(a) Suppose we have preferences U(X, Y) = X1 Y3. Create a table and graph/sketch the indifference
curve through the bundle X = 10 and Y = 10. What is the utility at (10, 10)?
(b) The Marginal Rate of Substitution is MRSXY = - Y/3X. Interpret what this means and explain
why the MRS changes along the indifference curve.
(c) Let prices be Px = $5, Py = $10 and income M = $500. Draw/sketch the budget constraint.
Explain what the slope of the budget line means in economic terms.
(d) Give the consumer’s utility maximization problem and express this in words. What are the two
conditions (equations) that identify the optimum? Sketch this in a figure and explain.
(e) Show and explain why these preferences imply that the consumer will spend ¼ of her income on
Good X and ¾ of her income on Good Y
(f) For the income and prices in (c), what is optimal X and Y? Show your work.
(g) Suppose Px rises to $6 and Py falls to $8 but income stays at $500. Does consumer utility rise or
fall? Show and explain.
(h) Calculate the Compensating Variation that ensures the consumer is no worse off nor better off
with these price changes. Show and explain your work
Answers
To create a table and graph the indifference curve through the bundle X = 10 and Y = 10, we will vary the values of X and Y while keeping the utility constant at U(X, Y) = 10^1 * 10^3 = 10,000.
How do we calculate the utility for different bundles?Table:
Bundle (X, Y) Utility (U(X, Y))
(10, 10) 10,000
(5, 20) 2,000
(20, 5) 20,000
(2, 40) 800
(40, 2) 40,000
The indifference curve represents all the combinations of X and Y that yield the same utility of 10,000. By plotting these bundles on a graph, we can sketch the indifference curve.
b. The Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS) measures the rate at which a consumer is willing to give up one good (Y) to obtain an additional unit of another good (X) while keeping the utility constant.
In this case, the MRSXY = -Y/(3X), which means that as the consumer consumes more of good X, they are willing to give up less of good Y.
Along the indifference curve, the MRS changes because of the diminishing marginal rate of substitution. As the consumer increases the consumption of good X, the marginal utility derived from each additional unit of X decreases, causing them to be willing to give up less of good Y to maintain the same level of satisfaction.
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Related Questions
Which factors can affect a stock's price? Check all that apply.
market performance
the company's financial health
the quantity products produced
location of the company
the economy
Answers
Answer:
market performance
the company's financial health
the economy
Explanation:
Stocks or shares represent small units of ownership in a business. The stocks of a public limited company are traded in the stock exchange markets. Investors trading shares are guided by the potential to make profits in deciding what shares to buy.
Share that shows signs of good returns attract many buyers. Investors will focus on a company's financial health as presented in financial statements, the overall state of the economy, and the general market performance to evaluate profits potential. If the conditions are favorable, a stock price will always be rising and present opportunities for profits.
Answer:
1, 2, 5
Explanation:
Which is an example of a small business showing social responsibility to individuals within the company?
A. starting an office recycling program
B. developing sustainable business practice
C. donating money to local organizations
D. allowing employees to work from home
Answers
Starting an office recycling program, developing sustainable business practice and donating money to local organizations are examples of a small business showing social responsibility to individuals within the company.
Company have a social responsibility to the communities in which they operate. This includes ensuring that they are good corporate citizens, providing support for local causes and charities, and protecting the environment.
Sustainable business is a term that is often used to describe businesses that are environmentally friendly or that have a positive social impact.
Hence, the correct options are "A, B & C".
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(look at the graph)
a) if the terms of trade are 4 chips for 1 pretzel, would trade be advantageous for Luxland? explain.
b) if the terms of trade are 4 chips for 1 pretzel, would trade be advantageous for Leanderland? explain.
Answers
Answer:
a) if the terms of trade are 4 chips for 1 pretzel, would trade be advantageous for Luxland? explain.
Yes, it is advantageous for Luxland. On its own, Luxland can only produce 1 chip for 1 pretzel, but with trade, 1 pretzel would now be equivalent to 4 chips, representing a net gain of 3 chips.
b) if the terms of trade are 4 chips for 1 pretzel, would trade be advantageous for Leanderland? explain.
