at rest, the [h3o ] of the stomach fluid is 7.0×10−4 m . what is the ph of the stomach fluid ?

Answers

Answer 1

The pH of the stomach fluid is 3.15.


The concentration of H₃O⁺ ions in the stomach fluid can be found using the equation for pH:

pH = -log[H₃O⁺]

First, we need to convert the concentration of H₃O⁺ ions from molarity to moles per liter (mol/L):

[H₃O⁺] = 7.0×10⁻⁴ mol/L

Then, we can plug this value into the pH equation:

pH = -log(7.0×10⁻⁴)

The stomach is an acidic environment, which helps to break down food and kill harmful bacteria. The acidity of the stomach fluid is due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl), which is produced by special cells in the stomach lining called parietal cells. HCl dissociates in water to form H⁺ ions and Cl⁻ ions, which increase the concentration of H₃O⁺ ions in the stomach fluid.

The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that measures the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a solution. A pH of 7 is neutral, while a pH below 7 is acidic and a pH above 7 is basic. The pH of the stomach fluid is typically between 1.5 and 3.5, depending on the individual and the type of food being digested.

In this case, we are given that the concentration of H₃O⁺ ions in the stomach fluid is 7.0×10⁻⁴ m. By using the pH equation, we can calculate the pH of the stomach fluid to be 3.15. This indicates that the stomach fluid is highly acidic and has a low pH.

Overall, understanding the pH of the stomach fluid is important for understanding how the digestive system works and for diagnosing and treating certain digestive disorders.

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Related Questions

An atom X that has 12 protons and 12 electrons, loses 2 electrons to form an ions, What will be the ion? What will be the number of protons and electrons in the ions?

Answers

An atom X that has 12 protons and 12 electrons, loses 2 electrons to form an ions,  the charge of ion will be X⁺² the number of protons 12 and electrons in the ions is 10.

An atom X has 12 protons and 12 electrons that means X is a neutral atom and the atomic no. is 12 because total no. of protons is equal to atomic number. When it looses the 2 electrons then atom becomes positively charged ion . the charge on the ion is +2.

now, the no. of protons will be = 12

number of electrons will be = 12 - 2 = 10

Thus, An atom X that has 12 protons and 12 electrons, loses 2 electrons to form an ions,  the charge of ion will be X⁺² the number of protons 12 and electrons in the ions is 10.

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An organic synthesis to make the pain reliever acetominophen is supposed to produce 280 kg of product but instead produces 70 kg of waste in addition to the acetaminophen. what is the percent yield?

Answers

The theoretical yield in this instance is 280 kg, however the actual yield is only 70 kg. Consequently, the percent yield is calculated as follows: 25% = 70/280 x 100.

How do you find percent yield?We apply the following formula to determine the yield percentage: percent yield = actual yield/theoretical yield x 100.The percentage yield indicates how much product is produced in relation to the maximum mass that may be produced. The percentage of atoms in reactants that go on to generate the intended product is determined by the atom economy of a reaction.The efficiency of a chemical process is gauged by percentage yield. It provides us with information on the percentage of our reactants that effectively converted into a product.Percent yield is a metric that contrasts the amount of product we actually generate with the amount we predict we should produce. There will always be a small amount of product left over after a reaction in a genuine lab. How close we can come is indicated by percent yield.

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how many degrees of vibrational freedom does al2cl6

Answers

The degrees of the vibrational freedom does Al₂Cl₆ is 18.

For the vibrational degrees of freedom of the molecule is as :

f = 3N - 6 - L

Where

f  = the number of vibrational degrees of the freedom,

N = the total number of the atoms in the molecule,

L = the number of the constraints or the restrictions

For the aluminum chloride,

N = 2 ( the two aluminum atoms) + 6 ( the six chlorine atoms) = 8.

The molecule has the  D3h symmetry, which will imposes some of the constraints in the vibrational motion of the molecule.

f = 3N - 6 - L

f = 3(8) - 6 - 5

f  = 18

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Why do we use helium in balloons instead of hydrogen.

