assume that the united states and germany have an agreement that specifies that a us firm need not pay tax in germany on any earnings from its german subsidiary that are remitted to the united states in the form of dividends. this agreement would be an example
Answers
This agreement would serve as an illustration of a tax treaty in accordance with the provided statement.
What does a company's subsidiary mean?A firm that also is owned or managed by a father or holding corporation is referred to as a subsidiary. The parent firm often owns a majority of the shell corporation. As a process, its majority shareholder takes command over the subsidiary. In certain circumstances, gaining power is as simple as being the dominant shareholder.
What kind of subsidiary is this, exactly?The controlling business either creates or acquires subsidiaries. The subsidiary firm structure is known as an entirely holding company when the parent company owns 100% of a voting shares.
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Related Questions
As you begin studying business law, you become overwhelmed by the sheer volume of laws that can affect business. You dive in and
begin the process of understanding where these laws come from; the first step in understanding how these laws apply to each other and
how they apply to your business.
You're looking at statutes that set out the penalties for forgery and learn that each state is free to make its own criminal laws that apply
just to that state. Which branch of government do you think creates statutes?
Answers
The branch of government that creates these statutes (business law) to regulate business practice is known as the Legislative branch.
What is a business law?This refers to those law that consists of the enforceable rules of conduct that govern commercial relationships.
Some examples of business law in the country sphere covers the area of employment Law, immigration Law, Consumer Goods Sales, Antitrust, Intellectual Property, Taxes etc.
The Legislative branch creates the business law to protect the consumers and regulate business activities.
In conclusion, the branch of government that creates these statutes (business law) to regulate business practice is known as the Legislative branch.
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What is a precondition for employee acceptance of managerial authority?a. The employee must understand the order.
b. The employee must believe the order to be consistent with the employee's own goals.
c. Both a and b are preconditions.
d. Neither a nor b is a precondition.
Answers
A precondition for employee acceptance of managerial authority Both a and b are preconditions. The correct answer is option (c).
For an employee to accept managerial authority, both understanding the order and perceiving it as consistent with their own goals are important factors.
a. The employee must understand the order: In order for an employee to accept and follow a managerial order, it is crucial that they understand what is being asked of them. Clear communication and effective instruction from the manager are necessary to ensure that the employee comprehends the order.
b. The employee must believe the order to be consistent with their own goals: Employees are more likely to accept and comply with managerial authority when they perceive that the order aligns with their personal goals or interests. If they see the order as conflicting with their objectives or values, they may resist or be less inclined to accept the authority. These preconditions, understanding the order and perceiving it as consistent with personal goals, are interrelated and play a significant role in employee acceptance of managerial authority. When both conditions are met, employees are more likely to comply with directives and follow the managerial hierarchy effectively. Hence option (c) is the correct answer.
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apple develops new iphones in the united states but builds them overseas. which type of integration is this?
Answers
This type of integration is known as conglomerate merger.
what preparatory step may be necessary when devising a strategy or plan of action to exercise?
Answers
Wellness is helping, training, and encouraging others to achieve well-being in all areas of life: social, physical, emotional, occupational, intellectual, environmental, and spiritual.
Through awareness, education, and inspiration, people are encouraged to live healthy lifestyles. The National Wellness Institute endorses the Dimensions of Wellness program.
Students can lead wellness programs for individuals and groups. Students learn administrative and business skills to administer health promotion and wellness interventions in this program.
Fitness programs can improve health. Physical activity can reduce chronic illness risk, enhance balance and coordination, help you lose weight, and improve sleep and self-esteem.
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The right way of asking the question is:
What preparatory step may be necessary when devising a strategy or plan of action?
A) Purchasing walking shoes for a fitness class
B) Selecting a behavior to change
C) Rewarding yourself with a movie
D) Determining which events trigger the behavior
When you are a speaker, it is important to know your audience.
A) true
B) false
Answers
Answer:
A) True
Explanation:
You want to know general things about your audience because you won't speak the same way to kindergartners as you would college students. That's just one example.
*ECONOMICS* please help
Answers
Which describes a situation of scarcity?
Answers
Answer:
Scarce natural resources make it more difficult for producers to keep up with demand.
