BER Performance in AWGN (BPSK and QPSK) ➤ Create an AWGN channel object. Uses it to process a BPSK and QPSK signal. Compare the BER of the system for different values of SNR. Plot power spectral density for each one.

Answer:

a)\(V_1=4.88m^2/s\)

  \(V_2=4.88m^2/s\)

b)\(P=-119.18kW\)

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

Steady State Saturated vapor \(T_1= -20C=>253k\)

Mass Flow rate \(M=1.2kg/s\)

Exit Pressure \(P_2=7bar\)

Exit Temperature \(T_2=70C=>373k\)

From Refrigerant 134a Properties

\(T_1= -20C =>P_1=1.399 bar\)

Generally the equation for Volumetric Flow rate is mathematically given by

For Inlet

\(V_1=m\frac{RT_1}{P_1}\)

\(V_1=m\frac{8314*253}{1.399*10^3}\)

\(V_1=18.97m^2/s\)

For outlet

\(V_2=m\frac{RT_2}{P_2}\)

\(V_2=1.2*\frac{8314*343}{7*10^3}\)

\(V_2=4.88m^2/s\)

b)

Generally the equation for Steady state mass and energy equation  is mathematically given by

\(P=m(h_1-h_2)\)

From Refrigerant 134a Properties

\(T_1= -20C =>h_1=24.76kJ/kg\)

\(T_2= 70C =>h_2=124.08kJ/kg\)

Therefore

\(P=1.2(12.76-124.08)\)

\(P=-119.18kW\)

Therefore

Power input into the compressor is

\(P=-119.18kW\)

The H screw on a carburetor is used for adjusting the high-speed fuel-air mixture of the engine. This screw is responsible for controlling the amount of fuel and air that enters the engine when it is running at a high speed.

It is important to set this screw correctly in order to ensure optimal engine performance and prevent damage to the engine. The idle mixture is adjusted using a different screw, typically labeled as the L screw. The throttle position of the carburetor is also important to consider when adjusting the engine speed. A carburetor is a device that mixes air and fuel in the proper ratio for combustion in an internal combustion engine. It is used in older gasoline-powered vehicles and small engines such as lawnmowers, chainsaws, and motorcycles. The carburetor works by regulating the flow of air and fuel into the engine. It consists of a series of tubes, valves, and chambers that control the amount of fuel and air that enter the engine. Carburetors have been largely replaced by fuel injection systems, which are more efficient and reliable, but they still have some applications in small engines and vintage vehicles. Carburetors require regular maintenance and tuning to ensure proper engine performance and fuel efficiency.

Learn more about carburetor here:

https://brainly.com/question/4237015

#SPJ11

Answer:

Keeps workers interested and motivated, helping reduce dangerous behavior and eliminate hazardous situations

Explanation:

Frequent hands-on training and practice drives home the message that safety is a critical part of any work site. Safety should always be a top concern for every company and organization.

Technician A is correct when he says that cupped wear and bald spots on the tire tread may be caused by dynamic imbalance.

1) This is because dynamic imbalance refers to the vibration that occurs due to an imbalance in the rotating tire assembly. When this happens, it causes uneven wear on the tire tread which may result in cupped wear and bald spots. These conditions usually occur when the tire is not balanced properly, and this can lead to uneven wear on the tire tread.

2)Technician B is not entirely correct when he says that chassis waddle may be caused by static imbalance. This is because static imbalance refers to the imbalance that occurs when the tire is not properly balanced while at rest. It is the type of imbalance that is corrected through wheel balancing. Chassis waddle, on the other hand, is the side-to-side motion of the vehicle's body.

3)It occurs when the suspension and steering systems are not working correctly, and it can result in poor handling and steering response. While static imbalance can contribute to chassis waddle, it is not the only cause of this condition.

4)In summary, technician A is correct about cupped wear and bald spots on the tire tread being caused by dynamic imbalance. However, technician B is not entirely correct about chassis waddle being caused by static imbalance, as other factors can contribute to this condition.

For such more question on imbalance

https://brainly.com/question/14248010

#SPJ11

A two-terminal solid-state device that allows current to flow in both directions once breakover voltage is reached and so long as holding current remains high enough is a Thyristor.

What is a thyristor?A thyristor is a solid-state device that works as a switch, rectifier, and voltage controller. Thyristors are used to regulate power and electronic signals, particularly in applications such as DC motor control, heating control, and AC power transmission. They are also used in light dimming and inrush current limiting circuits.

