According to Sen. Hammond, what makes societies civilized and why did he think this justified the enslavement of black people in America?

Answers

Answer 1

According to this senator, he believed that every society in the world had divisions based on class.

He used this to justify the slavery that was being practiced in the Southern part of the United States.

According to him, slavery was not a sin. He considered it as a commandment that was practiced in the bible.

According to him all societies were made up of those that are considered as the lowly who have to help the high class in the society to achieve civilization.

In conclusion Senator Hammond believed that the use of slaves helps to make a country to get civilized through the labor that they would provide to the upper class.

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Which line of research helps explain why midwesterners started to rank shark attacks as a problem after the 1975 release of the movie jaws and its subsequent press coverage?

Answers

The line of research that helps to explain why midwesterners began ranking shark attacks as a problem after the 1975 release of the movie Jaws and its subsequent press coverage is the Agenda-Setting Theory.


The media can also shape people's opinions about certain topics or issues and influence how they perceive and react to them. In the case of the movie Jaws, it depicted a massive great white shark that terrorized a New England beach town, causing chaos and death in its wake. The movie was highly successful, and its release was followed by extensive media coverage, including news reports, interviews with the cast and crew, and discussions of the shark attacks' real-life implications.


In conclusion, the Agenda-Setting Theory explains how the media can influence people's perceptions of what should be considered as significant concerns. In the case of the Jaws movie, its extensive media coverage played a significant role in shaping how midwesterners perceived the risk of shark attacks. This increased perception led to the public viewing it as a more significant issue.

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State the future of EIC according to the queen proclamation

Answers

Answer:

I think that the East India Company was handed over to the crown since those who were overseeing the EIC was inept.

Explanation:

I hope this is what you are looking for. Sorry if not.

Answer:

Explanation:

What was the Queen proclamation?

Image result for State the future of EIC according to the queen proclamation

Proclamation, by the Queen in Council, to the Princes, Chiefs and People of India. In the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion (1857), the British Parliament passed the Government of India Act, transferring the rights and administrative authority of the East India Company to the British Crown.

How did the change from roman to Arab rule in North Africa affect the culture of both north and west Africa?

Answers

The change from Roman to Arab rule in North Africa had a profound impact on the culture of both North and West Africa.

When Arab armies swept across North Africa in the 7th century, they brought their Islamic religion with them, which eventually became the region's dominant faith. This resulted in a substantial cultural shift, as Islamic traditions and practises superseded many conventional Roman practises.

The spread of the Arabic language was one of the most significant effects of the Arab conquest. As the language of government, religion, and commerce, Arabic spread throughout the region. This had a profound impact on North and West African cultures, as Arabic literature, art, and music became dominant.

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in the message above, president roosevelt was not laying the groundwork for which of the following programs?

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In the message above, President Roosevelt was not laying the groundwork for the Social Security program.

President Roosevelt, in the message mentioned, was not specifically laying the groundwork for the Social Security program. The Social Security Act was actually signed into law by President Roosevelt on August 14, 1935, as part of his New Deal initiatives to address the economic challenges of the Great Depression. However, it is important to note that President Roosevelt did play a significant role in advocating for and implementing the Social Security program.

While the message does not specify the exact program for which President Roosevelt was laying the groundwork, it is worth mentioning that during his presidency, he introduced and supported various other programs and policies that aimed to alleviate the effects of the Great Depression. These programs included the Works Progress Administration (WPA), the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), among others. Each of these programs had its own specific objectives, such as job creation, infrastructure development, and labor rights, and collectively they formed a comprehensive approach to stimulate economic recovery and social welfare in the United States.

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Write an informative essay that explains a natural phenomenon such as the Pitch Lake in Trinidad or the aurora borealis.

FIRST TO ANSWER GETS BRIANLEIST AND THIS IS WORTH 30 POPINTS!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

U realise that the point number is 15 not 30?

But here is an answer!