Answers

Answer:

Helium is a noble gas, so it's nonreactive. In contrast, hydrogen is very reactive. It would be dangerous to have explosive balloons.

what happens in terms of kinetic energy and the movement of particles during transition shifts

Answers

During transition shifts, the kinetic energy and movement of particles undergo significant changes. Transition shifts refer to phase transitions, such as melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation, where a substance changes from one phase to another.

As a substance undergoes a transition shift, there are changes in the average kinetic energy and movement of its particles. Let's consider the example of water transitioning from a solid (ice) to a liquid (water) during melting.

During melting, the temperature of the ice increases, imparting energy to the ice particles. As a result, the average kinetic energy of the particles increases. The particles gain enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces holding them in a fixed arrangement, causing them to break free from their ordered positions.

As the transition progresses, the particles gain enough energy to move more freely and with greater speed. The increased kinetic energy allows the particles to break the bonds between them and move past each other, resulting in the transition from a solid to a liquid state.

Similarly, during other phase transitions, the average kinetic energy and movement of particles change accordingly. For example, during vaporization (transition from liquid to gas), particles gain even more energy, causing them to move rapidly and independently in the gas phase.

Overall, during transition shifts, there is an increase in the average kinetic energy of particles, enabling them to break intermolecular bonds and move more freely as they transition between different phases.

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50 mL of unknown concentration of HBr is titrated with 0.500M KOH. It is found that to complete neutralization, 75mL of KOH was used. What was the original volume of HBr that was titrated ?

Answers

The original volume of HBr that was titrated can be calculated as the ratio of the moles of HBr to its concentration.

To determine the original volume of HBr that was titrated, we can use the concept of stoichiometry and the equation balanced for the neutralization reaction between HBr and KOH.

The balanced equation is:

HBr + KOH → KBr + H₂O

From the balanced equation, we can see that the stoichiometric ratio between HBr and KOH is 1:1. This means that for every mole of HBr, we need an equal number of moles of KOH to complete neutralization.

First, let's determine the moles of KOH used in the titration:

Moles of KOH = 0.500 M × 0.075 L = 0.0375 mol

Since the stoichiometric ratio is 1:1, this also represents the number of moles of HBr that were neutralized.

Now, we can calculate the original volume of HBr using the concentration of the unknown solution:

Moles of HBr = 0.0375 mol

Concentration of HBr = unknown (let's assume it is C mol/L)

Volume of HBr = Moles of HBr / Concentration of HBr = 0.0375 mol / C mol/L

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4. What are the two ways that you can recognize a numeric place changes (1s vs. 10s vs. 100s) on a micropipettor?

Answers

it's 100,0002 pn a micropipettor

Calculate the approximate volume of a 0.600 mol sample of gas at 15 °C and a pressure of
1.0 atm.

Answers

1) List known values.

sample: 0.600 mol

Pressure: 1.0 atm

Temperature: 15ºC

Constant: 0.082057 L⋅atm⋅K−1⋅mol−1

List unknown values

Volume:

2) Set the equation and solve for V.

\(PV=\text{nRT}\)\(\frac{PV}{P}=\frac{nRT}{P}\)\(V=\frac{nRT}{P}\)

3) Converting to proper units.

15ºC + 273.15 = 288.15 K

4) Plug in known values.

n: 0.600 mol

R: 0.082057 L⋅atm⋅K−1⋅mol−1

T: 288.15 K

P: 1.0 atm

\(V=\frac{(0.600\text{mol)}(0.082057L\cdot\text{atm}\cdot K^{-1}\cdot mol^{-1})(288.15\text{ K)}}{1.0\text{ atm}}=14.18683\text{ L}\)

The sample will occupy a volume of 14.19 L.

