An important similarity between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is that both processes
use and store 02
use and make ATP.
store energy in glucose.
release energy from glucose.

During mitosis in a human somatic cell nucleus, there are 92 sister chromatids present.

To understand this, we need to briefly explain the process of mitosis and its phases. Mitosis is the process of cell division where one cell (the parent cell) divides into two identical daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. In humans, somatic cells have 46 chromosomes, which are arranged in 23 pairs.

Before mitosis begins, the cell undergoes a phase called interphase, during which DNA replication occurs. During this process, each chromosome is duplicated, resulting in two identical copies called sister chromatids, which are connected at a region called the centromere.

After DNA replication, each chromosome now has two sister chromatids. Since there are 46 chromosomes in a human somatic cell, there are a total of 46 x 2 = 92 sister chromatids present during mitosis.

In summary, during mitosis in a human somatic cell nucleus, there are 92 sister chromatids. These chromatids ensure that both daughter cells receive identical genetic information from the parent cell, maintaining genetic continuity and allowing for proper development and functioning of the organism.

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Answer:

Between 10am and 4pm

Explanation:

This is when the sun is at its higest point, allowing it to radiate more UV rays on your skin.

Answer:

during the time btw 10 am to 4 pm because sun is scorching at that time so you should seek shade btw this time

Answer: Low Density

Gases contain scattered molecules that are dispersed across a given volume and are therefore less dense than in their solid or liquid states. Their low density gives gases fluidity, which allows gas particles to move rapidly and randomly past one another, expanding or contracting with no fixed positioning. The average distances between the molecules are large enough that interactions between molecules don't interfere with their motion.

Indefinite Shape or Volume

Gases have no definite shape or volume.The random movement of gas molecules allows them to expand or contract to assume the volume of the container holding them. Therefore, a gas's volume refers to the space of the container in which its molecules have range to move. This property results in gases occupying more space than they would in their liquid or solid state. Gases also contract and expand by predictable amounts depending upon changes in temperature and pressure.

Compressibility and Expandability

The low density of gases makes them compressible since their molecules can be positioned far apart from one another. This allows them to move freely to fit into the gaps of space between them. Just as gases are compressible, they are also expandable. The freedom of gas molecules causes them to take the shape of any container in which they are placed, filling the container's volume.

Diffusivity

Given the large amounts of space between gas molecules, two or more gases can mix quickly and easily with one another to form a homogeneous mixture. This process is called diffusion.

Pressure

Gas molecules are in constant motion. They exert pressure, or force per unit area, on the interior surface of their container. The pressure varies according to the amount of gas confined to a given container's volume, the temperature and the pressure.

Explanation:

These are the 5 properties of gas, they don't have particles, they have properties.

Answer:

Evolution changes the abilities of the Frigate birds.

Explanation:

The Frigate birds have webbed feet because they live in the ocean and unable to fly due to its big weight. Before the evolution, the Frigate birds lives in the ocean due to their large body weight but with the passage of time, evolution occurs that leads to formation of flying ability in the bird so now the bird have the old characteristics of their ancestor as well as new abilities in the physical traits of the Frigate birds due to the evolution.

Answer:

There is no difference between an opportunistic pathogen and any other kind of pathogen. Both are microbes and both have the potential to cause damage/disease in a host.

Explanation:

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Microscopic organisms (such as bacteria or viruses) infiltrate the body and create problems, resulting in infectious disorders.

Some illnesses are transmitted to people by animals or bugs but not by other humans.

Contagious illnesses (such as the flu or strep throat) can be transmitted in a variety of ways.

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Answer:

They are non-bilaterian.

Explanation:

All the animals you listed are non-bilaterian; any organism that lacks bilateral symmetry is non-bilaterian, which is what all of those have in common.

True. Adaptations may result from evolution. Biological fitness, which controls the rate of evolution as indicated by changes in allele frequencies, is related to adaptation.

Adaptations made by organisms to their altering environments are reflected in evolution, which can lead to altered genes, novel traits, and the emergence of new species. Both changes in genetic variability and shifts in allele frequencies over time affect evolutionary processes.

On a variety of scales, evolution can be studied. Microevolution is the gradual shift in DNA allele frequencies and sequences within a species. These alterations might be the result of mutations, which can repopulate a population with new alleles.

Additionally, gene flow—which takes place when two populations with distinct alleles breed—can introduce new alleles into a population. Macroevolution, in contrast to microevolution, reflects substantial changes at the species level that are brought about by the accumulation of a great number of minor changes at the microevolutionary scale.

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Answer:True

Explanation:

The neurotransmitter that is primarily associated with the feeling is dopamine.

Neurotransmitters are the chemicals that transmits messages in the form of chemical signals from nerve cells to target organs.

Examples of neurotransmitters include the dopamine. This is the neurotransmitter that is primarily associated with the feeling of wanting something. This is because it fulfills the following roles in the brain:

Therefore, the neurotransmitter that is primarily associated with the feeling is dopamine.