Every storm cloud has a silver lining; in the case of space weather, that lining is the aurora borealis, more commonly known as the Northern Lights. (Viewers in the southern hemisphere are treated to an equivalent version called the aurora australis, or Southern Lights.) The phenomenon is best observed on a clear, cold night around the spring or autumn equinox. Find an open patch of sky well away from the interfering lights of the city, and you may catch a glimpse of the spectacle: curtains of pale light-green and blue, sometimes red or violet-shimmering above the northern horizon for minutes or even hours at a time.

Auroras occur when electrons and protons from the Sun strike gas molecules in Earth's upper atmosphere. As the solar particles encounter Earth's magnetosphere, they are drawn along the magnetic field lines and funneled toward the North and South poles. There, high above Earth's surface, they collide with atmospheric molecules, energizing them and causing them to glow. The colors that result depend on the gas molecules involved. The brightest and most common auroral color, a brilliant yellow-green, is produced by the glow of oxygen molecules roughly 60 miles above Earth. Ionized nitrogen molecules emit blue light when hit by solar particles; neutral nitrogen molecules emit a purplish-red light. All-red auroras are rare; they are caused by the glow of oxygen atoms 200 miles above Earth. The size and intensity of the aurora varies from night to night, and moment to moment, depending on the strength of the solar wind. On April 6, 2001, a large geomagnetic storm produced an aurora that was seen as far south as Alabama. The scientific understanding of auroras has advanced enormously in recent years with the launch of satellites designed expressly to study them. Instruments aboard NASA's Polar spacecraft monitor ultraviolet radiation and chemical changes in the upper atmosphere, effectively offering an up-to-the-minute report on the shape and intensity of the aurora. The Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Exploration (IMAGE) spacecraft, launched in 2000, studies Earth's magnetosphere in astounding detail. It can watch auroras evolve over a period of hours, and can even see auroras flickering in the far-ultraviolet wavelength. Recently and for the first time, scientists observed a phenomenon known as "black auroras." A black aurora isn't really an aurora at all: it's the dark, empty space within a colorful aurora where one would otherwise expect auroral activity to be visible. Nonetheless, black auroras exhibit distinct patterns, including curls, rings and writhing black patches. Nowadays, scientists often can forecast a spectacular aurora hours or days in advance, so it's worth checking space weather websites (See Related Links) with some regularity.

In the 1970s, with the aid of the Hubble Space Telescope, it became apparent that Earth is not the only planet with auroras. On both Jupiter and Saturn, auroras appear pink due to the large amounts of hydrogen in those planets' atmospheres. Jupiter's aurora has proved to be particularly intriguing. On Earth, the aurora is powered by a barrage of charged particles from the Sun. On Jupiter, auroras are generated instead by volcanic particles from the Jovian moon Io. These particles become ionized, expand and then are trapped in Jupiter's tremendous magnetic field. Rotating once every ten hours, Jupiter generates auroras many times more powerful than those on Earth. However, Earth's auroras remain unique in one respect: they are (at times, anyway) green. Indeed, Earth is the only known planet with green auroras, because it is the only known planet with an oxygen-rich atmosphere. As scientists look deeper into the universe for signs of other, potentially habitable worlds, auroras are one clue they examine. If a distant, unknown planet has shimmering green auroras, that's a strong indication that its atmosphere is rich in oxygen, perhaps enough to support life. Whether that life is capable of appreciating the auroras—well, that's another issue.

I got this from someone else so credits go to them not me

:)

Answer:

Every storm cloud has a silver lining; in the case of space weather, that lining is the aurora borealis, more commonly known as the Northern Lights. (Viewers in the southern hemisphere are treated to an equivalent version called the aurora australis, or Southern Lights.) The phenomenon is best observed on a clear, cold night around the spring or autumn equinox. Find an open patch of sky well away from the interfering lights of the city, and you may catch a glimpse of the spectacle: curtains of pale light-green and blue, sometimes red or violet-shimmering above the northern horizon for minutes or even hours at a time.

