All decisions involving the hotel's management should start with the clients and visitors.
What is management?Management is the coordination and administration of tasks to achieve a goal. Such administration activities include setting the organization’s strategy and coordinating the efforts of staff to accomplish these objectives through the application of available resources. Management can also refer to the seniority structure of staff members within an organization.To be an effective manager, you’ll need to develop a set of skills, including planning, communication, organization and leadership. You will also need extensive knowledge of the company’s goals and how to direct employees, sales and other operations to accomplish them.“Management” is the process of working with and through others to effectively achieve the goals of the organization, by efficiently using limited resources.To learn more about communication refer to:
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Behavioral economists criticize neoclassical models as being? messy and imprecise. vague but accurate. precise but inaccurate. accurate but artificially elegant.
Behavioral economists criticize neoclassical models as accurate but artificially elegant.
Behavioral economists criticize neoclassical models for being accurate but artificially elegant. Neoclassical models, rooted in traditional economic theory, often assume rationality, perfect information, and consistent decision-making. However, behavioral economists argue that these models do not accurately capture human behavior, which is often influenced by cognitive biases, social factors, and emotions. While neoclassical models may be mathematically precise and internally consistent, they fail to incorporate the messy and imprecise realities of human decision-making. Behavioral economists emphasize the importance of understanding actual human behavior, incorporating psychological insights and empirical observations into economic analysis. They argue that the neoclassical models' focus on elegant mathematical formalism overlooks the complexity and nuances of real-world economic behavior, leading to limited predictive power and a narrow understanding of economic phenomena.
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The demand for seats in 10 a.m. classes at the College of the Canyons is higher than the demand for seats in 8 a.m. classes. The supply is fixed. If the college prices classes at the price required to achieve equilibrium at 10 a.m., there will be
If the institution prices classes at the price required to achieve equilibrium at 10 a.m., there will be a surplus at 8 a.m.
What is the demand?The demand is defined as the quantity of commodity that a customer of a product wants it at each possible prices during a given period of time. This relation of demand with the price is an inverse relation.
In this scenario, the demand for seats at 10 a.m. classes at the College of the Canyons is greater than the demand for seats at 8 a.m. classes.
There will be a surplus at 8 a.m. if the college prices classes at the price required to attain equilibrium at 10 a.m.
Therefore, demand is opposite to the supply.
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Lawrence is a buyer closing on a home purchase for which he's obtaining financing. He receives a Loan Estimate from his lender. What's the purpose of this document?
Answer: The purpose of this document is to detail estimated closing costs for Lawrence's loan
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Lawrence is a buyer closing on a home purchase for which he's obtaining financing and that he receives a loan estimate from his lender.
The function of a loan estimate is to detail estimated closing costs for the loan that Lawrence's took. With the low estimate, Lawrence will have an idea of what he'll pay
I’LL GIVE 100 POINTS!!
PLZ HELP NEED ANSWERS WITHIN 24 HOURS!!!
UNIT 5
Critical Thinking Questions
Please complete the following questions. Use a word processor to complete your work. Remember to use complete sentences and include both the questions and answers when you submit your work.
Submit your work as a file attachment using the dropbox.
The answers to the Critical Thinking Questions are worth 10 points.
1. Why do professional and ethical standards exist in marketing? Analyze and explain what these standards are and how they impact marketing in business.
2. What role do ethics play in the workplace? Identify and describe several scenarios that illustrate and help to explain the significance of ethics in the workplace.
Answer:
The principle of professionalism is a standard of personal conduct by a professional in his business dealings. While guidelines for acceptable and expected behavior vary from industry to industry, personal principles typically focus on ethics, code of conduct, appropriate personal interactions and workplace integrity.
Explanation:
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What are the goals of government regulation?
low unemployment, price stability,
economic growth
O high unemployment, price instability,
economic growth
low unemployment, price stability,
economic steadiness
O high unemployment, price instability,
economic steadiness
Answer: A) low unemployment, price stability, economic growth
Explanation: Government regulation attempts to promote growth, full employment, and price stability for the well-being of the citizens
The goals of an ideal government while making regulations shall include the following purposes,
low unemployment, price stability,economic growth.Therefore, the option A holds true.
What is the significance of government goals?The goals of a government can be referred to or considered as the qualitative and quantitative targets set by the government in order to foresee better conditions in the future. These are backed by economic plans and regulations.