No, trade would not be advantageous. We can see than domestically, Leanderland can produce 2 pretzels for every chip, because the graph shows that 4 chips are equivalent to 8 pretzels for this nation.
For trade to be advantageous, Leanderland should obtain at least 9 pretzels for the 4 chips.
A) The terms of trade will be advantageous for Luxland because, according to the graph, it can produce only one chip for Pretzel.
However, If it decides to trade, it would accrue a gain of 3 additional chips under the 4 chips to 1 Preztel arrangement.
B) Already, Leanderland gets 1 chip for 4 pretzels. Therefore, it will be disadvantageous for it to accept 4 chips for 1 pretzel trade arrangement. The above question seeks to highlight the comparative advantages of Leanderland and Luxland.
What is Comparative Advantage?When an economy or country has the ability to manufacture a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partners, it is said to have a comparative advantage. In the graph above, Luxland has a comparative advantage with the production of Chips.
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On October 15, 2020, the board of directors of Ensor Materials Corporation approved a stock option plan for key executives. On January 1, 2021, 28 million stock options were granted, exercisable for 28 million shares of Ensor's $1 par common stock. The options are exercisable between January 1, 2024, and December 31, 2026, at 90% of the quoted market price on January 1, 2021, which was $10. The fair value of the 28 million options, estimated by an appropriate option pricing model, is $6 per option. Ensor chooses the option to recognize forfeitures only when they occur.
Ten percent (2.8 million) of the options were forfeited when an executive resigned in 2022. All other options were exercised on July 12, 2025, when the stock’s price jumped unexpectedly to $26 per share.
Answers
Answer:
On October 15, 2020, the board of directors of Ensor Materials Corporation approved a stock option plan for key executives. On January 1, 2021, 28 million stock options were granted, exercisable for 28 million shares of Ensor's $1 par common stock. The options are exercisable between January 1, 2024, and December 31, 2026, at 90% of the quoted market price on January 1, 2021, which was $10. The fair value of the 28 million options, estimated by an appropriate option pricing model, is $6 per option. Ensor chooses the option to recognize forfeitures only when they occur.
Ten percent (2.8 million) of the options were forfeited when an executive resigned in 2022. All other options were exercised on July 12, 2025, when the stock’s price jumped unexpectedly to $26 per share.
A store posts the following figures: cost retail opening inv
$49,000 $93,000 gross purchases $57,000 $132,000 return to vendor
$2,500 $5,000 freight $1,500 gross sales $112,000 customer returns
$4,000
Answers
The gross profit margin for the store, based on the given figures, is 49.11%.
What is the gross profit margin for the store based on the given figures?To calculate the ending inventory, we need to consider the following figures:
Opening Inventory:
Cost: $49,000
Retail: $93,000
Gross Purchases:
Cost: $57,000
Retail: $132,000
Return to Vendor:
Cost: $2,500
Retail: $5,000
Freight: $1,500
Gross Sales: $112,000
Customer Returns:
Retail: $4,000
To calculate the ending inventory, we use the formula:
Ending Inventory (Cost) = Opening Inventory (Cost) + Gross Purchases (Cost) - Return to Vendor (Cost) + Freight (Cost) - Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) = Gross Sales - Customer Returns
Let's calculate:
COGS = $112,000 - $4,000 = $108,000
Ending Inventory (Cost) = $49,000 + $57,000 - $2,500 + $1,500 - $108,000
Ending Inventory (Cost) = $97,000
Therefore, the ending inventory (cost) is $97,000.
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An organization uses a database and application development tools through a cloud provider's _____ services.
Answers
An organization uses a database and application development tools through a cloud provider's PaaS services.
What is the significance of PaaS service?PaaS stands for Platform as a service. Platform as a service a complete development and deployment environment in the cloud.
Platform as a service consist of resources that enable the organizations to deliver everything from simple cloud-based apps to the sophisticated, cloud-enabled enterprise applications.
Basicaly, PaaS is use to create business applications much more quickly than with on-site solutions.
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Mark this question
Product Price $20.50
Unit Cost $10.25
Quantity Sold 500
Quantity Produced 800
Opportunity Cost $550
Calculate the firm's accounting profit from the data shown above.
A. $1.500
B. $2.050
C. $1500
D. $11275
Answers
The firm's accounting profit from the given data is $2,050.