Auroras occur when electrons and protons from the Sun strike gas molecules in Earth's upper atmosphere. As the solar particles encounter Earth's magnetosphere, they are drawn along the magnetic field lines and funneled toward the North and South poles. There, high above Earth's surface, they collide with atmospheric molecules, energizing them and causing them to glow. The colors that result depend on the gas molecules involved. The brightest and most common auroral color, a brilliant yellow-green, is produced by the glow of oxygen molecules roughly 60 miles above Earth. Ionized nitrogen molecules emit blue light when hit by solar particles; neutral nitrogen molecules emit a purplish-red light. All-red auroras are rare; they are caused by the glow of oxygen atoms 200 miles above Earth. The size and intensity of the aurora varies from night to night, and moment to moment, depending on the strength of the solar wind. On April 6, 2001, a large geomagnetic storm produced an aurora that was seen as far south as Alabama. The scientific understanding of auroras has advanced enormously in recent years with the launch of satellites designed expressly to study them. Instruments aboard NASA's Polar spacecraft monitor ultraviolet radiation and chemical changes in the upper atmosphere, effectively offering an up-to-the-minute report on the shape and intensity of the aurora. The Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Exploration (IMAGE) spacecraft, launched in 2000, studies Earth's magnetosphere in astounding detail. It can watch auroras evolve over a period of hours, and can even see auroras flickering in the far-ultraviolet wavelength. Recently and for the first time, scientists observed a phenomenon known as "black auroras." A black aurora isn't really an aurora at all: it's the dark, empty space within a colorful aurora where one would otherwise expect auroral activity to be visible. Nonetheless, black auroras exhibit distinct patterns, including curls, rings and writhing black patches. Nowadays, scientists often can forecast a spectacular aurora hours or days in advance, so it's worth checking space weather websites (See Related Links) with some regularity.

In the 1970s, with the aid of the Hubble Space Telescope, it became apparent that Earth is not the only planet with auroras. On both Jupiter and Saturn, auroras appear pink due to the large amounts of hydrogen in those planets' atmospheres. Jupiter's aurora has proved to be particularly intriguing. On Earth, the aurora is powered by a barrage of charged particles from the Sun. On Jupiter, auroras are generated instead by volcanic particles from the Jovian moon Io. These particles become ionized, expand and then are trapped in Jupiter's tremendous magnetic field. Rotating once every ten hours, Jupiter generates auroras many times more powerful than those on Earth. However, Earth's auroras remain unique in one respect: they are (at times, anyway) green. Indeed, Earth is the only known planet with green auroras, because it is the only known planet with an oxygen-rich atmosphere. As scientists look deeper into the universe for signs of other, potentially habitable worlds, auroras are one clue they examine. If a distant, unknown planet has shimmering green auroras, that's a strong indication that its atmosphere is rich in oxygen, perhaps enough to support life. Whether that life is capable of appreciating the auroras—well, that's another issue.

Explanation:

NOT mine credit: 26sterave

Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay were the first people to reach the summit of Mount Everest.

They were part of an expedition.

The expedition was British.

Answers

The first two individuals to stand on top of the highest mountain in the world were Tenzing Norgay, a Nepalese Sherpa, and beekeeper Edmund Hillary from New Zealand.

Who was the first to reach the summit of Mount Everest?

On May 29, 1953, Edmund Hillary (on the left) and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay ascended Mount Everest to its 29,035-foot peak, becoming the first humans to do so. When Hillary was a senior in high school, she developed an interest in climbing.

In 1939, he completed his first significant ascent by ascending Mount Ollivier. During World War II, he was a navigator in the Royal New Zealand Air Force and sustained injuries in an incident.

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Using complete sentences, explain how the progressive movement influenced labor laws and rights. Make sure to include provisions set by the progressive movement for workers.

Answers

Answer:

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information:  Prior to the labor rights set by the progressive movement, there were many issues with child labor, unsafe working conditions, and long hours. The provisions that were set up alleviated many of these issues. The work day was shortened to eight hours in mines and other public work projects. Children under the age of 15 were not allowed to work in hazardous areas. No girls were allowed to work in underground mines and neither were boys under the age of 16. Also, the chief mine inspector had to have at least eight years of experience working in mines. Finally, convict labor was prohibited throughout the state, and the Department of Labor was established.

Explanation:

hope tht could help!