For a developing or a developed government, the goals must be economically based while being regulated. These goals must include reduced poverty and unemployment in order to achieve a healthy economic growth.
Therefore, the option A holds true and states regarding the significance of the goals of a government.
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Assuming your company is producing small and big tables. It requires 5 pounds of wood and 6 minutes of labor to produce each small table. It requires 8 pounds of wood and 12 minutes of labor to produce each big table. You receive $5 profit from each small table sold, and $7 profit from each big table sold. There is no more than 120 pounds of wood available and at least 6 hours of labor must be made available for table production each day. Because of backlog orders for big tables, it is needed to produce at least 180 big tables per day. Formulate this problem as a Linear Programming (LP) model to maximize the profit.
To formulate this problem as a Linear Programming (LP) model, we need to define decision variables, objective function, and constraints.
Decision Variables:
Let x represent the number of small tables produced per day, and y represent the number of big tables produced per day.
Objective Function:
We want to maximize the profit, so our objective function is:
Profit = 5x + 7y
Constraints:
1. Wood constraint: The total weight of wood used should not exceed the available 120 pounds.
5x + 8y ≤ 120
2. Labor constraint: At least 6 hours of labor must be available each day, with each table requiring specific labor minutes.
6 minutes are needed for each small table, and 12 minutes for each big table.
6x + 12y ≤ 6 * 60
3. Minimum big table constraint: At least 180 big tables need to be produced each day.
y ≥ 180
Non-negativity constraints:
x ≥ 0
y ≥ 0
To summarize, we have the following Linear Programming (LP) model:
Maximize: Profit = 5x + 7y
Subject to:
5x + 8y ≤ 120 (Wood constraint)
6x + 12y ≤ 6 * 60 (Labor constraint)
y ≥ 180 (Minimum big table constraint)
x ≥ 0
y ≥ 0
This LP model ensures that the number of small and big tables produced each day maximizes the profit, while considering the available wood, labor, and the minimum requirement for big tables.
In this problem, we want to find the optimal number of small and big tables to produce each day to maximize the profit. To do this, we define decision variables, objective function, and constraints.
The decision variables are x, representing the number of small tables produced, and y, representing the number of big tables produced. The objective function is the profit, which is given by 5x + 7y.
We have three constraints. The first constraint is the wood constraint, which states that the total weight of wood used should not exceed 120 pounds. This is represented by the inequality 5x + 8y ≤ 120.
The second constraint is the labor constraint, which ensures that at least 6 hours of labor are available each day. Each small table requires 6 minutes of labor, and each big table requires 12 minutes of labor. Therefore, the inequality is 6x + 12y ≤ 6 * 60.
The third constraint is the minimum big table constraint, which states that at least 180 big tables need to be produced each day. This is represented by the inequality y ≥ 180.
Lastly, we have non-negativity constraints, which ensure that the number of small and big tables produced is greater than or equal to zero.
The Linear Programming (LP) model for this problem is:
Maximize: Profit = 5x + 7y
Subject to:
5x + 8y ≤ 120 (Wood constraint)
6x + 12y ≤ 6 * 60 (Labor constraint)
y ≥ 180 (Minimum big table constraint)
x ≥ 0
y ≥ 0
By solving this LP model, we can determine the optimal number of small and big tables to produce each day in order to maximize the profit.
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(2) The objective function is: Profit = 5x + 7y
To formulate this problem as a Linear Programming (LP) model, we need to define the decision variables, the objective function, and the constraints.
1. Decision variables:
Let x be the number of small tables produced and y be the number of big tables produced.
2. Objective function:
The objective is to maximize the profit.
The profit from selling each small table is $5, and the profit from selling each big table is $7. Therefore, the objective function is:
Profit = 5x + 7y
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what audience solution should you use to reach home decor enthusiasts with your video campaign?
The various solution that you should use to reach home decor enthusiasts are-
Affinity Audiences.Demographics and Detailed Demographics.Life Events.Custom AudiencesWhat do you mean by Audience?
A group of listeners or viewers is called an audience. A sizable audience—readers, viewers, or listeners—attended the concert. The target audience for the movie is children.The lay audience, managerial audience, and expert audience are three different types of audience. You must advertise to and sell your goods to a valuable and focused audience if you want to run a successful business.To know more about Audience here
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In school we have to write a pitch where we persuade people to buy a product, one that we made up, but this product has to solve a problem any problem we want. I would like some inspiration or a little help, I’m struggling to find the right idea, this is a big deal in my school and I would like to win. Basically, like I said I have to make a product that solves a problem of my choice and persuade them to buy it, I just need help coming up with a product for whatever problem. Any help is appreciated,Thank you!