To calculate the accounting profit, we need to subtract the total costs from the total revenue. In this case, the total revenue can be calculated by multiplying the product price by the quantity sold, which is $20.50 * 500 = $10,250. The total costs can be calculated by multiplying the unit cost by the quantity produced, which is $10.25 * 800 = $8,200.
Next, we subtract the total costs from the total revenue to find the accounting profit: $10,250 - $8,200 = $2,050.
This represents the monetary gain after covering all production costs.
In summary, the firm's accounting profit from the given data is $2,050.
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true/False? an evaluation model is a technique that uses a common yardstick to measure and compare vendor ratings.
Answers
True. An evaluation model is a technique that uses a common yardstick to measure and compare vendor ratings. For example, a vendor might be evaluated according to factors such as cost, quality, timeliness, and customer service.
An evaluation model is a tool or framework that is used to assess or measure the effectiveness, efficiency, or success of a program, project, process, product, or service. Evaluation models are designed to provide objective and reliable information that can be used to inform decision-making, improve performance, and optimize outcomes.
There are different types of evaluation models, and they can vary depending on the nature of the subject being evaluated and the purpose of the evaluation. Some of the commonly used evaluation models include outcome-based evaluation, process evaluation, cost-benefit analysis, logic models and quality assurance models.
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Which one of the following options about the function MATCH is accurate? Statement 1: MATCH function returns the value given its position in an array. Statement 2: MATCH function returns position given the value in an array. Statement 1 is true, and statement 2 is false. Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true. Statement 1 is false, and statement 2 is true. Both statement 1 and statement 2 are false.
Answers
Statement 1 is false, as the MATCH function does not return the value itself. However, statement 2 is true, as the MATCH function returns the position of a value in an array.
Statement 1: MATCH function returns the value given its position in an array.
This statement is false. The MATCH function in Excel or other spreadsheet programs is used to search for a specified value in a range of cells and return its relative position. It does not return the actual value itself. For example, if you have a column of numbers and you want to find the position of a specific number within that column, you can use the MATCH function to determine the relative position of that number in the array.
Statement 2: MATCH function returns position given the value in an array.
This statement is true. The MATCH function is primarily used to find the position of a specified value within an array. When you provide the value you want to search for as an argument to the MATCH function, it scans the array and returns the relative position of the first occurrence of that value. This position can be used for various purposes, such as retrieving the corresponding value from another column or performing further calculations.
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true/false. order date, amount sold, and customer number are all forms of data.
Answers
True, order date, amount sold, and customer number are all forms of data.
Data is any information that can be stored and processed by a computer. It is a collection of facts, such as values, figures, and numbers, which can be used for analysis and decision-making.
Order date, amount sold, and customer number all provide valuable information that can be used to improve a company's business processes. For example, knowing the order date can help a business plan for future orders and inventory levels.
The amount sold can be used to determine the popularity of a product or service, and customer number can be used to identify customers and track their purchase history. By analyzing this data, a business can better understand its customers and make better-informed decisions.
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What is TRUE about non-depository financial institutions?
Answers
Non-Depository financial institutions are those institutions that provide various financial assistance. These institutions serves as an intermediaries between borrowers and savers. ... The non-depository financial institutions include commercial banks, credit unions, and saving banks. Therefore, option D is correct
Do you feel that this country has made adequate progress in providing women with rights that are equal to that of men? Explain your answer.
Answers
Answer:
Yes.
Explanation:
There are so many opportunities for women to rise to the level of, if not surpass men. The 70 cents to the dollar thing is entirely false, and when accounting for the field and position, women typically make more than men. For single mothers, there is the WIC program (women, infants and children), but can you name a program that specifically supports single fathers? And, somewhat related sidenote, there is the whole "believe all women movement", (which in itself is sexist, but I yield) could you imagine if someone started saying "believe all men"? There is no way that would go over well.
Benefits to society from effective marketing include.
Answers
Some of the social benefits of effective marketing are related to increased competition and lower prices, in addition to generating more jobs and increasing the quality of life for citizens.
Benefits of marketing to societyThe main objective of marketing in a company is to create value for the consumer. Value is related to the consumer's perception of the values and characteristics of a brand.