Why did the Texans chose San Felipe de Austin as the location for the consultation?
a.
It was the settlement that had a printing press.
b It was safe and away from the battlefields.
It was the midpoint between all the settlements in Texas.
d. It was the only settlement free of Mexican soldiers.
С.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
оооо

Answers

The correct Answer is letter C

States may restrict a person's right
to vote based on what
A. religion.
B. mental competency.
C. gender.
D. tax payments.

Answers

Answer:

tax payments

Explanation:

tax payments

B. Mental Capacity

Voting Rights can be restricted by residency, criminal record, citizenship, or mental capacity. You also have to be 18 years or older to vote.

An important reason for china’s rapid population increase in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was:.

Answers

Answer:

An important reason for China's rapid population increase in the 17th/18th century was. the introduction of new crops from the Americas.

Explanation:

Twelfth century Italian communes eventually developed into (5 points) Group of answer choices independent city-states feudal estates kingdoms ruled by strong monarchs monasteries

Answers

The Italian communes eventually evolved into democratic independent city-states, feudal estate kingdoms, and strong monarchies in the early 12th century.

The nations of France and Spain attempted to attack Italy. These two nations engaged in a four-year conflict, and their engagement marks both the first significant Italian involvement in World War II and the conclusion of France's nine-year hegemony of Southern Italy.

France was defeated by Spain in Catalonia and Spain took the control of Italy. The death of Cromwell caused significant political problems in England and France, who lost control of North Italy and agreed to a ceasefire with Spain.

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Which caption best replaces the question mark in this photograph?
A)
Abolish the Poll Tax and the Literacy Test
B)
Demand the Direct Election of Senators
C
Come in and Learn Why Women Ought to Vote
D)
Lower the Voting Age for Women to Eighteen

Which caption best replaces the question mark in this photograph?A)Abolish the Poll Tax and the Literacy

Answers

Answer: The answer is C ) Come in and Learn Why Women Ought to Vote.

Explanation:

Come in and Learn Why Women Ought to Vote is the caption best replaces the question mark in this photograph. Hence, option C is correct.

Why women Should vote main idea?

In the current period, when duties like meeting their children's needs and insuring their safety are no longer totally within their control, Addams argues that women should be permitted to vote so they can continue to uphold their obligations to their families and homes.

Anti-suffragists said that the majority of women did not want the right to vote. They claimed that because women had to take care of the home and the children, they did not have time to vote or follow politics. Some asserted that women lacked the knowledge or aptitude to engage in critical political thought.

In America, the 19th amendment provides legal protection for women's right to vote.

Thus, option C is correct.

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Wich factor is most inportant in deciding whether a goverment is confedaral or unitary

Answers

Where the power is balanced. Unitary has a strong central government while confederal has the power distributed more evenly among the states

what structure was central to ceremonies in early Mesoamerican civilizations

Answers

Answer:

Civilizations like the Olmec, Maya, Aztec and Inca all built pyramids to house their deities, as well as to bury their kings. In many of their great city-states, temple-pyramids formed the center of public life and were the site of holy rituals, including human sacrifice.

Explanation:

how did the gates by christo and jeanne-claude affect the site? the gates, site-specific work of art with a panel of deep saffron-colored nylon fabric hung from each of the numerous vinyl gates along the pathways in central park in new york city, by christo and jeanne-claude responses the traffic along nearby roads was blocked for days to protect the artwork from people and cars. the traffic along nearby roads was blocked for days to protect the artwork from people and cars. the experience of the park with the gates was so different that some people saw the park in a new way. the experience of the park with the gates was so different that some people saw the park in a new way. the permanent installation at the site remains a source of controversy among new yorkers. the permanent installation at the site remains a source of controversy among new yorkers. the landscape was permanently altered from the graffiti left in the wake of the project.

Answers

The gates via way of means of Christo and Jeanne- Claude have an effect on the web web page as The revel in of the park with The Gates become so exceptional that a few humans noticed the park in a brand new way.

The required details for park in given paragraph

Urban parks are inexperienced areas set apart for endeavor inner cities and cities. National parks and u . s . parks are inexperienced areas used for endeavor withinside the countryside. State parks and provincial parks are administered via way of means of sub-countrywide authorities states and agencies. Parks may also encompass grassy regions, rocks, soil and trees, however can also comprise homes and different artifacts such as monuments, fountains or playground structures. Many parks have fields for gambling sports activities such as baseball and football, and paved regions for video games such as basketball. Many parks have trails for walking, cycling and different activities.