Sure, I'd be happy to help you come up with a product idea! Here are a few ideas to get you started:
What is product idea ?A water bottle with smart technology that tracks your daily water intake and prompts you to drink water frequently.A small, portable air purifier that enhances air quality in tight settings like a car or home office by removing dangerous pollutants.A sleep aid for persons who have trouble falling and staying asleep. In order to produce a soothing environment and encourage relaxation, the device may use light and/or sound.A helpful grocery shopping assistant that aids in meal planning, list-making, and cupboard inventory management.A tool, like a smart planner or a productivity software, that helps users stay organised and on top of their to-do list.To know more about Product ideas , check out :
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What is the payback period for the following set of cash flows?
Year Cash Flow
0 −$ 5,700
1 2,100
2 2,100
3 1,900
4 2,100
The payback period is the amount of time it takes for an investment to generate enough cash inflows to recover the initial investment cost. To calculate the payback period for the given set of cash flows, we need to find out in which year the cumulative cash inflows equal the initial investment of $5,700.
As we can see from the table above, the cumulative cash inflows reach $5,700 in Year 3, which means that the payback period is 3 years. This indicates that the initial investment of $5,700 will be recovered in full by the end of Year 3, and the remaining cash inflows in Year 4 will generate a positive return on investment.
At the end of Year 3, the cumulative cash flow becomes positive, meaning the initial investment of $5,700 has been recovered. However, since the payback occurs between Year 2 and Year 3, we need to find the exact point in time. To do this, divide the remaining amount at the end of Year 2 ($1,500) by the cash flow in Year 3 ($1,900):
The payback period for this set of cash flows is approximately 2.79 years.
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Later movers do not face: entrenched competitors. Reduced uncertainty over technologies. High growth markets. Lower market uncertainty
Later movers do not face reduced uncertainty over technologies. They may encounter entrenched competitors, high growth markets, and lower market uncertainty, but they do not necessarily have an advantage in terms of reduced technological uncertainty compared to early movers.
When a company enters a market later, it may encounter well-established competitors who have already captured a significant market share. These entrenched competitors can pose challenges in terms of market dominance and customer loyalty. However, later movers can still compete by offering differentiated products or services, targeting specific customer segments, or adopting innovative strategies.
While later movers may not have the advantage of being first to market, they can benefit from reduced market uncertainty. By observing the experiences of early movers and analyzing market trends, later movers can make more informed decisions and mitigate some of the uncertainties associated with market demand, customer preferences, and competitive dynamics.
In terms of technology, later movers often face similar levels of uncertainty as early movers. Technological advancements and disruptions can impact both early and later movers, and the pace of technological change is often independent of when a company enters the market. Therefore, later movers need to adapt and embrace new technologies to remain competitive and meet evolving customer demands.
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according to regulation s-p, when is a broker-dealer required to provide disclosures regarding their policies for protecting customer information?
Broker-dealers are required by Regulation S-P to give customers a privacy notice when their accounts are first opened and then once a year after that.
What is the S-P Regulation?On April 16, 2019, the SEC's Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations (OCIE), which is the principal regulation controlling privacy notices and the safeguarding policies of Registered Investment Advisers (RIAs), as well as broker-dealers, published a Risk Alert pertaining to Regulation S-P.
The Risk Alert guidance is intended to assist RIAs and broker-dealers in creating compliant privacy and opt-out notices to their individual clients (referred to as "customers") and is based on recent audits of RIAs and broker-dealers.
In compliance with Regulation S-P, the Risk Alert will assist businesses in adopting and implementing efficient policies and procedures designed to protect client records and information.
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Joe's company is looking to make a number of improvements. The firm would like to maximize potential volume and reserved instance (RI) discounts across multiple accounts and also apply service control policies on member accounts. Which service or tool can be used to gain these benefits
The service or tool that could be used for gaining the benefits should be AWS Orgs.
The information related to AWS Orgs is as follows:
AWS Organization should be an account management service. In this, there are multiple AWS accounts that should be consolidated for developing and managing. As an organization administrator, the accounts should be developed and the existing accounts should be invited for joining the organization.Therefore we can conclude that the service or tool that could be used for gaining the benefits should be AWS Orgs.