Therefore, in the search for value creation, there is an increase in competitiveness that causes greater availability of products, heating up the economy and generating jobs.
It is also important to emphasize green marketing, which is related to sustainable practices to protect the environment, which increases the company's reliability and benefits society.
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Is it good that inflation rate is low?
Answers
If inflation is too low, the economy may be in danger of experiencing deflation, which is a phenomena linked to extremely sluggish economic conditions that involves dropping prices and maybe earnings on average.
Very low inflation typically indicates that consumer demand is lower than it should be, which usually slows economic growth and lowers wages. As we experienced a decade ago during the Great Recession, this poor demand could potentially cause a recession with higher unemployment. Low inflation may be a symptom of a poor economy as it is sometimes linked to economic weakness. People and businesses may be less eager to invest in and spend on consumption when unemployment is high or consumer confidence is low, and this decreased demand prevents them from driving prices up. Typically, when the economy weakens, inflation tends to fall.
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a cost that was incurred in the past and cannot be changed regardless of which future action is taken is a(n) .
Answers
A cost that was incurred in the past and cannot be changed regardless of which future action is taken is a(n) sunk cost. A sunk cost is a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered, regardless of any future action taken.
This means that a sunk cost should not be considered when making decisions about future investments, as it has already been paid.
For example, if a business purchased a piece of equipment for $1000 and that equipment is no longer useful for the business, the $1000 cost is considered a sunk cost and should not be taken into account when making future decisions about purchasing new equipment.
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Natalia has just finished her law degree, but as she starts her job search, she realizes that there many lawyers practicing in her area. What might that mean for Natalia
Answers
She will therefore need to put in more effort to become the top attorney in the region or relocate to a region with fewer attorneys might that mean for Natalia.
Why are lawyers called attorneys?Lawyers are those who have completed legal education, frequently after passing the bar exam. The word "attorney" has French roots and comes from a verb that means to represent someone else. Attorney is a shortened version of the official title "attorney at law."
Lawyers frequently haven't finished their exams, whereas attorneys typically have already taken and passed the bar test. Lawyers who take and pass their bar exams are entitled to use the title "esquire" when referring to the scope of their legal activity.
A person who offers legal advice is referred to as a "lawyer" in general. There are many distinct types of qualified lawyers in the legal field. It's well knowledge that the terms "solicitor"
Thus, She will therefore need to put in more effort to become the top attorney.
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write names of any four equipment that uses modern technology
Answers
Answer:
routers
Internet modems
desktop or notebook computers
servers
headsets
The four pieces of equipment that use modern technologies are an Internet modem, a Router, an internet switch, An Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)
Internet modem
The term "modem" is misleading because it dates back to the time when a digital signal was required to be modulated before being sent over an analog phone line and demodulated upon arrival.
However, every firm needs a link between an Internet Service Provider (ISP) and an office network.
Router
Every device on a network may receive a different IP address from a router. This is necessary for features like shared printing and scanning.
Anyone with the necessary credentials can connect securely to network devices from home or while on the go by setting up a virtual private network (VPN) on a router.
An Internet switch
Physical ports on routers are often few. Fortunately, a switch may be used to connect a router. Switches can have up to 48 ports. Stacking switches is another option. Therefore, each VoIP phone in your office that has, let's say, 24 lines will require a port (although a VoIP phone and a computer can be daisy-chained to a single switch port).
An Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)
A few hundred dollars to many thousands of dollars can be spent on a UPS, and companies like CyberPower provide a variety of products in this price range.
Low-end UPSs can run modems, routers, and switches for a few hours during a power outage because they consume little power. Employees with fully charged laptops can keep working.
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a group of firms manufactures writing implements such as pens, pencils, and markers. this group should be referred to as a(n):
Answers
A group of firms manufactures writing implements such as pens, pencils, and markers. this group should be referred to as an industry.
What is Industry?
Industry, a collection of profitable businesses or establishments that create or provide products, services, or income sources. Industries are typically divided into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary categories in economics; secondary industries are then further divided into heavy and light categories. A set of enterprises or manufacturers that generate a specific type of products or services is known as an industry. Fabrication, design, and sales of cloth are all done by textile workers. Every business part of tourism is included in the tourism industry. Industries are those sectors of the economy involved in the transformation of raw materials into finished commodities. Animal breeding and animal husbandry are both aspects of industry that are concerned with the production or processing of goods and resources. Activities requiring technological know-how and mechanical tools are referred to as industries.To know more about Industry visit:
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Determining Liquid Assets and Current Liabilities. Based on these items, what is the total of the (a) liquid assets and (b) current liabilities?