Which of the following reactions corresponds to the thermochemical equation for the standard molar enthalpy of formation of solid zinc nitrate? Zn? "(aq) 2NO; (aq) Zn(NO3)z(s) b) Zn(s) 2N(g) 6O(g) Zn(NO3)z(s) Zn(OH)z(s) 2HNO3(aq) Zn(NO3)z(s) 2Hz0(€) Zn(s) Nz(g) 30-(g) Zn(NO3)z(s) Zn(s) 2HNO;(aq) Zn(NOg)z(s) Hz(g)

Answers

The correct answer for the thermochemical equation for the standard molar enthalpy of formation of solid zinc nitrate is option b) Zn(s) + 2N(g) + 6O(g) → Zn(NO3)2(s).

This equation represents the formation of one mole of solid zinc nitrate from its constituent elements in their standard states, with all reactants and products in their standard states and under standard conditions (25°C and 1 atm pressure).
To determine the standard molar enthalpy of formation of a compound, we need to measure the enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of the compound is formed from its elements in their standard states. In this case, we need to measure the enthalpy change for the reaction Zn(s) + 2N(g) + 6O(g) → Zn(NO3)2(s), which corresponds to the formation of one mole of solid zinc nitrate from its elements in their standard states.
This reaction can be measured experimentally using calorimetry, which involves measuring the heat released or absorbed during the reaction. The enthalpy change for this reaction is then divided by the number of moles of zinc nitrate formed to obtain the standard molar enthalpy of formation of solid zinc nitrate.

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If a man with long eyelashes (LL) marries a woman with long eyelashes (Ll), what are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of their children?

Answers

Answer:

Long eyelashes

Explanation:

it would be long eyelashes unless somewhere in the family tree has short eyelashes.

The possible genotypes of their children would be LL (homozygous dominant) and Ll (heterozygous), and the possible phenotype would be long eyelashes

When a man with the genotype LL (homozygous dominant) for long eyelashes marries a woman with the genotype Ll (heterozygous) for long eyelashes, their children can have different genotypes and phenotypes.

The possible genotypes of their children can be:

LL (homozygous dominant): In this case, the child inherits the dominant allele from both parents and will have long eyelashes.

Ll (heterozygous): In this case, the child inherits one dominant allele from the father and one recessive allele from the mother. They will also have long eyelashes, as the dominant allele (L) determines the trait.

The possible phenotypes of their children would be:

Long eyelashes: Both the LL genotype and Ll genotype would result in the child having long eyelashes.

In summary, the possible genotypes of their children would be LL (homozygous dominant) and Ll (heterozygous), and the possible phenotype would be long eyelashes.

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Which of the following values best classifies a bond between 2 atoms as
being covalent?

Which of the following values best classifies a bond between 2 atoms asbeing covalent?

Answers

Answer:

C. An electronegativity difference of less than 1.7 between the atoms

Explanation:

I have no idea but that’s correct I just answered it on apex

An electronegativity difference of less than 1.7 between two atoms best classifies a covalent bond.

What is a covalent bond?

Covalent bond is defined as a type of bond which is formed by the mutual sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between the two atoms.These electron pairs are called as bonding pairs or shared pair of electrons.

Due to the sharing of valence electrons , the atoms are able to achieve a stable electronic configuration . Covalent bonding involves many types of interactions like σ bonding,π bonding ,metal-to-metal bonding ,etc.

Sigma bonds are the strongest covalent bonds while the pi bonds are weaker covalent bonds .Covalent bonds are affected by electronegativities of the atoms present in the molecules.Compounds having covalent bonds have lower melting points as compared to those with ionic bonds.

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Polyelectrolytes are typically used to separate oil and water in industrial applications. The separation process is dependent on controlling the pH. Fifteen (15) pH readings of wastewater following these processes were recorded. Is it reasonable to model these data using a normal distribution? 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 10.0 10.5 7.6 11.4 11.4 10.0 Yes, it passes the "fat pencil" test. Therefore, a normal distribution is a reasonable model. No, it does not pass the "fat pencil" test. Therefore, a normal distribution is not a reasonable model. O Yes, it passes the "fat pencil" test. Therefore, a normal distribution is not a reasonable model. O No, it does not pass the "fat pencil" test. Therefore, a normal distribution is a reasonable model.

