a) Using the terms, complete the following Paragraph: ATP, cellular respiration, photosynthesis, energy, plants, chemical


Living things require …….to grow, reproduce and perform metabolic processes. Green -------- can capture solar energy by the process of --------. The food from plants has stored……..energy. Through the process of -------, the food is broken down to produce ………. which is an energy molecule.


b) Consider the food chain below:


grass---->rabbit----> snake----> lion


1. How many trophic levels are in the food chain?


2. what organism in the above food chain is the producer?

3. What organism in the above food chain is the tertiary consumer?


4. What organism in the above food chain is the primary consumer?


5. If producers were absent, will the ecosystem still exist? Explain your answer.


6. How many percent of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?

The main function of the endocrine system is A. To release hormones that control the activities of cells and organs.

The main function of the endocrine system is to release hormones that control the activities of cells and organs throughout the body.

Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced by endocrine glands and are secreted into the bloodstream, where they travel to target cells and organs to help regulate a wide range of physiological processes, such as metabolism, growth and development, mood, and reproductive function.

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Answer:

1.94 g/mL

Explanation:

Following Archimedes' principle, the displaced volume of an object (meaning the volume of water it displaces if completely submerged in it) is equal to the object's volume.

Thus the volume of this Halite sample is 17 mL.

The density of an object is equal to the mass divided by the volume:

We input the data we know:

And calculate the density:

The structure that directly supplies the renal pelvis with filtrate is called the major calyx.

What is the urinary system?

The urinary system is also called the renal system, and it comprises the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra.

The primary function of the urinary system is to filter blood, eliminate wastes, and maintain the fluid and electrolyte balance. The urinary system accomplishes this task by filtering blood to remove toxins and impurities, converting the filtered waste products into urine, and excreting it through the urethra.

The urinary system is also responsible for regulating blood pressure, acid-base balance, and the production of hormones that help regulate erythropoiesis, bone metabolism, and blood glucose concentrations.

The urine that is excreted from the urinary system is composed of about 95% water and 5% solutes, such as urea, uric acid, creatinine, and electrolytes.

What is the structure of the renal pelvis?

The renal pelvis is the funnel-shaped central cavity of the kidney that connects to the ureter.

The renal pelvis receives urine from the minor calyces that surround the renal papillae. The renal pelvis is lined by a mucous membrane that is continuous with the lining of the ureter. The renal pelvis consists of a smooth, muscular wall that contracts rhythmically to propel urine into the ureter.

The renal pelvis is divided into two or three regions based on its location and size, and it is the site where the urine is collected and funneled into the ureter.

What is the major calyx?

The major calyx is a large, cup-like structure that collects urine from several minor calyces that surround the renal papillae.

The major calyx is an essential structure in the urinary system as it is the primary conduit for transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

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DNA fingerprints, such as those first used by Alec Jeffries, reveal variations in the locations of restriction enzyme recognition sites between different individuals.

DNA fingerprinting is a techniques that can identify the proportion of similarity or dissimilarity between two samples of gene. It is extensively used in forensics, to find the maternal and paternal relations. The principle of fingerprinting lies in recognizing the unique bands of DNA that are then matched with the other sample.

Restriction enzymes are also known by the name molecular scissors. These are endonucleases that cut the bases of DNA at the inside at specific locations only.

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The function of each lichen part is as follows: the fungal partner (mycobiont) provides structure and protection, absorbs water and nutrients, and anchors the lichen to its substrate. The photosynthetic partner (photobiont) carries out photosynthesis, capturing sunlight and converting it into energy to produce food for both partners. Together, they form the lichen thallus, allowing lichens to survive in various environments.

Lichens are unique organisms that result from a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga or a cyanobacterium. The lichen body consists of two main parts: the fungal partner, known as the mycobiont, and the photosynthetic partner, known as the photobiont.

The mycobiont provides structure and protection for the lichen. It absorbs water and nutrients from the environment, allowing the lichen to survive in various habitats. The mycobiont also plays a role in anchoring the lichen to its substrate.

The photobiont, on the other hand, carries out photosynthesis. It captures sunlight and converts it into energy, which is used to produce food for both partners. The photobiont is typically an alga or a cyanobacterium, and its photosynthetic activity is essential for the survival of the lichen.

