According to the following reactions, would the burning of 5.50 g of methane (CH4) or propane (C3H8) release more heat?

C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) ΔΗ = -2043 kJ

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) ΔΗ = -890. kJ

Answer:

The waters' temp increased

Explanation:

The temperature of the water in the swimming pool has increased due to the heat from the Sun. As a result, the particles in the water are moving faster and have a higher kinetic energy than in the morning.

Answer:

The ecliptic.

is the correct answer

the pH of the aqueous solution is 8.51 with a hydrogen ion concentration of [H+]=3.1×\(10^-9\)M

The pH of the aqueous solution can be calculated using the formula:

pH = -log[H+]

where [H+] is the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.

Substituting the given value, we get:

pH = -log(3.1×\(10^-9\))

pH = 8.51

An aqueous solution is one in which water serves as the solvent. It is utilised in a variety of applications, including analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and industrial chemistry. It is the most prevalent kind of solution used in chemical reactions. Water serves as both the solvent and the solute in an aqueous solution, where the solute is often a solid, liquid, or gas. Due to its high polarity and capacity to make hydrogen bonds with other molecules, water is an excellent solvent that can dissolve a variety of materials, including polar molecules and ionic compounds. Acid-base reactions, redox reactions, and precipitation reactions are just a few of the numerous chemical processes that take place in aqueous solutions. A variety of variables can have an impact on an aqueous solution's characteristics.

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This statement is true. When a solute is added to a solvent, it lowers the freezing point of the solution.

What is Freezing Point?

Freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid at standard atmospheric pressure. It is the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium, and the rate of freezing equals the rate of melting. For pure water, the freezing point is 0°C (32°F) at standard atmospheric pressure. However, the freezing point of a solution is lower than that of the pure solvent due to the presence of solutes, and the degree of lowering is proportional to the concentration of solutes in the solution.

The magnitude of the freezing point depression depends on the concentration of the solute particles in the solution. Since CaCl2 dissociates into three ions (one Ca2+ ion and two Cl- ions) in solution, it will have a greater effect on lowering the freezing point compared to glucose, which only dissolves as individual molecules in solution. Therefore, a 0.10 M aqueous CaCl2 solution will have a lower freezing point than a 0.10 M aqueous glucose solution.

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When hydrogen bromide (HBr) is added to 2-methylbut-2-ene ((CH3)2CCHCH3), an electrophilic addition reaction takes place, where the π bond of the alkene is broken, and the hydrogen and bromine atoms are added to the resulting carbocation.

The reaction proceeds through a Markovnikov addition, where the hydrogen atom attaches to the carbon atom with the greater number of hydrogen atoms.

In this case, the initial addition of HBr to 2-methylbut-2-ene leads to the formation of a primary carbocation, as the positively charged carbon atom only has one alkyl group attached to it. The primary carbocation is relatively unstable, and it can undergo a rearrangement to form a more stable secondary carbocation.

The major product that is typically obtained is the 2-bromo-2-methylbutane. The hydrogen atom from HBr adds to the carbon with three hydrogen atoms (the more substituted carbon), resulting in the formation of a secondary carbocation.

On the other hand, a minor product is also formed, which is 3-bromo-2-methylbutane. This product arises from the addition of HBr to the primary carbocation, which is less stable. Although the primary carbocation is less favored, it can still be formed and lead to the formation of the minor product.

In summary, the addition of HBr to 2-methylbut-2-ene yields two products: the major product is 2-bromo-2-methylbutane, resulting from the addition of HBr to the more stable secondary carbocation, and the minor product is 3-bromo-2-methylbutane, originating from the less stable primary carbocation.

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The total kilojoules in two tablespoons is  836.8 kJ.

To determine the total kilojoules in two tablespoons of a substance, we need to know the specific substance and its energy content per tablespoon. Different substances have different energy values, so without this information, it is not possible to provide an accurate calculation.

The energy content of food or substances is typically measured in kilocalories (kcal) or kilojoules (kJ). 1 kilocalorie is equal to 4.184 kilojoules. The energy content of a substance is often listed on food labels or in nutritional databases.

For example, if we have the energy content of a substance as 100 kilocalories (kcal) per tablespoon, we can convert it to kilojoules by multiplying it by 4.184:

100 kcal * 4.184 kJ/kcal = 418.4 kJ

So, if we have two tablespoons of this substance, the total energy would be:

418.4 kJ/tablespoon * 2 tablespoons = 836.8 kJ

It's important to note that the energy content of a substance can vary depending on its composition, density, and other factors. Therefore, it is always recommended to refer to reliable sources such as food labels, nutritional databases, or consult a qualified professional to obtain accurate information regarding the energy content of specific substances.