A thyristor can operate in various modes, including reverse blocking, forward blocking, and bidirectional. The term "thyristor" is a generic name for any device with a multilayer semiconductor structure similar to that of a diode and a controlled switch that can be turned on and off. The name "thyristor" comes from its use as a "solid-state" equivalent of the thyratron tube, a vacuum tube.

Learn more about breakover voltage: https://brainly.com/question/33457247

#SPJ11

The programming concepts covered in the scientific calculator project include object-oriented programming concepts such as objects and classes, control structures like loops and if-else statements.

The paragraph describes a project that involves developing a scientific calculator with various mathematical functions and a menu to select those functions.

The project requires the use of several fundamental programming concepts such as object and class, loops, if-else statements, arrays, inheritance, and switch statements.

These concepts are essential building blocks in programming and are commonly used in various programming languages. By incorporating these concepts into the project, students can gain a better understanding of how to structure and design their code effectively.

Additionally, this project provides a practical application of these concepts, allowing students to apply them in a real-world context and develop their problem-solving skills.

Learn more about scientific calculator

brainly.com/question/30339982

#SPJ11

Answer:

true

Simply put, asynchronous communication is communication that doesn't happen in real-time (e.g. on the phone, in-person, or during a live video conferencing meeting). For instance, in the above example, your coworker is busy and can't properly comprehend the information you're providing when you visit her desk.

The element of an ICMP header that indicates that the packet is an ICMP Echo Request message is the "Type" field. In the ICMP header, the Type field specifies the type of ICMP message being sent.

For an ICMP Echo Request message, the Type field is set to a specific value, typically 8. This value indicates that the packet is a request for an Echo Reply, commonly known as a ping request. The ICMP Echo Request message is used to test the reachability and round-trip time of a network node. When a receiving network node sees an ICMP packet with the Type field set to the value indicating Echo Request, it knows that the packet is a ping request and can respond accordingly.

To learn more about  Request   click on the link below:

brainly.com/question/31925669

#SPJ11

Answer:

I can help you with your calculation.

To add and subtract angles in degrees, minutes, seconds (DMS) form, you need to follow these steps12:

Align the angles so that the degrees, minutes, and seconds are in the same column.

Add or subtract the seconds first. If the result is more than 60 or less than 0, adjust the minutes accordingly.

Add or subtract the minutes next. If the result is more than 60 or less than 0, adjust the degrees accordingly.

Add or subtract the degrees last.

Using this method, your calculation can be done as follows:

64º26’18’’ + 195º57’12,75’’ – 100º55’35’’ = 64º26’18’’ + 195º57’12.75’’ – 100º55’35’’ = 159º83’30.75’’ – 100º55’35’’ = 159º83’(30.75 - 35)’’ – 100º55’0’’ = 159º82’55.75’’ – 100º55’0’’ = 159º(82 - 55)’55.75’’ – 100º0’0’’ = 159º27’55.75’’ – 100º0’0’’ = (159 - 100)º27’55.75’’ = 59º27’55.75’’

Therefore, the answer is 59º27’55.75’’. I hope this helps!

Explanation:

The chemist can employ a two-factor factorial design, considering cloth type (factor A) and chemical agent (factor B) as the factors, each with three levels.

The statistical model is Y_ijk = µ + α_i + β_j + (αβ)_ij + ε_ijk, where Y_ijk is the observed strength, µ is the overall mean, α_i is the effect of the i-th cloth, β_j is the effect of the j-th chemical, (αβ)_ij is the interaction effect, and ε_ijk is the random error.

Degrees of Freedom (DF):

Cloth DF = (3-1) = 2

Chemical DF = (3-1) = 2

Interaction DF = (3-1)(3-1) = 4

Error DF = [332 - (2+2+4+1)] = 10

Total DF = 33*2 - 1 = 17.

Read more about statistical models here:

https://brainly.com/question/29104227

#SPJ1

The five type of new communication method (both wire and wireless) are:

This means the act of giving, receiving and sharing of information as well as talking, writing, listening or reading.

The types of Communication includes:

The wired communication involves transmission of data over a wire-based communication technology while a wireless communication involves transmission of data without the use of a cable or wire.

Read more about communication

brainly.com/question/26152499

#SPJ1

According to the information we can infer that the composition of the vapor phase is 50 mol% Methanol and 50 mol% water, while the composition of the liquid phase is also 50 mol% Methanol and 50 mol% water. The fraction of vapor and liquid that exit the flash tank depends on the temperature and pressure conditions and can be determined using the equilibrium relationship.

