small intestine and facilitates the process.
What is the liver's function?The liver is an associate organ in digestion and plays an important role in digestion by secreting bile to the small intestine. When food reaches the stomach, it is partially digested before entering the duodenum, a section of the small intestine. In this part, many enzymes from the pancreas come and act on the food.
The liver makes the bile, but it is stored in the gall bladder and later released into the small intestine after the food reaches there. This bile plays an important role in the emulsification of the fat.
Hence, the liver helps in the digestion process in the alimentary canal. because the liver makes the bile that is helpful for the digestion of the fat.
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why is the longitudinal section of the drawing of the pride of barbados flower drawn with a double line edge
The longitudinal section of the drawing of the pride of barbados flower is drawn with a double line edge to support the flower.
In San Antonio's zone 8b, Pride of Barbados is a perennial that is semi-evergreen. It may freeze to the ground in winter or lose leaves in temperatures as low as 40°, but it will come back in late spring to start new growth.
The Caesalpinia pulcherrima species also referred to as "Pride of Barbados," is cultivated as an ornamental plant for gardens in the tropics and subtropics. The ripe seeds of this species are poisonous when eaten because they contain tannic acids, which can hurt the stomach. The soil must drain well and have plenty of sunshine for this genus to thrive.
A longitudinal section is one that is drawn along the long axis of a construction. The longitudinal section is the opposite of the cross-section.
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Study the model of the water cycle.
Water in clouds
Water in plants
B
Water in the
ground, or
groundwater
D
Water in lakes
and other
surface water
Water as
snow and ice
Water in
the air
C
Water in
the ocean
Which letter shows one way gravity moves water
through the water cycle?
ΟΑ
OB
OD
Explanation:
sssssszxxdt frfedddsssswwd
if a facultative anaerobe is provided glucose as a sole carbon source and has all other nutrients for growth, what will happen if it is cultured without oxygen?
Although facultative anaerobes can grow without oxygen, their growth is improved by it. Aerotolerant anaerobes can develop in the presence of oxygen despite not engaging in aerobic respiration. Escherichia coli and other facultative anaerobes are able to adjust their metabolism and can grow in both oxygen- and oxygen-free environments, but they prefer aerobic environments.
Although facultative anaerobes can grow everywhere in a tube, they tend to congregate there more often because oxygen gives them more energy. These are able to develop and thrive at atmospheric oxygen levels. Because facultative anaerobes can metabolize energy either aerobically or anaerobically, they can develop with or without oxygen. Since aerobic respiration produces more ATP than fermentation, they tend to congregate largely at the top.
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in the first step of glycogenolysis, the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase acts on glycogen to produce glucose-1-phosphate. what must happen to this product before it can enter the glycolysis pathway?
In the first step of glycogenolysis, it must isomerize to glucose-6-phosphate before it can enter the glycolysis pathway.
The metabolic process known as glycolysis is what turns glucose into pyruvate. The high-energy molecules reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and adenosine triphosphate are created using the free energy released during this process. A series of 10 events known as glycolysis are facilitated by enzymes. By dissolving glucose into two molecules with three carbons each, the cytoplasmic mechanism of glycolysis produces energy. Hexokinase, an enzyme, aids in the process of phosphorylation, which traps glucose. In this process, ATP is utilised, and the end product, glucose-6-P, inhibits hexokinase. One 6-carbon molecule of glucose is oxidised in the cytoplasm during glycolysis to produce two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules. Pyruvate's fate is determined by whether cells have mitochondria and oxygen or not.
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Answer:
Explanation:Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose-6-phosphate by process of phosphorylation. In our body glycogen is stored in the liver.
In the first step of glycogenolysis, enzyme glycogen phosphorylase does an isomerization process and after that converted form of glycogen can enter into the glycolysis pathway; so, this isomerization process must happen for the entry of glycogen into the glycolysis cycle.
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Mutation may occur in gametes or in body cells. In which cell type is a mutation likely to be source of genetic variation for ?
Answer:
Una mutación es el cambio al azar en la secuencia de nucleótidos o en la organización del ADN (genotipo) de un ser vivo,1 que produce una variación en las características de este y que no necesariamente se transmite a la descendencia. Se presenta de manera espontánea y súbita o por la acción de mutágenos. Este cambio estará presente en una pequeña proporción de la población (variante) o del organismo (mutación). La unidad genética capaz de mutar es el gen, la unidad de información hereditaria que forma parte del ADN.2
En los seres pluricelulares, las mutaciones solo pueden ser heredadas cuando afectan a las células reproductivas.3 Una consecuencia de las mutaciones puede ser, por ejemplo, una enfermedad genética. Sin embargo, aunque a corto plazo pueden parecer perjudiciales, las mutaciones son esenciales para nuestra existencia a largo plazo. Sin mutación no habría cambio, y sin cambio la vida no podría evolucionar.