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a) The equation for the ionization energy of fluorine is; \(F---- > F^+ + e\)

b) Fluorine has a greater nuclear charge than oxygen

c) The first ionization energy of xenon is greater than that of fluorine because it has more nuclear charge than fluorine

d) The Lewis dot structures are shown in the images attached.

e i) The geometry is trigonal pyramidal

e ii) The \(Xe F_{4}\) is \(sp^3d^2\) hybridized and is square planar

f) The molecule is polar because it is not symmetrical

We know that the ionization energy has to do with the energy that must be supplied so as to be remove an electron from the atom. We know that the ionization energy does increase across the period but it would decrease down the group.

The reason for the increase in the ionization energy across the period would be the fact that the nuclear charge increases across the period but remains the same down the group.

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6.02 x \(10^{20\) formula units of MgCl₂ is equal to 0.1 moles of MgCl₂.

To convert formula units of MgCl₂ to moles of MgCl₂, we need to use Avogadro's number, which relates the number of formula units to the number of moles.

Avogadro's number (NA) is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 formula units per mole.

Given that we have 6.02 x 10^20 formula units of MgCl₂, we can set up a conversion factor to convert to moles:

(6.02 x 10^20 formula units MgCl₂) * (1 mol MgCl₂ / (6.022 x 10^23 formula units MgCl₂))

The formula units of MgCl₂ cancel out, and we are left with moles of MgCl₂:

(6.02 x 10^20) * (1 mol / 6.022 x 10^23) = 0.1 mol

Therefore, 6.02 x 10^20 formula units of MgCl₂ is equal to 0.1 moles of MgCl₂.

It's important to note that this conversion assumes that each formula unit of MgCl₂ represents one mole of MgCl₂. This is based on the stoichiometry of the compound, where there is one mole of MgCl₂ for every one formula unit.

Additionally, this conversion is valid for any substance, not just MgCl₂, as long as you know the value of Avogadro's number and the number of formula units or particles you have.

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Answer: 4.88 g/mol. and helium

Explanation:

To find the molar mass of the gas, we can use the ideal gas law equation which is PV=nRT where:

P = pressure = 2.000 atm

V = volume = 50.00 L

n = number of moles

R = gas constant = 0.08206 L·atm/K·mol

T = temperature = 273.15 K

First, we need to find the number of moles of the gas:

PV = nRT

n = PV/RT

n = (2.000 atm)(50.00 L)/(0.08206 L·atm/K·mol)(273.15 K)

n = 1.844 mol

Now, we can find the molar mass of the gas by dividing its mass by the number of moles:

molar mass = mass/number of moles

mass = 9.00 g

molar mass = 9.00 g/1.844 mol

molar mass = 4.88 g/mol

Therefore, the molar mass of the gas is 4.88 g/mol.

To determine what gas this is, we can compare the molar mass of the gas to the molar masses of known gases. The molar mass of 4.88 g/mol is closest to that of helium (4.00 g/mol). Therefore, this gas is most likely helium.

Answer:

Volume = 3.4 L

Explanation:

In order to calculate the volume of CO₂ produced when 15.2 g of CaCO₃ is heated, we need to first write out the balanced equation of the thermal decomposition of CaCO₃:

CaCO₃ (s) + [Heat] ⇒ CaO (s) + CO₂ (g)

Now, let's calculate the number of moles in 15.2 g CaCO₃:

mole no. = \(\mathrm{\frac{mass}{molar \ mass}}\)

                 = \(\frac{15.2}{40.1 + 12 + (16 \times 3)}\)

                 = 0.1518 moles

From the balanced equation above, we can see that the stoichiometric molar ratios of CaCO₃ and CO₂ are equal. Therefore, the number of moles of CO₂ produced is also 0.1518 moles.

Hence, from the formula for the number of moles of a gas, we can calculate the volume of  CO₂:

mole no. = \(\mathrm{\frac{Volume \ in \ L}{22.4}}\)

⇒ \(0.1518 = \mathrm{\frac{Volume}{22.4}}\)

⇒ Volume = 0.1518 × 22.4

                 = 3.4 L

Therefore, if 15.2 g of CaCO₃ is heated, 3.4 L of CO₂ is produced at STP.

Answer:

Mx will be less than My.

Explanation:

The correct option is - Mx will be less than My.

Because, liquid X have been higher viscosity and vapor pressure than liquid B.

Vapor pressure of liquid A is greater, so the amount of liquid X will vaporized greater and H2 gas has been displaced greater from the beaker as compared to liquid Y.

The amount of H2 in liquid Y remains greater in beaker as compared to liquid X.