Answers

No, it does not pass the "fat pencil" test. Therefore, a normal distribution is not a reasonable model. Option B is the correct answer.

The "fat pencil" test is a quick visual check to determine if a dataset can be reasonably approximated by a normal distribution. In this case, the pH readings of wastewater show a significant deviation from a normal distribution. The presence of several low pH values (1.0) and a few high pH values (10.0, 10.5, 11.4) indicate a non-normal distribution with skewness and potential outliers. Therefore, it is not reasonable to model these data using a normal distribution.

Option B is the correct answer.

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How is
solid different from gas ?

Answers

Answer:

gas are well separated with no regular arrangement. liquid are close together with no regular arrangement. solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern.

Explanation:

why is it difficult to diagnose HIV and AIDS without an HIV blood test​

Answers

There really isn’t any symptoms on hiv or aids.

Which correctly lists three items that are removed during the purification of wastewater?
chemicals, gases, solids
debris, chemicals, solids
gases, debris, groundwater
groundwater, gases, harmful organisms

Answers

Answer: its the 3rd one

Explanation:

Answer:

gases, debris, groundwater.

Explanation:

if I'm wrong blame me.

hope it helps.

and can I have briniest

What are the two major causes of genetic disorders in humans?

Answers

Some genetic disorders are caused by mutations in the DNA while other disorders are caused by changes in the overall structure or number of chromosomes.

Answer:

genetic mutation or the environmental exposures

what is the goal of the nifty home experiment

Answers

the goal is Happiness

A playing card was placed on top of a glass during the clever at-home experiment, and then a quarter was placed on top of the card. The quarter landed in the glass when the card was pushed.

To determine the likelihood that the fetus will be born with specific chromosomal abnormalities, pregnant women can take the non-invasive prenatal screening test NIFTY (also known as cell-free DNA screening).

Because of its inertia, the coin is strongly motivated to remain stationary. The card cannot be moved quickly enough to defeat that force if it is moved slowly. The coin drops into the cup after staying in one position if you flick it swiftly.

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Provide a stable structure for the following compound: C9H10O3; IR: 2300-3200, 1710, 1600 cm-1; 1H NMR spectrum:

Answers

The compound C₉H₁₀O₃ has possible stable structures which include include 3-phenylpropanoic acid methyl ester or 3-phenyl-2-butanone.

This compound has an IR spectrum with peaks at 2300-3200 cm⁻¹ (indicating the presence of C-H stretching vibrations), 1710 cm⁻¹ (indicating the presence of a carbonyl group), and 1600 cm⁻¹ (indicating the presence of an aromatic ring).

The 1H NMR spectrum for this compound would provide information about the hydrogen atoms in the molecule, including their chemical shift, integration (number of hydrogens represented by the signal), and multiplicity (splitting pattern caused by neighboring hydrogens).

Without the 1H NMR spectrum, it is difficult to determine the exact structure of the compound. However, based on the IR spectrum, the presence of an aromatic ring and a carbonyl group suggests that the compound may be a substituted aromatic ketone or ester.

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In what step of the motivated sequence would the speaker establish relevancy, interest, and motivation to listen

Answers

In the motivated sequence, the step where the speaker establishes relevancy, interest, and motivation to listen is called the "Attention" step.

The purpose of the Attention step is to capture the audience's attention, pique their interest, and make them understand why the topic being presented is relevant and important to them. The speaker uses various techniques, such as engaging stories, startling facts, or thought-provoking questions, to grab the audience's attention and create a connection between the topic and their personal interests or concerns.