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The type of adrenergic receptor found in the smooth muscle of most systemic arterioles is alpha only.

When activated, these alpha receptors cause vasoconstriction of the arterioles, which increases peripheral resistance and raises blood pressure.

This response is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress, exercise, or other stimuli.

The AV node and bicuspid valve are not directly involved in this process and are not related to adrenergic receptors.

The activation of adrenergic receptors can have different effects on different tissues, depending on the type of receptor and the cellular response to the neurotransmitter.

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RNA processing occurs simultaneously with transcription. This is true only for eukaryotic cells.

RNA processing refers to a series of modifications that occur to pre-mRNA transcripts in eukaryotic cells. These modifications include 5' capping, 3' polyadenylation, and splicing to remove introns and join exons. These processes occur after transcription has begun, but before the mRNA molecule is considered mature and ready for translation.
In prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, transcription and translation can occur simultaneously, so there is no opportunity for RNA processing to occur.

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Answer:

They are used rather than mercury thermomethers to in very cold religions because alcohol has lower

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer are -

1. there are more than one variable that are manipulated; sunlight and fertilizer

2. If provide fertizlier to both plants; placed in sunlight and placed in dark

3. By measuring height of the plant and production of the fruit.

Explanation:

In this investigation, one plant X is placed in sunlight and provided fertilizer where the plant Y placd in the dark did not received fertilizer, so there are two variables that are manipulated in this setting, which can influence the result in the study.

To make this experiment one shuld provide fertilizer to both the plants for control environment and no other infunces to affect the growth of the plants.

To measure the growth of the plant one can measure the height and fruit production each week to compare the difference in growth rate.

Gene duplication events, such as those seen in the hox gene complex, set the stage for adaptive radiation because they generate new copies of genes that can evolve new functions.

Adaptive radiation is a process that occurs when a lineage produces a vast array of descendant species, each with a unique morphology, physiology, and behavior that enables it to exploit diverse ecological niches.

An increase in the number and diversity of genes available for evolution may be a crucial factor in the emergence of adaptive radiations in many lineages.

For example, the evolution of the vertebrate skeleton and nervous system has been attributed in part to the duplication and diversification of Hox genes.

Gene duplication events, such as those seen in the hox gene complex, set the stage for adaptive radiation because they generate new copies of genes that can evolve new functions, which is thought to have been especially important in the diversification of animal body plans.

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Answer: Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the proportion found in water (CH2O) and are hence hydrates of carbon.

Explanation: Carbohydrates are the basic source in animal cells. Dietary carbohydrates obtained from plant-based products serve as a major source of energy for the animal.

The primary role of Carbohydrates in animal cells is to provide energy. It also plays several important roles in animal cells.

Carbohydrates provide energy and serve various functions in animal cells, their intake should be balanced with other essential nutrients to maintain overall health. Some important functions of carbohydrates include:

Thus, energy production is the main function of carbohydrates in animal cells. In animal cells, it also has a number of significant functions.

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All of the following are true about promoters except: d. are not required for the transcription of a gene

Promoters are regions of DNA that are found upstream of a gene and are responsible for directing the proper binding and orientation of RNA polymerase.

They are sequence-specific, meaning that the specific sequence of nucleotides in a promoter determines its ability to bind to RNA polymerase and initiate transcription of the gene.

Promoters are essential for gene transcription, as they serve as the site of initiation for the RNA polymerase complex. Therefore, it is not true that promoters are not required for the transcription of a gene. In fact, without a promoter, transcription cannot occur.

Mutations in a promoter sequence can affect its ability to bind to RNA polymerase and initiate transcription, leading to loss of function.

Therefore, it is true that when mutated, promoters usually lose their function.

In summary, all of the statements provided in the question are true about promoters, except for the statement that suggests that promoters are not required for the transcription of a gene.

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Primary succession is ecological succession that begins in a place that has rock.

Primary succession is a fascinating process of ecological succession that occurs in areas devoid of soil or where soil development is minimal. It involves the colonization and establishment of life in barren or highly disturbed environments, such as rocky terrains, volcanic islands, or glacial moraines.

In primary succession, the initial pioneer species often consist of lichens and mosses, which are capable of tolerating harsh conditions and facilitating soil formation.

These simple plants play a crucial role in the early stages of primary succession by breaking down rocks through physical and chemical weathering. As they grow and die, their organic matter accumulates, contributing to the formation of rudimentary soil.

Over time, more complex plants like grasses, ferns, and shrubs begin to colonize the area. These plants further contribute to soil development by adding organic matter, enhancing nutrient cycling, and improving soil structure. Their root systems help bind the soil particles, preventing erosion and creating a more stable environment for other organisms.

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Answer:

The most likely conclusion based on this observation is that the whole groups of organisms went extinct after the specified age, and therefore are not found in younger rock layers. This can provide insight into the timing and causes of past extinction events.