So, Mx will be less than My.

Answer:

think I did this before and its V

Answer:

10573.9K

Explanation:

Using pressure law equation;

P1/T1 = P2/T2

Where;

P1 = initial pressure (mmHg)

P2 = final pressure (mmHg)

T1 = initial temperature (K)

T2 = final temperature (K)

According to the information provided in this question,

P1 = 46mmHg

P2 = 760mmHg

T1 = 640K

T2 = ?

Using P1/T1 = P2/T2

46/640 = 760/T2

Cross multiply

640 × 760 = 46 × T2

486400 = 46T2

T2 = 486400 ÷ 46

T2 = 10573.9K

The Density of copper sample is 8.9 g/cm³ to the nearest tenth.

Density is the ratio of the mass of a substance and the volume occupied by that substance.

Density measures how tightly-packed the particles in a substance are.

The more tightly-packed the particles are, the denser the substance will be.

The  formula for calculating the density of a substance is given below as:

Dense substances have smaller volumes but greater masses.

The mass of the copper sample = 39.2 g

The volume of the copper sample = 4.4 cm³

Hence, the density of the copper sample will be:

Density of copper sample = 39.2 g/4.4 cm³

Density of copper sample =8.9 g/cm³

In conclusion, density is a ratio of mass and volume.

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Answer:

(i) of protons

(ii) total number of both protons and neutrons

(b)they are neutral or have no overall charge because there are equal numbers of negative electrons to positive protons

Explanation:

Since both charges are equal, the number of positive protons cancels the number of negative electrons, thereby making the atom neutral

According to the electronic configuration of the element livermorium-113 there are 14 electrons with n=5, l=3,ml=1,ms=-1/2 as their quantum numbers.

Quantum numbers are the numbers which describe the values of conserved quantities with respect to the dynamics of a quantum system.They correspond to the Eigen values of operators which commute with the Hamiltonian quantities.

The Hamiltonian quantities can be known with precision simultaneously with the system's energy.Quantum numbers can take values of discrete sets of integers or even half-integers even though they can approach infinity in some cases.

They can specifically describe energy levels of electrons, and can also explain angular momentum,spin,etc.These are used to describe the path of an electron in an atom ,when the quantum numbers of all atoms are combined they must comply with the Schrodinger equation.

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Answer:

Oppositely charged particles attract each other. This attractive force is often referred to as an electrostatic force. An ionic bond is the electrostatic force that holds ions together in an ionic compound.

Explanation:

Hope this helps :)

The volume of hydrogen gas produced in the reaction of 73 grams of zinc and 73 grams of hydrochloric acid (under normal conditions) is approximately 22.4 liters.

To calculate the volume of hydrogen gas produced in the reaction of zinc and hydrochloric acid, we need to use the principles of stoichiometry and the ideal gas law.

First, let's write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between zinc (Zn) and hydrochloric acid (HCl):

Zn + 2HCl →\(ZnCl_2\)+ H2

From the equation, we can see that one mole of zinc reacts with two moles of hydrochloric acid to produce one mole of hydrogen gas. To determine the number of moles of zinc and hydrochloric acid, we need to convert the given masses into moles.

The molar mass of zinc (Zn) is approximately 65.38 g/mol, so 73 grams of zinc is equal to:

73 g Zn * (1 mol Zn / 65.38 g Zn) ≈ 1.116 mol Zn

Similarly, the molar mass of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is approximately 36.46 g/mol, so 73 grams of HCl is equal to:

73 g HCl * (1 mol HCl / 36.46 g HCl) ≈ 2.002 mol HCl

According to the balanced equation, the reaction produces one mole of hydrogen gas for every two moles of hydrochloric acid. Therefore, since we have 2.002 moles of HCl, we expect to produce half that amount, or approximately 1.001 moles of hydrogen gas.

To calculate the volume of hydrogen gas, we can use the ideal gas law, which states:

PV = nRT

Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature. In this case, we assume the reaction is conducted under normal conditions, which means a pressure of 1 atmosphere and a temperature of 273.15 Kelvin.

Rearranging the equation to solve for V, we have:

V = nRT / P

Substituting the values, we get:

V = (1.001 mol) * (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K)) * (273.15 K) / (1 atm) ≈ 22.4 L

Therefore, the volume of hydrogen gas produced in the reaction is approximately 22.4 liters.

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Heat = mass * specific heat. According to the definition, a material's specific heat capacity is normally calculated by measuring the heat capacity of a sample of the substance.

Heat capacity = mass* specific heat.

                   = 15 g * ( 100 c)

                   = 1500 g c.