Some parks are constructed adjoining to our bodies of water or watercourses and can include a seashore or boat dock area. Urban parks regularly have benches for sitting and can comprise picnic tables and barbecue grills.

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One of the areas that both mexican american and african american leaders focused their civil rights pursuits on was passing an equal rights amendment. securing equal access to education. using violent methods to achieve their goals. getting labor union leaders to organize their movements.

Answers

Both Mexican American and African American pioneers during the social liberties development zeroed in on passing an equal rights amendment and tying down equivalent admittance to education. Therefore, option (A) and (B) are correct.

These normal pursuits were driven by their common objective of accomplishing legitimate and social balance for their networks. The equivalent freedoms change planned to revere equivalent security under the law, battling separation and advancing common freedoms for all residents.

Admittance to education was viewed as a central stage in engaging underestimated networks and breaking the pattern of neediness and imbalance. While there were occasions of viciousness in a few social equality battles, the general focal point of these pioneers was on peaceful activism and quiet dissent to impact positive change.

Hence, option (A) and (B) are accurate.

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Which tribe's name means "people eater" in Choctaw?
O Natchez
O Atakapa
O Coushatta
O Houma

Answers

O Akakapa

Hope this helps!

Los Atakapa su nombre viene del idioma Choctaw y significa “devorador de gente”, este fue el nombre con lo que los conocieron los españoles.  

What are four events that led to the civil rights movement?

Answers

Answer:

- Jim Crow laws

- segregation

- KKK

- Black v. BOE

Explanation:

Which attribute did the Japanese government value?

Answers

Answer: The Japanese government values discipline, respect, and social harmony.

Explanation:

I need help like a paragraph so yah this is what I need help with Harnessing Human Energy.

Answers

Can you elaborate? What about human energy? Harnessing it how?

Which of the following statements about interpreting colors are true? Select 3 options.
a) Colors can evoke emotions and affect moods.
b) Different cultures may interpret colors differently.
c) Color blindness affects everyone's perception of colors.
d) Warm colors are always associated with positive feelings.

Answers

The correct statements are colors can evoke emotions and affect moods, different cultures may interpret colors differently, and color blindness affects everyone's perception of colors. Option a, b, and c is correct.

Colors can influence our moods and evoke feelings in us. The meaning of colors may be determined by cultural and social factors, among other things. In some cultures, for example, red symbolizes danger and evil, while in others, it is associated with love and passion.

When a person is colorblind, it affects their ability to identify and differentiate between colors. This can make it difficult for them to distinguish between red, green, blue, or other colors. The association of warm colors with positive feelings is a common myth because different colors have different meanings to different people.

Therefore, a, b, and c is correct.

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Colors play a critical role in how humans perceive and interact with the world around them. The following statements about interpreting colors are true: 1. Colors can evoke emotions and affect moods.

Colors are a potent tool for communicating mood and emotion. Warm colors such as red, orange, and yellow are associated with high energy and positivity. Cool colors such as blue, green, and purple, on the other hand, are often associated with calmness and relaxation. 2. Different cultures may interpret colors differently. Color perception can vary significantly across cultures. For example, in Western cultures, white is associated with purity and innocence, while in some Eastern cultures, it is associated with mourning and death. The color red is seen as romantic in Western cultures, while in some Eastern cultures, it is associated with good fortune and prosperity. 3. Color blindness affects everyone's perception of colors. Color blindness is a condition in which an individual cannot distinguish between different colors. It is a widespread issue that affects a significant number of people worldwide. As a result, it can impact how individuals perceive and interpret colors in their environment.Therefore, the three statements that are true about interpreting colors are:a) Colors can evoke emotions and affect moods.b) Different cultures may interpret colors differently.c) Color blindness affects everyone's perception of colors.

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Based on your understanding of the victorian age, which piece of information about the british empire best describes the relationship of the writer to tradition?