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which of the four airlines has historically been considered one that competes based on a low price competitive strategy (i.e., consumers can fly for low cost)?
The airline that has historically been considered to have a low price competitive strategy is Southwest Airlines.
Southwest Airlines has a long history of being a budget carrier. The business keeps costs down while putting the client first and offering affordable fares. Southwest uses a point-to-point network, only uses one kind of aircraft to reduce expenses, and flies to secondary airports in order to maintain a low-cost structure. In comparison to other sizable carriers like Delta and American Airlines, it offers incredibly affordable costs. To be able to offer low prices, Southwest has to base its business strategy on having minimal operating costs. It only has a small variety of aircraft, which aids the airline in cutting costs.
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The overriding aim in building a management team should be to: A. select people who are committed to decentralizing decision making and empowering employees. B. assemble a critical mass of talented managers who can function as agents of change and further the cause of first-rate strategy execution. C. choose managers experienced in controlling costs and flattening the organization structure. D. select people who have similar management styles, leadership approaches, business philosophies, and personalities. E. choose managers who believe in having a strong corporate culture and deeply ingrained core values.
Answer:
B. assemble a critical mass of talented managers who can function as agents of change and further the cause of first-rate strategy execution.
Explanation:
A team can be defined as a group of people or set of individuals with various skill set, knowledge and experience coming together to work on a project or task in order to successfully achieve a set goal and objective.
This ultimately implies that, a team comprises of individuals, workers or employees having complementary skills, knowledge and experience needed to execute a project or task successfully. Therefore, workers working as a team usually interact with the other team members and as a result, this enhances performance and strengthen the level of relationship they share.
A manager can be defined as an individual who is saddled with the responsibility of providing guidance, support, supervision, administrative control, as well as acting as a role model or example to the employees working in an organization by being morally upright.
Generally, managers are typically involved in taking up leadership roles and as such are expected to be build a strong relationship between their employees or subordinates by creating a fair ground for effective communication and sharing of resources and information. Also, they are required to engage their staff members (entire workforce) in the most efficient and effective manner.
Generally, the overriding aim in building a management team is to assemble a critical mass of talented managers who are able to typically function as agents of change while furthering the cause of first-rate strategy execution for the growth and development of a business firm or organization.
The owner of Firewood To Go is considering buying a hydraulic wood splitter which sells for $50,000. He figures it will cost an additional $100 per cord to purchase and split wood with this machine, while he can sell each cord of split wood for $125. How many cords of wood would he have to split with this machine to break even
Answer:
The correct answer is "2000 units".
Explanation:
Given:
Fixed cost,
F = $50,000
Variable cost,
VC = $100 per unit
Price,
P = $125 per unit
Let the units to be sold be "x".
Throughout the case of breakeven,
⇒ \(Total \ revenue=Total \ cost\)
⇒ \(125x=50000+100x\)
On subtracting "100x" from both sides,
⇒ \(125x-100x=50000+100x-125x\)
⇒ \(25x=50000\)
⇒ \(x=\frac{50000}{25}\)
⇒ \(=2000 \ units\)
Which business letter feature is found at the top of the page?
answer:
Letter head
Explanation:
typically has the companies logo at the top of the page
Suppose the price of a box of cereal rises by 40 nd the price elasticity of demand is 2. what is the percentage change in the quantity demanded? *
Suppose the price of a box of cereal rises by 40 nd the price elasticity of demand is 2 the percentage change in the quantity demanded is 80%
What is Quantity Demand?
The quantity required is the amount of a good or service that consumers are willing to purchase at a specific price and moment in time. At one point in time, different amounts may be required at various prices. The demand curve is created when all of the prices and quantities demanded are shown on a graph. Depending on variables like the recession, shifts in customer preferences, etc., the quantity needed may alter while maintaining the same price.
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when yooko industries makes 2000 widgets, the cost of producing a typical widget is $ 5, which includes implicit costs of $2. What is Yooko industries economic profit (or loss) and accounting profit (or loss) if the price of a widget is $4? a.Economic profit= −$2000 (a loss)Accounting profits=$2000 b. Economic profit= −$4000 (a loss)Accounting profits=$2000 c. Economic profit= $2000 (a loss)Accounting profits=$4000 d. Economic profit= −$4000 (a loss)Accounting profits=$4000
For Yooko industries, the economic profit= −$2000 (a loss) and accounting profits=$2000 (option A).