Explanation:
pa brainlest na din po
Answer:
"Scarce natural resources make it more difficult for producers to keep up with demand"
ABSOLUTE SCARCITY EXAMPLES INCLUDE: ... Coal is used to create energy; the limited amount of this resource that can be mined is an example of scarcity. A day has an absolute scarcity of time, as you cannot add more than 24 hours to its supply. Those without access to clean water experience a scarcity of water
You will be acting as Sales Manager for a domestically located company (Canadian Company) In today’s world, companies that want to grow larger in terms of sales/revenue/profit need to expand internationally.
ignment 1 - 10 Steps of the Sales Process is due
You will be acting as Sales Manager for a domestically located company (Canadian Company) In today’s world, companies that want to grow larger in terms of sales/revenue/profit need to expand internationally. During this assignment students will focus on developing knowledge and focus on understanding the importance of each of the steps within the sales process. This assignment will help to understand the sales steps from the initial stages through the closing of the sale. This assignment will focus on understanding our products, our company, our USP, the features, advantages and benefits of one of your company’s products and the selling process as detailed within our course learning outcomes.
Answers
Expanding internationally is crucial for companies that aim to achieve growth in terms of sales, revenue, and profit.
As a Sales Manager for a Canadian company, this assignment will focus on understanding and implementing the 10 steps of the sales process. It will involve developing knowledge and expertise in our products, company, unique selling proposition (USP), as well as understanding the features, advantages, and benefits of one of our company's products.
By mastering the sales process, we will be equipped to navigate through the stages from initial contact to closing the sale, ensuring successful sales outcomes. To effectively expand internationally and drive sales growth, it is essential to have a well-defined sales process in place.
This assignment will provide a comprehensive understanding of the 10 steps involved in the sales process. These steps typically include prospecting and lead generation, qualifying leads, conducting thorough research on the prospect's needs and challenges, presenting our company's products and their unique selling points (USPs), addressing customer objections, negotiating and closing the sale, and providing post-sale follow-up and support.
By thoroughly understanding our products and their features, advantages, and benefits, we can effectively communicate their value to potential customers. This involves identifying the specific pain points our products address and how they can benefit customers in unique ways.
We will also focus on understanding our company's strengths, market positioning, and USP, which differentiate us from competitors. By implementing a systematic sales process, we can streamline our sales efforts, enhance customer engagement, and increase the likelihood of successful sales outcomes.
This assignment will equip us with the knowledge and skills necessary to effectively navigate the sales process and contribute to the company's international growth and success.
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At December 31, 2017, Mallory, Inc., reported in its balance sheet a net loss of $12 million related to its postretirement benefit plan. The actuary for Mallory at the end of 2018 increased her estimate of future health care costs. Mallory's entry to record the effect of this change will include: Group of answer choices A debit to Post-retirement benefit expense and a credit to APBO. A debit to Loss-OCI and a credit to APBO. A debit to APBO and a credit to Loss-OCI. A debit to Post-retirement benefit expense and a credit to Loss-OCI.
Answers
Answer:
A debit to Loss-OCI and a credit to APBO
Explanation:
When the net loss is reported on the balance sheet with respect to the postretirement benefit plan also the cost of the future health care is rise so the impact of the change would be that the other comprehensive income i.e. OCI would be debited while on the other hand the accumulated post benefit obligation would be credited
therefore the second option is correct
The amount by which an additional unit of a factor increases a firm's total _____ during a period is the _____.
Answers
The amount by which an additional unit of a factor increases the firm's total revenue during a period is marginal revenue product.
Hopefully, this helped!
The amount by which an additional unit of a factor increases a firm's total revenue or production during a period is the marginal product.
What is marginal product?The additional output, return, or profit generated per unit as a result of benefits from production inputs is referred to as marginal productivity or marginal product. Raw materials and labor are examples of inputs or factors of production.
The excess production produced as a result of an increase in the company's input is known as its marginal product. It is also known as MPP, or marginal physical product. It studies under the economies of scale in term of law of variable proportionality or declining marginal utility.
Practically, this might refer to the extra doughnuts made in a donut shop if they hire an extra worker.
Thus marginal product is account for when extra factor employed.
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How important is money
Answers
Answer:
very important
Explanation:
money is a global income source for everyone. we all have different types but it is all still money. now say one country got rid of money and had people pay for stuff using other things. if china did that lots of different countries wouldn't be able to get stuff from there unless they had so much of that product they could just give it up.