Answers

use of the traditional elegy ("In Memoriam" by Tennyson) questioning whether a benevolent God would allow a man at 22 to die piece of information about the british empire best describes the relationship of the writer to tradition

What is  british empire?

The British Empire was made up of dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories that were ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor governments. It all started with England's overseas territories and trading posts founded during the late 16th and early 18th centuries.

It was the biggest empire in history at its peak and the dominant worldwide power for over a century. By 1913, the British Empire ruled over 412 million people, accounting for 23% of the world's population at the time, and by 1920, it occupied 35,500,000 km2 (13,700,000 sq mi), accounting for 24% of the Earth's total land area.

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What was a common experience for working class children during the industrial revolution?

Answers

Answer:

During the Industrial Revolution poor children often worked full time jobs in order to help support their families. Children as young as four years old worked long hours in factories under dangerous conditions.

Explanation:

I hope this helps you!

The children who were underage and poor would work for restless hours in order to earn livelihood and support their families at the time of the Industrial Revolution.

What were the conditions of children during the Industrial Revolution?

The children were considered as a quintessential part of the labor that was carried out at the time of the Industrial Revolution. The working conditions were not suitable and dangerous to be working in.

Furthermore, the children were paid far less than an adult labor, and the work carried out by them at the industrial sites did not allow them to attain basic education.

Hence, it can be stated that at the time of the Industrial Revolution, the working conditions of the children were dangerous to be working in, and they were also underpaid.

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Who wrote the courtier

Answers

Answer:  The Courtier was written by Baldassare Castiglione.

Explanation:

Also, Hope this was helpful for your first question on Brainly :)

Select all that apply. What inventions have transformed the way that people communicate in the global culture?
cell phones
the internet
email
telegraph

Answers

Answer:

I believe it's Cell phones and The internet.

Explanation:

Answer:

I believe it's everything but telegraph because the telegraph can only go so far like 100 miles while everything else can go global

Explanation :

cell phones

the internet

email

When Southwest measures the annual operating expense of their service desk, they are focusing ________ on control Customer contacts are inputs in Southwest's customer service process. By monitoring the number of customer contacts from different types of channels, Southwest is engaging in _______ control

Answers

At the point when Southwest estimates the yearly working cost of their administration work area, they are zeroing in on Financial control on control Client contacts are inputs in Southwest's client assistance process. By checking the number of client contacts from various kinds of channels, Southwest is participating in Preliminary control.

At the point when Southwest estimates the yearly working cost of their administration work area, they are zeroing in on monetary control. Southwest Carriers knew about intricacies that would have emerged because of the Coronavirus circumstance and needed to deal with their monetary financial plans cautiously so they don't wind up losing important assets, time, and cash.

Client contacts are inputs in Southwest's client assistance process. By observing the number of client contacts from various kinds of channels, Southwest is participating in Starter control.

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What was the main reason for the student protests at kent state in the early 1970s?.

Answers

Answer:

Protesting the bombing of Cambodia by the United States military forces.

Explanation:

Hope this helps you!!! :D

Answer:

In May 1970, students protesting the bombing of Cambodia by United States military forces.

Explanation:

This should be the answer

what is one of the source of the nuclear threat in the russian domain? A)the political vacuum created with the fall of the Soviet UnionB)the lack of political control by the Russian PresidentC)The Soviet Union had aggressive nuclear weapons and energy programs.D)the lack of funds to export nuclear weaponsE)the West's testing of nuclear weapons

Answers

One of the sources of the nuclear threat in the Russian domain is a political vacuum created by the fall of the Soviet Union.

The correct option is (A).

This vacuum led to uncertainty regarding the control and security of the existing nuclear arsenal, increasing the risk of potential accidents or unauthorized use.  Furthermore, the economic instability that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union meant that many Russian scientists and nuclear experts were left without steady funding or employment. This led to concerns about the possibility of these individuals selling their knowledge and expertise to other countries or rogue groups seeking to acquire nuclear weapons. Additionally, the lack of proper infrastructure and investment in modernizing Russia's nuclear arsenal has led to concerns about the safety and reliability of the weapons themselves. All of these factors contribute to the ongoing nuclear threat in the Russian domain.