By establishing relevancy, interest, and motivation to listen in the Attention step, the speaker sets the stage for the rest of the presentation and increases the likelihood of audience engagement and receptiveness to the message.

The given question is incomplete and the completed question is given as,

In the text's persuasive speech example to get the audience to enroll in a CPR course, in what step of the motivated sequence would the speaker establish relevancy, interest, and motivation to listen?

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Choose a body system and write about what kind of music it would listen to. write 2 sentences for full credit.

Answers

Answer : Music is read differently in the brain than

nonmusical tones and is connected to many different areas of the brain. Learning music

relegates a larger part of the brain to recognizing and interpreting music. Listening to

music has also been found to have an effect on learning.

Answer:

The heart would listen to music with a nice rhythm as it beats to the song.

Explanation:

What is more reactive Scandium or Cobalt ?

Answers

Answer:

Cobalt? LOL

Explanation:

Select six different types of energy. physical light chemical mechanical atomic electrical mental heat

Answers

Answer:

Mechanical energy is energy that results from movement or the location of an object. Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy.

Explanation:

Nuclear energy is energy resulting from changes in the atomic nuclei or from nuclear reactions.

Example: Nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, and nuclear decay are examples of nuclear energy. An atomic detonation or power from a nuclear plant are specific examples of this type of energy.

Frida wants to measure the volume of a stone. She starts by pouring 473 mL of water into a large measuring cup. Then she drops in the stone. Now the water measures 499 mL. What is the volume of the stone

Answers

Frida wants to find the volume of a stone by measuring the change in water volume before and after the stone is added.  the volume of the stone is 26 cm³.

Frida wants to find the volume of a stone by measuring the change in water volume before and after the stone is added. She fills a measuring cup with 473 mL of water and drops the stone in, causing the water level to rise to 499 mL. Using the conversion factor that 1 mL = 1 cm³, the initial volume of water is 473 cm³ and the final volume of water is 499 cm³. By applying the equation [Volume of stone] + [Initial water volume] = [Final water volume],

substituting the values

⇒ xcm3 +473cm3 = 499cm3

xcm3 =499cm3 −473cm3

xcm3 =26cm cube

the volume of the stone can be determined to be 26 cm³.

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If 246,000 J of energy are required to raise 10 kg of sodium from 15°C to 35°C, what is the specific heat capacity of sodium?

Answers

The specific heat capacity of sodium is 6.15 J/(g°C).The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one unit of mass by one degree Celsius. In this case, we are given that 246,000 J of energy are required to raise 10 kg of sodium from 15°C to 35°C.

To find the specific heat capacity of sodium, we can use the formula:
Q = mcΔT
Where Q is the heat energy absorbed, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
Plugging in the values given, we get:
246,000 J = 10 kg x c x (35°C - 15°C)
Simplifying:
246,000 J = 200 kg x c x 20°C
Solving for c:
c = 246,000 J / (200 kg x 20°C)
c = 6.15 J/(g°C)

The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one unit of mass by one degree Celsius. In this case, we are given that 246,000 J of energy are required to raise 10 kg of sodium from 15°C to 35°C.
Therefore, the specific heat capacity of sodium is 6.15 J/(g°C).

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which of the following statement(s) is/are true about chemical kinetics? group of answer choices chemical kinetics shows the transfer of energy in the form of heat and/or work. chemical kinetics is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with the direction in which a process occurs but in itself tells nothing about its rate. a reaction rate law must match the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation reaction rate can be defined as the decrease in the concentrations of reactants with time. chemical kinetics is the study of the rates of reactions.

Answers

The following two statements are true about chemical kinetics.

1. Chemical  kinetics is the study of the rate of reactions.
2. A reaction rate can be defined as the decrease in the concentrations of reactants with time.

Chemical kinetics deals with the study of rate of chemical reactions. Rate of reaction is defined as  the measure of the change in concentration of the reactants or the change in concentration of the products per unit time.