What is one example of a planned economy?
laissez-faire economy
free enterprise economy
socialist economy
market economy
Answers
Answer:
socialist economy
Explanation:
A planned economy is a system where the government or the central authority makes all major economic decisions. The government decides on the type and quantities of goods to produce and for whom to produce. In the planned economy, factors of production belong to the government. Manufacture of goods and services is motivated by service to the community, not profits.
A socialist economy is a good example of a planned economy. Just like in a planned economy, a socialist economy is characterized by heavy government involvement. The state controls the factors of production. Public service is the reason for economic production, while consumers do not have the liberty to choose products.
Question 2: Discuss in detail all the various forms of
alternative dispute resolution (ADR). Provide cases, examples and
similar to support your answer.
Answers
The different types of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods are mediation, arbitration, negotiation, dispute review boards, and summary jury trials.
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is the process of settling a legal dispute through methods other than going to court. ADR is an option when a dispute arises between two parties.
There are different types of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods that can be used.
Mediation: This is an informal process in which a neutral third party facilitates communication between the disputing parties to reach a mutually satisfactory agreement. Mediation is voluntary, and the disputing parties retain control over the final outcome. The mediator does not make decisions but rather helps the parties to resolve the dispute amicably.For example, a family dispute can be resolved through mediation. The disputing parties would discuss the issue with the mediator and come to a resolution.
Arbitration: This is a formal process in which a neutral third party is chosen by the disputing parties to hear evidence and make a binding decision. Arbitration is less formal than a court hearing, but the arbitrator has the power to make a binding decision.For example, an employment dispute can be resolved through arbitration. The arbitrator would listen to both parties and make a binding decision.
Negotiation: This is the process in which two parties directly negotiate a settlement agreement without a third party. Negotiation is less formal than mediation or arbitration and can occur at any stage in the dispute resolution process.For example, two business partners can negotiate the terms of their partnership.
Dispute Review Boards: This is a process in which a neutral third party is hired to review disputes that arise during the course of a construction project. The board makes a non-binding decision that can help the parties resolve the dispute before it escalates.For example, a construction dispute can be resolved through a dispute review board.
Summary Jury Trials: This is a process in which a mini-trial is held before a judge or jury to help the parties evaluate the strength of their case. The trial is not binding, and the parties can still negotiate a settlement after the trial.For example, a personal injury case can be resolved through a summary jury trial.In conclusion, alternative dispute resolution (ADR) is a cost-effective and less formal way of resolving legal disputes.
Thus, the different types of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods are mediation, arbitration, negotiation, dispute review boards, and summary jury trials.
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In some arts, A/V technology, and communication careers, workers participate in apprenticeships. Why are
apprenticeships useful?
They allow experienced workers to learn new skills.
O They allow experienced workers to stay home from work.
O They allow new workers to get job experience.
They allow new workers to have paid benefits.
Answers
Answer: they allow new workers to get job experience
Explanation:
I know this from the back of my head and just took the test!
HELP ME PLEASE:
Identify and describe the company or business jeff Bezos operated, managed, and taken a financial risk. What are the main products/services offered? How did he get started? What challenges did jeff Bezos encounter on the way and how did he manage those obstacles?
Answers
Jeff Bezos has invested in many companies. But the one with he is most associated is Amazondotcom.
The main services of Amason are:
Jeff Bezos started out with online book sales from his rented home in Bellevue, Washington. Then the business expanded. He became the dominant player in online book sales on the internet.
One of the major challenges he faced is Antitrust Issues. Earlier on, however, he was being required by some companies to do at least 10 units of their books to qualify under their retail dealership.
Unfortunately, Amazondotcom was not yet doing that. They solved this problem by exploring a loophole in the system that required them to order 10 books not buy them. So they continued to order books that they didn't have or that were not on sale.
Who is Jeff Bezos?Jeffrey Preston Bezos is a businessman, media owner, investor, computer engineer, and commercial astronaut from the United States. He is Amazon's founder, executive chairman, and former president and CEO.
The majority of Jeff Bezos' wealth stems from his Amazon stock. According to Forbes, he still holds 11% of Amazon's stock and has sold an estimated $27 billion in stock since 1997. He is well-known for his philanthropic contributions to areas such as cancer research and climate warming.
From 1998 until 2021, Bezos' basic salary of $81,840 remained constant. He will also receive an extra $1.6 million in various forms of remuneration. As a result, Bezos' annual salary is around $1,681,840.