Together, the mycobiont and the photobiont form the lichen thallus, which is the visible part of the lichen. The thallus can have various forms, such as crustose, foliose, or fruticose, depending on the arrangement and growth pattern of the fungal and photosynthetic components.

Lichens are remarkable organisms that can survive in extreme environments, including deserts and polar regions. Their ability to tolerate harsh conditions is due to the combined efforts of the mycobiont and the photobiont, which work together to ensure the lichen's survival.

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The two-parent DNA strands uncoil and split as the enzymes begin to unwind the strands, creating Y-shaped replication forks. The actual location of DNA replication and separation is at this time.

What is DNA replication and separation?

The opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands, priming of the template strand, and construction of the new DNA segment are the three main phases in replication. The DNA double helix's two strands uncoil at a specific spot known as the origin during separation.

Before dividing, cells must copy their DNA. This promotes successful inheritance of genetic features by giving each daughter cell a copy of the genome. The fundamental mechanism of DNA replication is similar across all organisms, making it a crucial operation.

As the Strand start to unwind the strands, the two-parent DNA uncoils and splits, forming Y-shaped replication forks. This is when DNA replication and separation actually take place.

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An adaptation exhibited by the tapeworm for survival in a host's intestine is the tough integument that is resistant to host digestive fluids. The correct option is e.

This adaptation is essential for the tapeworm's survival because it allows it to withstand the harsh environment of the host's digestive system. The tapeworm's integument is composed of a complex mixture of proteins and lipids that provide a barrier against the digestive enzymes and acids of the host. This enables the tapeworm to attach itself to the host's intestinal lining and feed on the nutrients that are being absorbed by the host's digestive system.

Without this adaptation, the tapeworm would not be able to survive in the host's intestine and would be expelled from the host's body. The other options listed are not adaptations exhibited by the tapeworm for survival in the host's intestine. Proglottids coated with calcium carbonate, alkaline secretions from the scolex, a protective lining of chitin, and eggs before the proglottids are digested are all adaptations that enable the tapeworm to reproduce and complete its life cycle, but they do not aid in its survival within the host's intestine.

Thus, e is the correct option.

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In this statement, the characteristic of life is growth, i.e the increase in number and size of cells.

Answer:

decrease fertility of soil

Answer:

Equator

Explanation:

Answer: rr

Explanation: Because when the first line is crossed with R and r, the result is Rr and rr respectively.

and on the second line the same happens

Answer:

The correct answer is - option B. point mutation.

Explanation:

A genetic mutation occurs due to a change in a single nucleotide base, either inserted or deleted from the genetic material (DNA or RNA) sequence, which represents the mutation called a point mutation.

It can take place by the substitution of the single nucleotide sequence in DNA or RNA in the genome of the organism, it is also known as substitution mutation.

Sickle cell anemia is an example of the point mutation that takes place due to a change in a single nucleotide sequence.

For the original sequence:

Mutated DNA Sequence #1: TACATCTTG

mRNA Sequence: AUGUAUCCU

Amino Acid Sequence: Met-Tyr-Pro

(Circle the change) A substitution mutation occurred at position 6.

What kind of mutation is this? This is a point mutation.

How many amino acids are different? The entire amino acid sequence is different.

Mutated DNA Sequence #2: TACGACCTTGGCGACGACT

mRNA Sequence: AUGCUGGAACCUGCGACU

(Circle the change) A substitution mutation occurred at position 4.

What will be the amino acid sequence? Met-Leu-Asn-Leu-Arg-Thr

How many amino acids are different? One amino acid is different.

What kind of mutation is this? This is a point mutation.

Mutated DNA Sequence #3: TACACCTTAGCGACGACT

mRNA Sequence: AUGUGGAUUCGCUUCUGA

(Circle the change) A substitution mutation occurred at position 9.

What will be the amino acid sequence? Met-Trp-Phe-Ala-Leu-Arg

How many amino acids are different? One amino acid is different.

What kind of mutation is this? This is a point mutation.

Mutated DNA Sequence #4: TACACCTTGGCGACT.ACT

mRNA Sequence: AUGUGGAACCGUGACUAC

(Circle the change) An insertion mutation occurred at position 12.