What is the accounting and economic profit?Accounting profit is the difference between total revenue and total explicit cost. Explicit cost is the cost that is incurred in the course of running a business.
Accounting profit = total revenue - total cost
Explicit cost = $5 - $2 = $3
2000($4 - $3)
2000 x $1 = $2000
Economic profit is accounting profit less implicit cost. Implicit cost is the cost of the option that is forgone when one option is chosen over other option.
Economic profit = accounting profit - implicit cost
$2000 - ($2 x 2000)
$2000 - $4000 = $-2000
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The prices for all kinds of fish sold in Eastville's downtown Old Market are much lower than the prices charged at uptown seafood stores. Old Market vendors buy fish of similar quality from the same wholesalers and at the same prices as uptown vendors do. Therefore, since Old Market fish vendors' businesses are as profitable as those uptown, the volume of the Old Market vendors' daily fish sales must, on average, be higher.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument given?
A. People who buy fish at Old Market stores generally have lower incomes than do those who buy fish from uptown seafood stores.
B. Some varieties of fish that are not available at Old Market stores can be found occasionally at uptown seafood stores.
C. Vendors at the old Market save on energy costs by keeping fish on ice instead of in refrigerated cases.
D. Many of the people who live in uptown Eastville prefer to buy fish from the neighborhood stores.
E. Fish vendors at the Old Market do not, on average, have lower overhead costs than uptown vendors do.
Answer:
The most correct answer is D
the pool of free labor grew during the post-revolutionary period. identify the reasons for this growth.
There was a growth of free labor around the post-revolutionary period, this is as a result of Increased numbers of non - indentured immigrants that comes from Europe.
The post-revolutionary period can be regarded as the period that comes after the Revolutionary War, and it brought about alot of change such as end of of monarchical rule, and coming forth of religious fragmentation and economic flux.This era, there was a pool of free labor as a result of the movement of non - indentured immigrants that comes from Europe which added to the indentured servants which are already outliving their terms of required labor.Therefore, the non - indentured immigrants brought about increased labor.
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You are considering investing $2,500 in a complete portfolio. The complete portfolio is composed of Treasury bills that pay 5% and a risky portfolio, P, constructed with two risky securities, X and Y. The optimal weights of X and Y in P are 75% and 25% respectively. X has an expected rate of return of 18%, and Y has an expected rate of return of 14%. To form a complete portfolio with an expected rate of return of 8%, you should invest approximately __________ in the risky portfolio. This will mean you will also invest approximately __________ and __________ of your complete portfolio in security X and Y, respectively.
To form a complete portfolio with an expected rate of return of 8%, you should invest approximately $625 in the risky portfolio.
To form a complete portfolio with an expected rate of return of 8%, you can use the formula for the expected return of a complete portfolio:
Expected return of complete portfolio = (Weight of Treasury bills * Return on Treasury bills) + (Weight of risky portfolio * Return on risky portfolio)
Given that the Treasury bills pay 5%, we can substitute the values into the formula:
8% = (Weight of Treasury bills * 5%) + (Weight of risky portfolio * Return on risky portfolio)
Since the risky portfolio is constructed with securities X and Y, we can calculate the expected return on the risky portfolio using the weights and expected returns of X and Y:
Expected return on risky portfolio = (Weight of X * Return on X) + (Weight of Y * Return on Y)
Substituting the values:
Expected return on risky portfolio = (75% * 18%) + (25% * 14%) = 13.5% + 3.5% = 17%
Now we can go back to the equation for the complete portfolio's expected return and solve for the weight of the risky portfolio:
8% = (Weight of Treasury bills * 5%) + (Weight of risky portfolio * 17%)
Since we know that the total investment is $2,500, we can substitute the weight of the Treasury bills as (1 - weight of risky portfolio):
8% = ((1 - weight of risky portfolio) * 5%) + (weight of risky portfolio * 17%)
Simplifying the equation:
8% = 5% - 5% * weight of risky portfolio + 17% * weight of risky portfolio
Solving for the weight of the risky portfolio:
8% - 5% = 12% * weight of risky portfolio
3% = 12% * weight of risky portfolio
Weight of risky portfolio = 3% / 12% = 0.25
Therefore, you should invest approximately 25% of your complete portfolio in the risky portfolio. Since the total investment is $2,500, the amount invested in the risky portfolio would be:
Amount invested in the risky portfolio = 0.25 * $2,500 = $625
To find the amounts invested in securities X and Y, we can use the weights in the risky portfolio:
Amount invested in security X = Weight of X * Amount invested in the risky portfolio = 0.75 * $625 = $468.75
Amount invested in security Y = Weight of Y * Amount invested in the risky portfolio = 0.25 * $625 = $156.25
Therefore, you would invest approximately $625 in the risky portfolio, with approximately $468.75 and $156.25 invested in security X and Y, respectively.