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Discuss the role of the father in attachment theory
Answers
Explanation:
Both parents are considered attachment figures in attachment theory, and the child-father attachment is autonomous from the child-mother attachment. Whereas mothers are commonly involved in caregiving and providing emotional refuge, fathers are particularly involved in play and exploratory undertakings.
da Company produces a handcrafted musical instrument called a gamelan that is similar to a xylophone. The gamelans are sold for $990. Selected data for the company's operations last year follow: The absorption costing income statement prepared by the company's accountant for last year appears below: Required: 1. Under absorption costing, how much fixed manufacturing overhead cost is included in the company's inventory at the end of iast year? 2. Prepare an income statement for last year using variable costing. Required: 1. Under absorption costing, how much fixed manufacturing overhead cost is included in the company's inventory at the end of las year? 2. Prepare an income statement for last year using variable costing. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Under absorption costing, how much fixed manufacturing overhead cost is included in the company's inventory at the end of last year? Prepare an income statement for last year using variable costing.
Answers
Under absorption costing, the fixed manufacturing overhead cost included in the company's inventory at the end of last year can be determined by multiplying the fixed manufacturing overhead rate by the number of units in ending inventory.
Absorption costing allocates both variable and fixed manufacturing overhead costs to the products. To determine the fixed manufacturing overhead cost included in the company's inventory at the end of last year, we need to know the fixed manufacturing overhead rate. The fixed manufacturing overhead rate is calculated by dividing the total fixed manufacturing overhead costs by the total number of units produced during the year. Once we have the rate, we can multiply it by the number of units in the ending inventory to determine the fixed manufacturing overhead cost included in the inventory.
On the other hand, variable costing treats fixed manufacturing overhead costs as period expenses rather than assigning them to the products. Therefore, under variable costing, the fixed manufacturing overhead costs are not included in the inventory. Instead, they are treated as a period expense and are deducted from the revenues to calculate the net operating income.
To prepare an income statement using variable costing, we deduct all variable costs (such as direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead) from the sales revenue to obtain the contribution margin. Then, we deduct all variable selling and administrative expenses along with the fixed manufacturing overhead costs, which are treated as period expenses. Finally, we deduct the fixed selling and administrative expenses to calculate the net operating income. This income statement provides a clearer picture of the profitability of the company's operations, as it separates fixed manufacturing overhead costs from the inventory and treats them as period expenses.
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what is the differende between wants and needs?
Answers
Explanation:
Want — have a desire to possess or do (something); wish for. Need — require (something) because it is essential or very important rather than just desirable.
A “need” is something that is essential to your survival, and you wouldn’t be able to survive with this. Examples of needs include oxygen, water, food, housing, and clothes. You need oxygen to be able to breathe, and you can’t survive long without food or water. Having clothes is also essential, and having a basic unit of housing provides safety to you.
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What are the two parts of the platform used to run application software? GUI and HCI hardware and operating system kernel and software configuration application base and operating system
Answers
Answer:
The answer is B
Explanation:
Answer:the answer is B hardware and operating system
Explanation:
If a term in a contract is ambiguous, the court will consider the parties'
A. acceptance
B. intent
C. offer
D. consideration
Answers
Answer:
intent
Explanation:
Insert a new column to the left of the Greenhouse Gas Score column. Hint: Be sure to add a column to the worksheet, not just the table.
1. Copy the values from cells M57:M72 to N57:N72.
2. Type this column label in cell N56: Cmb MPG Icon
Answers
To insert a new column to the left of the Greenhouse Gas Score column, follow these three steps:
Copy the values from cells M57:M72 to N57:N72.
Type the column label "Cmb MPG Icon" in cell N56.
Add the new column to the worksheet, not just the table.
What are the three steps required to insert a new column to the left of the Greenhouse Gas Score column?By following these instructions, you can successfully insert a new column to the left of the Greenhouse Gas Score column.
In the first step, you need to copy the values from cells M57 to M72 and paste them into cells N57 to N72.
This will ensure that the data is preserved. Then, in the second step, you should type the column label "Cmb MPG Icon" in cell N56 to provide a clear description of the new column.
Finally, make sure you add the new column to the entire worksheet, not just the table, to ensure consistency throughout your data.
This can be useful when you want to add new data or rearrange columns in your worksheet. Remember to copy the values from the desired range, specify a clear label for the new column, and ensure the changes are applied to the entire worksheet.