Checking account balance $860
Retirement account balance $57,000
Credit card balance $117
Coin collection $450
Savings account balance $2,675
Current student loan payment due $220
Investment account balance $8,000
Mortgage $178,000
Answers
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. B
(a) Liquid assets = Checking account balance + Savings account balance = $860 + $2,675 = $3,535
(b) Current liabilities = Credit card balance + Current student loan payment due = $117 + $220 = $337
In which of the years was libertyville most likely experiencing a trough in its business cycle?
Answers
In the year 2016, Libertyville most likely experienced a trough in its business cycle.
What do you mean by trough?The level of the economy's enterprise cycle that marks the cessation of a duration of declining enterprise pastime and the transition to expansion is known as a trough.
The enterprise cycle is the upward and downward motion of gross home product and includes recessions and expansions that lead to peaks and troughs.
Thus, In the year 2016, Libertyville most likely experienced a trough in its business cycle.
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You are asked to give a presentation for a local university business class. What should you focus on first when preparing for your oral presentation
Answers
When giving an oral presentation, the focus of the presentation should be on:
An oral presentation is a speech being delivered in person to an audience verbally and in person.
As indicated above, the key components of the oral presentation are:
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With a heterogenous stakeholder composition, Corporate
Governance of firms have immense responsibility to perform.
Explain.
Answers
Corporate governance of firms has immense responsibility to perform due to their heterogeneous stakeholder composition.
Corporate governance refers to the system of rules, practices, and processes by which a company is directed and controlled. In today's business environment, companies have a wide range of stakeholders, including shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, communities, and regulatory bodies, among others. Each stakeholder group has distinct interests and expectations from the company.
The heterogeneous stakeholder composition places immense responsibility on corporate governance because it requires balancing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Effective corporate governance ensures transparency, accountability, and ethical decision-making that takes into consideration the diverse needs and concerns of stakeholders. It involves establishing mechanisms to address conflicts of interest, protecting shareholder rights, promoting fair treatment of employees, fostering sustainable practices, and engaging with communities.
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What does the word “marginal” mean in economics?
Answers
Can you be wise and intelligent at the same time .
Answers
Answer:
yes :)
Explanation:
wisdom comes from experience intelligence doesn't
Answer:
yes of course .................
Explain why the credit industry wants you to believe that you need a credit score
Answers
Answer:
Because the credit industry gains a profit from it's users. Credit is a tool, and if used wisely can be beneficial for many people who don't have enough cash to pay for things. Having "good" credit score means that it's easier for you to receive a loan.
Let understand that Credit score refers the score which tells about a consumer's creditworthiness.
In practice, the higher the credit score of an individual, the higher the rate of repayment of credit gotten.
The Credit scoring is used the lenders to help them decide whether to borrow, extend or deny credit.
Therefore, the credit industry wants one to believe you need credit score because its helps them to ascertain your creditworthiness.
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A company would need to record an impairment loss for its equipment when:
a. the original cost of the equipment exceeds its fair value and is deemed not recoverable
b. management determines that the equipment will no longer be used.
c. the carrying amount of the equipment exceeds its fair value and is deemed not recoverable.
d. the cash flows from the equipment are less than its fair value
Answers
A company would need to record an impairment loss for its equipment when the carrying amount of the equipment exceeds its fair value and is deemed not recoverable. The correct option is C.
Impairment is defined as a decrease in an asset's value due to a shift in economic conditions or an unfortunate occurrence. When a company records an impairment loss, it reduces the asset's carrying amount and earnings, and a new depreciation expense is calculated over the asset's revised life. The company records an impairment loss when the carrying amount of the equipment exceeds its fair value and is deemed not recoverable.
What is the carrying amount?The carrying amount is the cost of an asset less its accumulated depreciation. When you acquire an asset, you report its cost. Over time, the asset's value decreases due to depreciation. The carrying amount of an asset is the initial cost of the asset minus any depreciation that has been applied to it over time. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its fair value, the asset may be recorded as impaired.