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PLEASE HELP WILL MARK BRAINLIEST

PLEASE HELP WILL MARK BRAINLIEST

Answers

1. Loss of land evidence is trails of tears
2. They slaughtered the tribes

The Democratic Alliance (DA) in Limpopo welcomes plans for the long-awaited commissioning of the Thohoyandou Taxi Rank in the 2021/22 financial year after long delays in the completion of the project. The intermodal building structure project which includes the taxi rank as well as a retail and office block commenced construction in June 2011. The facility has since had a plethora of issues and obstacles that have seen the project delayed and incur additional costs in remedial construction work. The initial cost of the Thohoyandou Taxi rank project was over R256 million and the department incurred a further R25.2 million in remedial construction works carried out on the project. The biggest issue the taxi rank construction project faced was that the building that reached practical completion in 2013 had shown cracks on the structure and had serious structural issues. A structural assessment by a structural engineer revealed numerous concerns regarding the structure of the building and that there was a need for remedial construction work to address the structural defects identified. The remedial work only commenced in 2017 (Anonymous, 2021).
1. What form of departmentalisation did the construction company responsible for building the taxi rank followed? Elaborate 10 Marks
2. 10 years and R256 million later, the rank has not been opened to public. Perform a control process to establish what went wrong and what could be the possible deviations. 30 Marks
3. Given that you are an operational manager from the municipality, what will be your solution to this predicament? 10 Marks 4. Who should be disciplined from the construction company and how? 10 Marks

Answers

I can provide you with some guidance and information to help you answer the questions based on the given case study:

Departmentalization by the Construction Company:

Departmentalization refers to the way in which an organization or company divides its activities and tasks into different departments or functional areas. It would require additional information to determine the specific departmental structure used by the company, such as whether they had separate departments for design, construction, quality control, project management, etc.

Control Process and Identifying Deviations:

To establish what went wrong and identify possible deviations in the construction project, a control process can be performed. Here are steps you can consider:

a. Identify Project Objectives: Clearly define the objectives of the taxi rank construction project, such as completing the facility within a specific timeline and budget while meeting quality standards.b. Compare Planned vs. Actual Performance: Evaluate the project's progress by comparing planned milestones, budgets, and quality standards against the actual performance. Identify any discrepancies or deviations.c. Root Cause Analysis: Investigate the reasons behind the delays, additional costs, and structural issues. This may involve examining project documentation, conducting interviews, and engaging relevant stakeholders to identify the root causes.d. Identify Corrective Measures: Based on the findings of the root cause analysis, determine the necessary corrective actions to address the deviations and prevent similar issues in the future. This may include redesigning the structural elements, improving project management processes, and implementing quality control measures.e. Monitor and Adjust: Establish a monitoring system to track the progress of corrective measures and ensure that the project is on track. Make adjustments as needed to address any new deviations that may arise.

Solution as an Operational Manager:

As an operational manager from the municipality, here are some potential solutions to the predicament:

a. Engage Expert Consultants: Bring in qualified structural engineers and construction experts to conduct a thorough assessment of the current state of the taxi rank. They can provide recommendations for remedial construction work to address the structural defects identified.b. Review Contractual Obligations: Evaluate the contractual agreements between the municipality and the construction company to determine if there are any clauses or provisions that can be invoked to hold the construction company accountable for the delays and additional costs incurred.c. Implement Strong Project Management: Strengthen project management practices, including regular monitoring, effective communication, and proactive risk management, to ensure timely completion of the remedial construction work and subsequent opening of the taxi rank.d. Establish Quality Assurance Processes: Implement robust quality assurance processes throughout the construction project, including regular inspections, independent assessments, and adherence to industry standards, to prevent further structural issues and ensure the facility meets required safety and quality standards.

Disciplinary Action:

Based on the limited information provided, it is difficult to pinpoint specific individuals for disciplinary action within the construction company. Discipline should be based on a thorough investigation of the project's shortcomings and the identification of individuals or departments responsible for the errors, negligence, or non-compliance. This would require a detailed analysis of project records, documentation, and interviews with relevant stakeholders to determine the specific parties accountable for the delays, cost overruns, and structural issues.

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