With these techniques, you can efficiently manage your data and improve your workflow.
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Sheridan Company has 29000 units in beginning finished goods. If sales are expected to be 60000 units for the year and Sheridan desires an ending finished goods of 33000 units, how many units must the company produce? 56000 60000 64000 O 93000
Answers
The company must produce 64,000 units to meet the sales target and maintain the desired ending finished goods inventory. The correct answer is 64,000. (Opton C)
How is this so?To determine the number of units the company must produce, we need to calculate the net increase in finished goods inventory.
Beginning finished goods - 29,000 units
Ending finished goods target - 33,000 units
Sales: 60,000 units
Net Increase = Ending finished goods target - Beginning finished goods + Sales
= 33,000 - 29,000 + 60,000
= 4,000 + 60,000
= 64,000 units
Thus, it is correct to state that, the company must produce 64,000 units to meet the sales target and maintain the desired ending finished goods inventory. The correct answer is 64,000.
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Disadvantages of choosing a job that is extremely popular or in demand
Answers
The disadvantage of choosing a job that is very popular or a job that is in high demand is that after a while such a job may become saturated or it would become monotonous.
What is a high demand job?This is the term that is used to refer to a job that the people that wpould employ labor are constantly in need of. Such a job is one that would require the people that have the qualification to opt in and get the places and the roles that they are to fill.
The issues that may arise from such a job that is in high demand is that after a period, such a job may have a lot of persons that would want to fulfil the role.
The number of qualified persons may become more than the job that is available for the people to do in the long run.
Hence this is a disadvantage. Therefore I would conclude by saying that the disadvantage of choosing a highly popular job is that the number of persons that are willing to fulfil the role may exceed the job overtime.
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the numerator in the asset turnover ratio is a.average total assets. b.average long-term assets. c.average current assets. d.sales.
Answers
The numerator in the asset turnover ratio is Sales.
So, the correct option is D.
Revenues are found on a company's income statement (statement of comprehensive income) as the numerator of the asset turnover formula, while total assets are shown on a company's balance sheet as the denominator (statement of financial position).
It is the total gross sales for a given time period minus any customer refunds, concessions, or discounts. Be sure to use the same period for the net sales calculations when comparing the asset turnover ratios of different organizations.
The ratio of sales to total assets gauges a company's capacity to create sales with the least amount of capital outlay. If the ratio is relatively high, management is likely able to maximize the return on small asset investments.
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Items that regularly appear on the financial statements of Maple Park Theatres Corp. The amounts shown for balance sheet items are balances as of September 30,2016
Answers
Answer:
Financial Statements are the reports of a company which provide detailed information about company financial position. The Income statement reports the company revenues and expense for the period whereas Balance sheet reports the company assets and liabilities position.
Explanation:
The Maple Park Theaters Corp. has reported the net of $133,562 in its income statement. The company has planned for reinvesting the 80% of net income into the extension of park. The reinvestment decision is taken by the company management for the purpose of increase revenue. The decision seems to be correct as extension of park and its services will attract more people to the park and ultimately revenue will increase and so profit too.
Type the correct answer in the box. Spell all words correctly.
Which quality helps a leader cooperate with team members?
_____ is a quality that helps a leader cooperate with the team on important matters to achieve company goals.
Answers
Answer:
agreeableness
Explanation:
I got the right answer on edmentum
Laura received a grant that will pay for 30% of her annual estimated tuition and a scholarship that will pay for her books. What is the minimum laura should expect to contribute to her college education for all four years?.
Answers
When Laura received a grant that will pay for 30% of her annual estimated tuition and a scholarship that will pay for her books, she should expect minimum of $124,400 to contribute to her college education for all four years.
What qualifies you for a grant?The most popular choice is grants and scholarships because they are the only financial aid available that doesn't need repayment. The primary distinction between a grant and a scholarship is the source of the funding, the requirements for eligibility, and the application procedure. While scholarships are merit-based and provided to students based on their academic achievements, extracurricular activities, field of study, and other factors, grants are typically given based on financial need.
You must have financial need, be a citizen of the United States or an eligible foreign country, be enrolled in a degree- or certificate-granting program at your college or career school, and more to be eligible for federal aid programs. You're either a full- or part-time undergraduate student.