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which substance is not used when making a toolmark cast? question 1 options: mikrosil silicone candle wax dental wax
Silicone is not used when making a toolmark cast.
The silicone casting substance Copyright can be used to cast a toolmark. This makes a stable and durable item, is quick to set, easy to use, and capable of recording extremely fine details. Guns have rifled barrels, with the exception of shotguns, which have smooth barrels.
Tool-mark analyses assist forensic scientists in locating the tool or tools used at the crime scene and establishing a connection between the tool(s) and the offender. Investigators compare tool marks by reviewing finely detailed photographs or silicone molds of the marks, and they also gather traces of evidence (such as tool residue).
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Why is liability an especially important type of car insurance?
Answer: If you cause a car accident, liability insurance will cover injuries to other people and damage to their property. Liability car insurance, sometimes called "third-party" coverage, is one of the most important types of car insurance.
Explanation:
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Answer:
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Question 22
1 pts
Which of the following is NOT a good reason to buy a stock index fund like the
S&P 500?
0 You want to have an investment that you don't have to monitor as closely as an actively
managed fund
0 You want to have an investment with low fees
O You want to "beat the market" with the return on your investment
O You want to have a diversified portfolio
Previous
Next
Answer:
You want to "beat the market" with the return on your investment
Explanation:
The SP 500 is a good example of diversified portfolio investment. Investing in the index fund is less costly compared to other investment instruments. The SP 500 is considered the benchmark of investment returns in the US. Any attempts to perform better than the SP 500 is termed as trying to "beat the market."
Investors prefer good stock indexes like the SP 500 because they represent diversified investments. They spread risks in many sectors of the economy. Stock indexes have low investment costs and don't need close contact monitoring. Trying to "beat the market" with stock indexes is a daunting task. Any investor who attempts it will end up very frustrated.
U
1 point
You are at the checkout counter at the local supermarket, use your debit
card to pay for your groceries, and select "credit” when the cashier asks
"Debit or credit?" Where does the money for this purchase come from? *
Your credit card company covers the cost
O It is deducted directly from your checking account
Your credit card company provides you with a cash advance to cover the cost
It is deducted from your credit card account
Answer: It is deducted directly from your checking account
Explanation:
A Debit card is linked to your bank account so when it is used, it will always be deducted directly from your checking account.
The Debit or Credit option simply refers to how the transaction will be processed. With a Debit the transaction goes through a different computer network than the Credit which goes through the Credit computer network.
Bottom-line is that debit cards are bank accounts.
what is an online marketing concept in which the advertiser attempts to gain attention by providing content in the context of the user's experience in terms of its content, format, style?
The online marketing concept you are referring to is known as native advertising. This strategy involves creating advertisements that blend seamlessly into the user's experience by providing content that is relevant and valuable.
Native ads are designed to look and feel like the surrounding content, often in the form of sponsored articles or videos. The goal is to provide a non-disruptive advertising experience that users are more likely to engage with. In summary, native advertising is a three-part marketing approach that focuses on delivering content that matches the user's experience in terms of its content, format, and style.
To summarize, native advertising is a three-pronged approach to online marketing that focuses on integrating ad content within the user's experience in terms of its content, format, and style. This strategy allows advertisers to gain attention and promote their brand without being intrusive, resulting in a more positive user experience and better engagement with the target audience.