The reaction rates decrease with time because reactant concentrations decrease as reactants are converted to products. The rate decreases as the reaction proceeds.

               A→B

A= reactant        rate of reaction =-\(\frac{d[A]}{dt}\)

B=product          rate of reaction=+\(\frac{d[B]}{dt}\)

This means that the concentration of 'A' decrease  with respect to time. It can also be noted by measuring the increase in the Concentration of B with the passage of time.

Negative sign indicates the conc. of reactants decreases with time

Positive sign indicates that conc. of product increases with the passage of time .Remember rate of reaction always positive.

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Explain in detail what happens when an acid and a base mix. Try to use the words ions, attraction, neutral and bonding in your answer.

( I understand how to use all keywords except from attraction, when does attraction occur in neutralization?)

Answers

Answer:

when acid and the base mix it is bonding together and that makes it have a little blast but because of the acid

Explanation:

acid is the mane thing that makes 50% of things blast like as if i were to put baking soada and acid it would blast.  

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Which type of sedimentary rock is pictured here?

Answers

Answer: there is no photo so we can’t answer it:)

Explanation:

Answer: organic

Explanation:

Question 7 of 25
Lighting a match is an example of what kind of energy conversion?
O A. Chemical potential energy being converted to heat energy
B. Kinetic energy being converted to chemical potential energy
C. Chemical potential energy being converted to kinetic energy
D. Gravitational potential energy being converted to heat energy

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

APEX

Lighting a match is an example of chemical potential energy being converted to heat energy. The correct option is A.  

What is the conversion of energy?

Conversion of energy is when the energy is converted from one form into another form. When chemical or physical reactions occur, there is always a conversion of energy from one form to another.

When we match a light, there is a chemical, Phosphorous sulfide which is rubbed against other chemical, and react and produce fire, so it is converted into heat energy.

Thus, the correct option is A. Chemical potential energy is converted to heat energy regarding lighting a match.

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PLS HELP ASAP!
How many years?

The radioactive isotope carbon-14 is used for radiocarbon dating. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5.73×103 years.

A wooden artifact in a museum has a 14C to 12C ratio that is 0.745 times that found in living organisms. Estimate the age of the artifact.
use graph

PLS HELP ASAP!How many years?The radioactive isotope carbon-14 is used for radiocarbon dating. The half-life

Answers

Answer:

about 5 years i think

Explanation:

I've tried all the methods i know

it's about 5 years

hope it helps

The age of the artifact is equal to 2.5 × 10³ years when the half-life of carbon- 14 is 5.73 × 10³ years.

What is the half-life period?

The half-life of a radioactive element is defined as the time that is required to decrease the original quantity of a radioactive isotope to half after decay.

The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the feature of the element and does not depend upon the actual amount of the radioactive isotope.

Given, the ratio of the initial and left amount of  ¹⁴C is :

N = 0.745 N₀

The half-life period of the ¹⁴C isotope = 5.73 × 10³ years

The rate constant of the decay of radioisotope can be calculated from the below-mentioned formula:

\(\displaystyle k=\frac{0.693}{t_{1/2}}\)

\(\displaystyle k=\frac{0.693}{5.73 \times 10^3}\)

k = 0.123 × 10⁻³ yr⁻¹

The age of the artifact can be calculated as:
\(\displaystyle t =\frac{2.303}{k} log\frac{N_0}{N}\)

\(\displaystyle t =\frac{2.303}{0.123\times 10^{-3}} log\frac{N_0}{0.735 N_0}\)

t = 2.5 × 10³ years

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For each of the following strong base solutions, determine [OH−],[H3O+], pH, and pOH

A) 0.11 M NaOH

B) 1.5 x 10^-3 M Ca(OH)2

C) 4.8 x 10^-4 M Sr(OH)2

D) 8.7 x 10^-5 M KOH

Answers

A) 0.11 M NaOH:

Since NaOH is a strong base, it dissociates completely in water:

[OH-] = 0.11 M

[H₃O+] = 1 x10⁻¹⁴ / [OH-] = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴ 0.11 = 9.09 x 10⁻¹⁴M

pOH = -log[OH-] = -log(0.11) ≈ 0.96

pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 0.96 ≈ 13.04

B) 1.5 x 10⁻³ M Ca(OH)₂:

Ca(OH)₂ dissociates to form two OH- ions per formula unit:

[OH-] = 2 x 1.5 x 10⁻³ = 3 x 10⁻³ M

[H3O+] = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴ / [OH-] = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴/ 3 x 10⁻³ = 3.33 x 10⁻¹²M

pOH = -log[OH-] = -log(3 x 10⁻³) ≈ 2.52

pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 2.52 ≈ 11.48

C) 4.8 x 10⁻⁴ M Sr(OH)₂:

Sr(OH)₂ dissociates to form two OH- ions per formula unit:

[OH-] = 2 x 4.8 x 10⁻⁴ = 9.6 x 10⁻⁴ M

[H3O+] = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴/ [OH-] = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴ / 9.6 x 10⁻¹⁴ = 1.04 x 10⁻¹¹M

pOH = -log[OH-] = -log(9.6 x 10⁻⁴) ≈ 3.02

pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 3.02 ≈ 10.98

D) 8.7 x 10⁻⁵ M KOH:

Since KOH is a strong base, it dissociates completely in water:

[OH-] = 8.7 x 10⁻⁵ M

[H3O+] = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴ / [OH-] = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴ / 8.7 x 10⁻⁵ = 1.15 x 10⁻¹⁰ M

pOH = -log[OH-] = -log(8.7 x 10⁻⁵) ≈ 4.06

pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 4.06 ≈ 9.94

To determine the concentrations of hydroxide ions ([OH-]), hydronium ions ([H3O+]), pH, and pOH for the given strong base solutions, we can use the fact that strong bases dissociate completely in water. Here are the calculations for each solution:

A) 0.11 M NaOH:

Since NaOH is a strong base, it dissociates into Na+ and OH- ions. Therefore, [OH-] is equal to the concentration of NaOH, which is 0.11 M. In water, the concentration of H₃O+ is negligible because NaOH does not provide H+ ions. As a result, the pH can be calculated by taking the negative logarithm of the [OH-] concentration, which is approximately 13.04. The pOH is the negative logarithm of the [H₃O+] concentration, which is negligible.

B)  1.5 x 10⁻³ M Ca(OH)₂:

Calcium hydroxide ( Ca(OH)₂) dissociates into Ca₂+ and two OH- ions. Since the concentration of  Ca(OH)₂ is 1.5 x 10⁻³ M, the concentration of OH- ions is twice that, or 3 x 10⁻³ M. The concentration of H₃O+ is negligible in this case. Therefore, the pOH can be calculated by taking the negative logarithm of the [OH-] concentration, resulting in approximately 2.52. The pH is 14 minus the pOH, which is approximately 11.48.

C) 4.8 x 10⁻⁴ M Sr(OH)₂:

Strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2) dissociates into Sr₂+ and two OH- ions. Thus, the concentration of OH- ions is twice the concentration of Sr(OH)2, which is 9.6 x 10⁻⁴ M. Since the concentration of H₃O+ is negligible, the pOH can be calculated as approximately 3.02. The pH is 14 minus the pOH, which is approximately 10.98.

D)8.7 x 10⁻⁵ M KOH:

As KOH is a strong base, it dissociates into K+ and OH- ions. Consequently, the concentration of OH- ions is equal to the concentration of KOH, which is 8.7 x 10⁻⁵ M. Since there are no H₃O+ ions provided by KOH, the pH is calculated by taking the negative logarithm of the [OH-] concentration, resulting in approximately 9.94. The pOH is negligible in this case.

These calculations provide the values for [OH-], [H₃O+], pH, and pOH for each of the given strong base solutions.

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