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a company offers a cash rebate of 1 on each 6 package of batteries sold during 2020 Historically, 12% of customers mail in the rebate form. During 2021, 4100000 packages of batteries are sold, and 179000 $2 rebates are mailed to customers. What is the rebate expense and liability, respectively, shown on the 2021 financial statements dated December 31? A. $358000; $626000 B. $984000; $626000 C. $626000; $626000 D. $984000; $984000
Answers
To determine the rebate expense and liability shown on the 2021 financial statements. The final answer is B. $\(984,000\) for the rebate expense and $\(626,000\) for the rebate liability, respectively.
We need to calculate the total number of rebates expected based on historical redemption rates.
In 2021, \(4,100,000\) packages of batteries were sold. Based on the historical redemption rate of \(12\)%, we can calculate the expected number of rebates as follows:
Expected number of rebates = \(4,100,000\)packages \(* 12\)% = \(492,000\)rebates.
Now, we need to calculate the rebate expense, which is the cost of the rebates issued. Each rebate is $\(2\), so the rebate expense can be calculated as:
Rebate expense = Expected number of rebates * $\(2 = 492,000\) * $\(2 = $984,000.\)
Next, we calculate the rebate liability, which represents the amount owed to customers for unredeemed redemption rates. Since \(179,000\) rebates were actually redeemed, the remaining unredeemed rebates can be calculated as:
Unredeemed rebates = Expected number of rebates - Actual number of rebates redeemed = \(492,000 - 179,000 = 313,000\) rebates.
Rebate liability = Unredeemed rebates \(* $2 = 313,000 * $2 = $626,000.\)
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There is a growing movement in the United States led by the progressive wing of the Democratic Party to have the federal minimum wage raised to $15/hr. Some people agree with the $15/hr minimum wage for the United States, while others oppose raising the minimum wage. The arguments against raising the minimum wage range from the government should not dictate salaries to it will cause low wage workers to lose their jobs since businesses cannot afford a $15/hr minimum wage.
Do you agree with a $15/hr federal minimum wage? The current federal minimum wage in the United States is $7.25/hr. Fully explain your position on this issue in 2 - 3 paragraphs.
Source: Surviving an Unlivable Wage l Full Documentary (Financial Literacy)
Answers
In my opinion, minimum wage should be increased because an increase in minimum wage would reduce poverty, increase consumer spending, and promote economic growth.
Why Should Minimum Wage be Increased?Minimum wage has not kept pace with inflation, and that the current federal minimum wage of $7.25/hr is not a living wage in most parts of the United States. A $15/hr minimum wage would provide a more realistic living wage for many low-wage workers, but there is disagreement on whether this should be achieved through federal legislation or through individual state action.
Ultimately, whether or not to raise the minimum wage is a complex issue that involves balancing the needs of workers, businesses, and the overall economy. It is important for policymakers to carefully consider the potential impacts of any minimum wage increase and to find ways to support low-wage workers without unduly burdening businesses.
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Suppose the following:
I. Two countries each with demand for homogeneous goods given by
P()=40−
II. In country A there is one firm with marginal cost of production of .
III. In country B there is one firm with marginal cost of production of .
IV. Competition in relevant markets is Cournot
a) Find for each country expressions for the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity and firm profits under the assumption that no occurred between the two countries occurred.
b) Now assume a state of free trade occurs between the two countries. Derive expressions for each firm’s quantity supplied and country A’s imports.
c) Assuming that =10 and =8. Which Country stands to benefit by imposing k2 per unit tariff on imports? By how much would total surplus increase? Who gains and who Loses and by how much?
Answers
In the given scenario of Cournot competition between two countries, we can determine the equilibrium price and quantity, as well as firm profits. Without trade, each country's equilibrium quantity is determined by dividing the total demand equally between the two firms. With free trade, the equilibrium price is equalized across countries, and both firms produce based on the total market demand.
a) Without trade, the equilibrium quantity for each country is a third of the total demand. The reaction functions of the firms are derived by considering the reaction of one firm to the output of the other. By solving the system of equations formed by these reaction functions, we find that the equilibrium quantity for both firms is equal to a divided by 3. The equilibrium price is obtained by substituting this quantity into the respective country's demand function.
b) With free trade, the price becomes the same in both countries. Both firms now consider the total market demand when determining their quantity of output. The reaction functions remain the same as in the previous case, but the equilibrium quantity is now determined by solving the system of equations using the common price. The equilibrium quantity for both firms is still a divided by 3, and this quantity is produced and traded under free trade conditions.
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