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Q4. What is Contribution Margin Ratio (write the definition)? Apply CMR to present how EBIT depends on Sales. Draw a graph that shows this relationship. Mark special points on this graph. Q5. a. What was the value of operating break-even sales (in $) of the corporation Alpha, if its yearly Sales was last year $200,000, total variable costs VC were $120,000, fixed operating costs FC were $40,000, Interest paid was $6,000, and it paid 20% income tax?. b. What was the value, in $, of interest break-even sales? (Sometimes "interest break-even" is called "financial break-even". "Interest break-even" takes into account Interest expense, but it does not take into account the time value of money.) Start with creating the Income statement for last year of Alpha Co. Mark these break-even points on the graph made in Q4. Q6. a. How DOL is defined? What formulas for DOL calculation you know? Calculate the value of DOL for end of the year for Alpha company in Q5. b. Apply the computed DOL value to quick calculation of predicted EBIT next year, if Sales next year would be $240,000. Present your calculation with DOL application first, and then make direct calculations creating next year Income Statement (assume the same fixed costs, interest and income tax rate). c. What are the values of DFL and DTL for end of Alpha's first year? Q7. What is ROS? Calculate its value for first year of Alpha Co. in Q5. Q8. Present the DuPont model. Apply it to Alpha Co. in Q5 (for first year data), assuming it is financed with Equity of $80,000 and Debt of $20,000. Q9. For first year financial data of Alpha calculate the Effect of Financial Leverage (EFL), and then present ROE in additive form in which EFL is shown. Compare the result with the answer for Q8.
Q4. Contribution Margin Ratio (CMR) is the ratio of the contribution margin to sales revenue. It represents the portion of sales revenue available to cover fixed costs and contribute to the company's profit. The formula for calculating CMR is:
C
MR = (Sales - Variable Costs) / Sales
To illustrate how EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) depends on sales using CMR, we can use the formula:
EBIT = Sales - Variable Costs - Fixed Costs
Graphically, the relationship between EBIT and sales can be shown on a graph with EBIT on the vertical axis and sales on the horizontal axis. The graph will have a positive slope, indicating that as sales increase, EBIT also increases. The CMR can be represented as the slope of the line connecting the origin (0,0) to the break-even point, where EBIT is zero. The break-even point represents the level of sales at which the company covers all its costs but does not make a profit.
Special points on the graph include:
The break-even point: This is where the sales level is equal to the sum of variable costs and fixed costs, resulting in zero EBIT.
The profit zone: This is where sales exceed the break-even point, resulting in positive EBIT and potential profit.
The loss zone: This is where sales are below the break-even point, resulting in negative EBIT and potential loss.
Q5.
a. To calculate the value of operating break-even sales for Alpha Corporation:
Operating Break-Even Sales = Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin Ratio
Given:
Yearly Sales = $200,000
Total Variable Costs (VC) = $120,000
Fixed Operating Costs (FC) = $40,000
Interest Paid = $6,000
Income Tax Rate = 20%
First, calculate the Contribution Margin Ratio:
CMR = (Sales - VC) / Sales = (200,000 - 120,000) / 200,000 = 0.4
Then, calculate the operating break-even sales:
Operating Break-Even Sales = 40,000 / 0.4 = $100,000
b. The interest break-even sales only consider interest expense and ignore the time value of money. Therefore, it is equal to the interest paid:
Interest Break-Even Sales = Interest Paid = $6,000
Q6.
a. Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) measures the sensitivity of EBIT to changes in sales. It shows the percentage change in EBIT resulting from a percentage change in sales. The formula for DOL is:
DOL = Contribution Margin / EBIT
b. To calculate the predicted EBIT next year using the computed DOL value:
Predicted EBIT = EBIT * (1 + Percentage Change in Sales)
Given:
Sales next year = $240,000
Computed DOL value = (Sales - VC) / EBIT = (200,000 - 120,000) / EBIT
Rearranging the formula to solve for EBIT:
EBIT = (Sales - VC) / DOL = (240,000 - 120,000) / DOL
Substituting the computed DOL value into the equation, we can calculate the predicted EBIT.
c. The values of DFL (Degree of Financial Leverage) and DTL (Degree of Total Leverage) are not provided in the given information. Therefore, we cannot calculate them for the end of Alpha's first year.
Q7. Return on Sales (ROS) is a profitability ratio that measures the percentage of each sales dollar that represents profit. It is calculated by dividing net income by sales. The formula for ROS is:
ROS = Net Income / Sales
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_____ is a career typically requiring a certificate from a vocational school program.
Actor
Lawyer
Sales clerk
Automotive mechanic
What is a command economy controlled by?
Command economy is controlled by the Central Government.
A command economy is a key aspect of a political system in which a central governmental authority dictates the levels of production that are permissible and the prices that may be charged for goods and services. Most industries are publicly owned. The main alternative to a command economy is a free market system in which demand dictates production and prices. The command economy is a component of a communist political system, while a free market system exists in capitalist societies.
In a command economy, the central government dictates the level of production of goods and controls their distribution and prices. Proponents of command economies argue government control rather than private enterprise can ensure the fair distribution of goods and services.
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