When a substance, especially a gas, is heated while being allowed to expand (specific heat capacity at constant pressure) as opposed to being heated in a closed vessel that forbids expansion.

Its specific heat capacity may be much larger (specific heat capacity at constant volume). 

Therefore, Heat = mass * specific heat. According to the definition, a material's specific heat capacity is normally calculated by measuring the heat capacity of a sample of the substance.

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Answer:

The Relationship between Pressure and Volume: Boyle's Law

As the pressure on a gas increases, the volume of the gas decreases because the gas particles are forced closer together. Conversely, as the pressure on a gas decreases, the gas volume increases because the gas particles can now move farther apart

Answer:

It would most likely just change their color

Explanation: The frequency of dark-coloured moths increased at that time, an example of industrial melanism. Later, when pollution was reduced, the light-coloured form again predominated. ... The dark-coloured or melanic form of the peppered moth

If pollution near factories was reduced, then this situation increased the frequency of white moths.

Industrial melanism is an evolutionary feature associated with the increase of dark moths in industrial polluted areas.

In conclusion, if pollution near factories was reduced, then this situation increased the frequency of white moths.

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Answer:

A ---->gamma ray

Explanation:

Gamma rays have the highest frequencies among all electromagnetic waves and therefore have the shortest wavelengths.

Answer:

The ozone layer is a layer of the Earth's atmosphere that protects us from the sun's harmful UV radiation.

To solve this problem, we need to convert the time in years to seconds, and then multiply it by the speed of light to find the distance traveled.

First, we'll convert the time in years to days: 4.00 years * 365.25 days/year = 1461 days

Now we'll convert days to seconds: 1461 days * 24 hours/day * 60 minutes/hour * 60 seconds/minute = 31,557,600 sec

Now we can multiply the time in seconds by the speed of light to find the distance traveled: 31,557,600 sec * (1 meter / (1/299,772,458)) = 9.461*10^16 meters

To express the distance in kilometers we need to divide the distance in meters by 1000

9.46110^16 meters / 1000 = 9.46110^13 kilometers.

So, light travels 9.461*10^13 kilometers in 4.00 years.

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Answer:

Any element in group 1 has just one valence electron. Examples include hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), and sodium (Na). Any element in group 18 has eight valence electrons (except for helium, which has a total of just two electrons).

Explanation:

How many valence electrons does each element have?

The Group 1 atoms have 1 valence electron. The Group 2 atoms have 2 valence electrons. The Group 3 atoms have 3 valence electrons. The Group 4 atoms have 4 valence electrons.

I hope it's helpful

The reaction of 2-Bromo-2-Ethyl-3-Methylbutane with methanol is an example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In this reaction, the methanol molecule acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbon atom of the bromoalkane, resulting in the displacement of the leaving group (bromine) and the formation of a new carbon-oxygen (C-O) bond.

The reaction mechanism can be described as follows:

Protonation: In the first step, the methanol molecule acts as a base and abstracts a proton from the sulfuric acid catalyst to form the methoxide ion (CH3O-).

Nucleophilic attack: The methoxide ion then attacks the carbon atom of the bromoalkane, which is electrophilic due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the bromine atom. The attack results in the formation of a transition state in which the carbon-bromine bond is weakened and the carbon-oxygen bond is forming.

Elimination: The transition state then collapses to form the product, methylethylmethylcarbinol, with the simultaneous loss of the bromide ion. This step is known as the elimination step and occurs as the newly formed C-O bond is more stable than the weakened C-Br bond.

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The percent ionization of the unknown monoprotic acid is 7.51%.

What is Room Temperature?

Room temperature is a range of temperatures that is comfortable for humans to be in for extended periods of time, typically between 20-25 degrees Celsius (68-77 degrees Fahrenheit). However, the definition of room temperature can vary depending on cultural and regional norms, as well as the specific application. In scientific contexts, room temperature is often defined more precisely, for example as 20-22 degrees Celsius (68-72 degrees Fahrenheit) in laboratory settings.

The percent ionization of an acid is defined as the ratio of the concentration of ionized acid (H+) to the initial concentration of the acid (HA) multiplied by 100%.

% Ionization = [H+]/[HA] x 100%

The concentration of H+ in a solution can be calculated from the pH using the formula:

pH = -log[H+]

Rearranging this equation gives:

[H+] = 10^(-pH)

Substituting the given values of pH = 1.862 and the initial concentration of the acid [HA] = 0.213 M into these equations, we get:

[H+] = 10^(-1.862) = 0.016 M

% Ionization = [H+]/[HA] x 100% = (0.016 M/0.213 M) x 100% = 7.51%

Therefore, the percent ionization of the unknown monoprotic acid is 7.51%.

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