What is fair value?Fair value is the price that a seller would receive from a willing buyer in a marketplace for an asset or liability. Fair value is sometimes known as market value because it is derived from current market conditions. The cost of an asset may not always reflect its fair value.
For example, if a company acquires an asset and then finds that the market for the asset has changed, the fair value of the asset may be less than its cost. The difference between the asset's carrying amount and its fair value is known as the impairment loss.
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of the $8,000 paid for insurance, what amount should be reported on the 2021 income statement as insurance expense? what amount should be reported on the december 31, 2021, balance sheet as prepaid insurance?
Answers
The insurance expense reported on the 2021 income statement would be $400. The prepaid insurance reported on the December 31, 2021, balance sheet would be $5,600.
If the coverage period for the insurance is 20 years, extending up to 2035, then we can calculate the amounts to be reported on the income statement and balance sheet as follows:
Insurance Expense on the Income Statement:
Since the coverage period is 20 years, we can allocate the insurance expense evenly over the 20-year period. Therefore, the insurance expense for the year 2021 would be $8,000 / 20 = $400.
Prepaid Insurance on the Balance Sheet:
To determine the prepaid insurance amount on the December 31, 2021, balance sheet, we need to calculate the remaining unexpired insurance coverage. As of December 31, 2021, there are 14 years remaining (from 2022 to 2035) out of the total 20-year coverage period. Therefore, the prepaid insurance amount would be $400 x 14 = $5,600.
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Fractional reserve banking contributes to _____ because banks do not keep enough cash on hand to pay off depositors if they were all to decide to withdraw their deposits at one time.
Answers
Fractional Reserve Banking contributes to financial instability because banks do not keep enough cash on hand to pay off depositors if they were all to decide to withdraw their deposits at one time.
What is Fractional Reserve Banking?
Fractional reserve banking is a banking system in which banks hold only a portion of their depositors' money in reserve and lend out the rest. Because the amount of money deposited exceeds the amount that banks are required to hold in reserve, they can use the excess funds to provide loans to other clients. This is beneficial for both the bank and the customer, as the bank earns interest on the loan while the customer receives a loan to fulfil their needs
The fact that banks only hold a fraction of depositors' money in reserve means that they do not have enough cash on hand to pay off all depositors if they were all to decide to withdraw their deposits at one time. This is the main reason why fractional reserve banking contributes to the possibility of a bank run.
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1. Suppose that incomes have fallen on average, and that the state of Florida had an extremely favorable growing season for its orange crop. How would we expect that this will affect the supply curve and why? (The supply curve can remain static, the supply curve can shift to the left, we do not have enough information to say, or the supply curve will shift to the right)
Answers
Due to severe weather and a disease that affects citrus fruit, Florida's orange harvest is anticipated to fall to its lowest level since before World War II. Orange juice costs would rise as a result of this further reducing the state's already meager supply.
Where Florida is Located?Florida is a state located in the southeast region of the United States. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and Bahamas to the east and southeast, Georgia to the north, Alabama to the north and northwest, the Straits of Florida to the south, and the Gulf of Mexico to the west.
The Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico both border this state, making it unique. With approximately 21 million residents and a land size of 65,758 square miles, Florida is the 22nd-largest state in the nation by both population and area (170,310 km2).
The Miami metropolitan area, which is funded by Florida, is the state's largest metro area even though Jacksonville is the largest city in terms of area.
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There is always some degree of government involvement in a mixed economy.a. Trueb. False
Answers
The given statement " there is always some degree of government involvement in a mixed economy because of the involvement of public as well as private sector in the economy" is false because of government would be involved in arranging the utilization of specific resources as well as could indeed exert control accented with oil - rubbed the private sector's businesses..
A mixed economy protects private property and permits some economic freedom in the use of capital, but it also permits government intervention to further social objectives.
A mixed economy seeks to address the drawbacks of both a capitalism and a socialist economy in order to create a novel framework. It respects the idea of private property ownership and the freedom that comes with it.
However, it recognizes the drawbacks of uncontrolled capitalism. Therefore, it suggests government regulation and economic planning to prevent prejudice toward the most vulnerable populations.
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