Explanation:
As a traveling salesman, which of the following does Gregor feel is impossible to defend himself against
Gregor believes it is hard for him to defend himself against rampant rumours, coincidences, and baseless accusations as a traveling salesman.
a person whose job it is to visit to various locations and solicit orders from customers while also trying to sell their company's products: As a traveling salesman on the road, he earned his living. The salesperson wants to travel as little as possible while also minimising travel expenses. TSP, which focuses on optimization, is frequently applied in computer science to determine the most effective path for data to take when travelling between different nodes. Applications may involve locating hardware or network optimization techniques. There is a list of cities that must all be visited, each of which must only be done once, and the distances between each city are known.
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I need help please answers this!!!
Answer:
I think the answer is B
Explanation:
Think about it, most people buy stuff without looking at the nutritional facts. That's very important when trying to buy healthy food. I might be wrong and if I am I'm terribly sorry
insect evidence is often neglected by crime scene investigators because
To determine the amount of time insect since death, however, after three days, bug evidence is frequently the most reliable and perhaps the only option.
Which element has the most influence on the development of insects?environmental factors The majority of breakdown processes and insect colonization are mostly influenced by the temperature and weather.
What bug is utilized in forensics the most frequently?Other insects should also be gathered, especially if the body is older than 10 days, even though blowfly larvae are the most significant specimens for use in forensic entomology. Maggots frequently appear in and around bodily orifices.
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What is meant by a biological system
Biological System - A biological system is a group of entities or organs that interact to complete a task. It's a biological unit that makes up a body or an organism.
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Can someone tell me if I explained this right?
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Background info: Potato cells are placed in different levels of NaCl.
Beginning with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells?.
Starting with a fertilized egg(zygote), a series of five cell divisions would produce an embryo with 32 cells arranged in the layers.
For this structural characteristic, decide if it is a characteristic of DNA , a characteristic of RNA , a characteristic of both DNA and RNA , or a characteristic of neither DNA nor RNA .
It contains thymine as a base.
You turn on a light so you can get a glass of water. At the moment the light turns ON, the amount of GTP bound to the Go subunit of trimeric G proteins a does not change b decreases c increases
Accordingly, when you turn on a light to get a glass of water, the amount of GTP bound to the Go subunit of trimeric G proteins does not change.
When you turn on a light to get a glass of water, the amount of GTP bound to the Gα subunit of trimeric G proteins does not change. The processes of light activation and GTP binding to G proteins are unrelated, so turning on a light would have no effect on GTP levels. Therefore, the correct answer is (a) does not change.
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When you turn on a light to get a glass of water, the amount of GTP bound to the Go subunit of trimeric G proteins increases. Therefore, option (c) increases is the correct option.
When the light turns ON, the amount of GTP bound to the Go subunit of trimeric G proteins increases.
This is because the light activates the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).
The receptor undergoes a conformational change, and the alpha subunit of the trimeric G protein dissociates from the beta and gamma subunits.
The GTP displaces the GDP, which causes the alpha subunit to bind to an effector protein. The effector protein converts GTP to GDP and, in the process, activates a signaling pathway.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the amount of GTP bound to the Go subunit of trimeric G proteins increases when you turn on a light.option (c) increases is the correct option.
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i need sleep help me out
One cell, which performs all of the processes required by the organism, makes up a unicellular organism.
The correct option is (a) performs all of the function
Explain features of unicellular organisms?A single cell makes up a unicellular creature, also referred to as a single-celled organism, as opposed to a multicellular organism, which is made up of numerous cells. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms are the two broad categories into which all organisms fall. Bacteria and archaea are two divisions of unicellular prokaryotes. While most eukaryotes have many cells, others do not, including protozoa, single-celled algae, and single-celled fungi. The earliest known forms of life are believed to be unicellular organisms, with the emergence of early protocells possible between 3.8 and 4.0 billion years ago. While certain prokaryotes are specialized cells with unique tasks, they do not always live in colonies. Together, these organisms must carry out all necessary life activities for each cell to survive.Learn more about the Unicellular organism with the help of the given link:
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Which statement describes the proper procedure for identifying an organism by using a dichotomous key?
Explanation:
A dichotomous key is a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish. Keys consist of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given item. "Dichotomous" means "divided into two parts".