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Isotopes are different forms from the same element, they have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons in their nuclei, this makes them have different atomic mass, altough their chemical properties remain the same.

Helium contains 2 protons, 2 electrons, and 2 neutrons.

Of the listed options, only c. has a different number of neutrons than the described atom. So this option represents an Isotope of Helium.

Answer:

The correct answer is - option D. in equilibrium, there will be approximately 40 x particles in A and 40 x particles in B, and those numbers will fluctuate but will remain near 40.

Explanation:

Equilibrium is the condition where all the condition is where all the factors or influence forces are balanced in a particular system. The perfect balanced condition is not easy to get or can not remain constant for long.

In this example, both  A and B get 40 x particles to be in equilibrium however fluctuation persists but still approx 40 remains.

Thus, the correct answer is - option D

Scientists believe that at first these bears scavenged seal carcasses that had washed ashore, and gradually began to hunt the seals by waiting at the water's edge as the seals surfaced to breathe. This is believed to be an important step in the evolution of a new bear species, the polar bear

Over time the new polar bears were used to the cold climate and learnt how to fish, they then separated from the grizzly bears, they developed new creatures which would help them survive in one of the most dangerous climate.

Polar bears become separate classification from the grizzly by the natural selection known as divergent and adaptive evolutionary change.

Polar bears and grizzly bears are considered as closed to one another so they can interbreed. They both diverged from one another due to the harsh climate of the Arctic and the ecology of the region.

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The major way that meiosis II differs from mitosis is that homologues separate.

Meiosis II and mitosis are two cell division processes that are different in many ways. In meiosis II, the homologous chromosomes are separated. The two cells that are formed after meiosis I go through meiosis II. During meiosis II, the chromatids separate, producing four genetically distinct daughter cells. This separation is different from mitosis, which results in two identical daughter cells.

In mitosis, homologous chromosomes are not separated, whereas in meiosis II, homologous chromosomes are separated. Meiosis II begins with the daughter cells produced during meiosis I. Meiosis II is a crucial process for sexual reproduction, producing four genetically distinct daughter cells. These cells have different genetic information that is essential for the formation of the zygote.

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Explanation:

The definition of a spring tide is a flood or rising of water especially during a new or full moon. ... A tide in which the difference between high and low tide is the greatest. Spring tides occur when the Moon is either new or full, and the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth are aligned.

Waves are additive so when the gravitational pull of both bodies is in the same direction the high tides add and the low tides add (Figure below). Highs are higher and lows are lower than at other times through the month. These more extreme tides, with a greater tidal range, are called spring tides.

As the character is recesive and humans are diploid, the idividual must have both alleles with the information for red-green colour deficiency if she is a woman, or the only allele with that information if he is a man; this is because the gene for colour deficiency is located on the sexual chromosome X.

Therefore, if both grandmothers have the allele for colour deficiency but they have a heterozygous genotype, neither of the grandparets would have colour blindness, even though, they could give their offspring the red-green colour deficiency allele.

To sum up, 0 grandparents can be red-green colour deficient (but at least one must have the corresponding allele) and have a grandson/daughter with red-green colour deficiency.

Linolenic acid (18:3) and linoleic acid (18:2) are the essential fatty acids provided by food fats.

The essential fatty acids, linolenic acid (18:3) and linoleic acid (18:2), are necessary for various physiological functions and cannot be synthesized by the body, so they must be obtained from the diet.

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Gram staining of bacteria provides some, but not all, the physical characterization necessary to identify bacterial species.

Gram staining is a crucial first step in the identification process as it divides bacteria into two groups based on their cell wall structure: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. This distinction helps guide further testing and treatment options.

However, Gram staining alone is not sufficient to identify bacterial species because:
1. Some bacteria cannot be stained with the Gram staining method (e.g., Mycobacterium and Mycoplasma).
2. Bacteria within the same Gram group may have different morphologies, metabolic capabilities, and antigenic properties.

To fully identify a bacterial species, additional tests are needed, such as culture methods, biochemical tests, molecular methods (e.g., PCR, sequencing), and serological tests. These complementary techniques provide a more comprehensive understanding of the bacteria, leading to accurate identification and appropriate treatment options.

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Transcription and translation are processes that happens in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but in eukaryotic cells they take place in different sites than in prokaryotic cells. Therefore, C is incorrect.

In eukaryotic cells, the mRNA is extensively processed before it is ready to be translated, not in prokaryotic cells. Therefore, D is incorrect as well.

In eukaryotic cells, transcription and translation are separate processes, transcription takes place in the nucleus and translation takes place in the cytoplasm. In prokaryotic cells, transcription and translation both takes place in the cytoplasm, being a continuous process. Therefore, A is incorrect, E is wrong too and the correct answer is B. Transcription and translation are continuous processes in prokaryotes but not eukaryotes.