What will be the amino acid sequence? Met-Trp-Asn-Pro-Asp-Tyr

How many amino acids are different? Two amino acids are different.

What kind of mutation is this? This is a frameshift mutation.

Mutated DNA Sequence #5: TACACCTTGGGACGACT

What will be the corresponding mRNA sequence? AUGUGGAGGCCUGCUGA

What will be the amino acid sequence? Met-Trp-Arg-Pro-Leu-Arg

What kind of mutation is this? This is an insertion mutation.

How many amino acids are different? One amino acid is different.

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Answer:

carbon

Explanation:

because because it is not an element

Answer:

a. identical

Explanation:

Artificial selection is the approach used by a scientist trying to amplify the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene from a sample of jellyfish DNA to separate the GFP gene from the rest of the DNA.

Artificial selection refers to the human recognition of desirable qualities in plants and animals as well as the actions taken to strengthen and maintain such traits in succeeding generations. Artificial selection operates in a similar manner to natural selection, with the exception that in natural selection, these judgments are made by nature without human intervention.

In an evolutionary process known as artificial selection, humans actively choose which traits in organisms to preserve in their offspring or selectively breed from one generation to the next. For thousands of years, people have artificially selected plants and animals.

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Answer:

Answer is d

Explanation:

CO2 is converted into carbohydrates during photosynthesis

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They help turn the energy we take from food into energy that the cell can use. But, there is more to mitochondria than energy production. Present in nearly all types of human cell, mitochondria are vital to our survival. They generate the majority of our adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.

If an ER signal sequence were added to the N-terminus of a transmembrane protein, the engineered protein would adopt a structure that includes both an extracellular and cytoplasmic domain.

The ER signal sequence would target the protein to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it would be inserted into the membrane with the transmembrane region spanning the lipid bilayer. The extracellular domain would face the exterior of the cell, while the cytoplasmic domain would face the interior of the cell. This structure would allow the protein to function as a receptor or transporter across the membrane.
1. Transmembrane protein: A protein that spans the entire biological membrane, having both an extracellular and intracellular domain.
2. Structure: Refers to the organization or arrangement of a protein's components.
3. ER signal sequence: A short peptide sequence that directs the protein to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during its synthesis.
Now, if an ER signal sequence were added to the N-terminus of a transmembrane protein, the engineered protein would adopt a structure that targets it to the endoplasmic reticulum. This is because the ER signal sequence acts as a "zip code" that guides the ribosome to synthesize the protein in the ER. Once the protein synthesis starts in the ER, the transmembrane domains will be inserted into the ER membrane, ultimately leading to the correct transmembrane structure with both extracellular and intracellular domains.
So, the engineered protein would adopt a structure with the ER signal sequence at the N-terminus and the correct transmembrane arrangement, localized to the endoplasmic reticulum.

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Answer: My best guess would be Insulin

Explanation:

Insulin signals body cells to take up glucose from the blood, which returns blood glucose levels back to normal.

You need to use 12.5 microliters (μL) of the protein sample. This can be calculated by dividing 10 micrograms (μg) by 0.8 milligrams (mg) to get 12.5 μL.

To determine the amount of sample needed, you can use the formula: concentration = amount/volume. In this case, you are given the concentration and the amount, and need to solve for the volume. Rearranging the formula gives: volume = amount/concentration. Plugging in the given values gives: volume = (10 micrograms)/(0.8 mg/ml) = 12.5 microliters.

Therefore, you need 12.5 microliters of sample to load 10 micrograms onto a gel.

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Answer:

Both the initial and final substances are composed of atoms because all matter is composed of atoms.

Answer:

A. Catabolism

Explanation:

Catabolism is the process by which complex molecules are broken down into simpler molecules, like starch to component sugars or proteins to amino acids. Cell division is the process by which a parent cell will divide into two or more daughter cells, like mitosis or meiosis. Protein synthesis is the process by which proteins are made, this is through transcription and translation.

Answer:

A. Ocean currents influence weather patterns.

Explanation:

Great Britain is notorious for its gloomy cold and rainy weather. That is because a cold ocean current runs past it.

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