According to Raoult's Law, the partial pressure of a component in a mixture is proportional to its mole fraction. In this case, since the initial mixture is 50 mol% Methanol and 50 mol% water, the partial pressures of Methanol and water in the mixture will be equal to their mole fractions.

Additionally, we have to consider that the mixture is fed into the flash tank at 80∘C and the same pressure (101.325 kPa), we can determine the composition of the vapor and liquid phases using the equilibrium relationship.

By comparing the equilibrium data, we can find that the vapor and liquid phases will have the same composition as the initial mixture of 50 mol% Methanol and 50 mol% water.

According to the information, we can conclude that the composition of the vapor phase and the liquid phase will both be 50 mol% Methanol and 50 mol% water. The fraction of vapor and liquid that exit the flash tank will depend on the equilibrium conditions, and without additional information, we cannot determine the exact fractions.

Learn more about substances in: https://brainly.com/question/13320535
#SPJ4

The Diffie-Hellman key exchange (DHKE) protocol is a method for securely exchanging a cryptographic key over an unsecured communication channel. In the DHKE protocol, Alice and Bob agree to use a specific Galois field, GF(2^m), and a primitive element, a, for their key exchange. In the case given, GF(25) is used and the primitive element is a = x^2.

To compute bA, Alice first needs to compute a^3 (since her private key is 3) and then raise that value to the power of 12 (since b = 12). In GF(25), the multiplication operation is performed by adding the exponents of the two field elements being multiplied and then taking the result modulo 25 (since the field polynomial is x^5 + x^2 + 1, the degree of the polynomial is 5, so the result of any multiplication operation must be less than 25).

First, we compute a^3 by taking the exponent of a (which is 2) and multiplying it by 3 mod 25:

a^3 = (a^2)^3 = (x^2)^3 = x^6 = x^1 = x

Next, we compute bA by taking a^3 and raising it to the power of 12 mod 25:

bA = (a^3)^12 = (x^1)^12 = x^12 = x^2 = a

Thus, the final value of bA is a.

To compute bB, Bob first raises the primitive element a to his private key b to obtain the shared secret:

bB = a^b = (x^2)^12 = x^24 = x^4

Since we are working in GF(2^5) with the irreducible polynomial P(x) = x^5 + x^2 + 1, we need to reduce the degree of x^4 modulo P(x) to obtain the final shared secret:

x^4 = (x^5 + x^2 + 1)q(x) + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1

Therefore, the shared secret bB = x^3 + x^2 + x + 1.

Learn more about DHKE protocol, here https://brainly.com/question/29376731

#SPJ4

Answer:

Cool I think u should do Marvel first

Answer:

Some ways that an operations manager may alter operations to meet customer demand include understanding who the customer is (this could be conducted through surveys and feedback opportunities for the customer) and making stock demand be more efficient to meet customer demand.

A value of R equal to 5000 Ω will result in a critically damped response.

The characteristic equation for a parallel RLC circuit is given by:

s^2 + (R/L)s + 1/(LC) = 0

where:

s = complex frequency

R = resistance (2000 Ω)

L = inductance (250 mH = 0.25 H)

C = capacitance (10 nF = 10 * 10^(-9) F)

Substituting the given values into the characteristic equation:

s^2 + (2000/0.25)s + 1/((0.25)(10*10^(-9))) = 0

s^2 + 8000s + 4 * 10^12 = 0

To determine whether the response will be over-, under-, or critically damped, we need to examine the discriminant of the characteristic equation. The discriminant is given by:

D = (b^2 - 4ac)

where:

a = 1

b = 8000

c = 4 * 10^12

Calculating the discriminant:

D = (8000^2 - 4(1)(4 * 10^12))

D = 64 * 10^6 - 16 * 10^12

D = -15.936 * 10^12

Since the discriminant is negative (D < 0), the response will be overdamped.

c) To find the value of R that yields a damped frequency of 12 krad/s, we can use the formula for the damped frequency:

ωd = sqrt((1/(LC)) - (R^2/(2L^2)))

Substituting the given values:

12 * 10^3 = sqrt((1/((0.25)(10 * 10^(-9)))) - (R^2/(2 * (0.25^2))))

Squaring both sides:

(12 * 10^3)^2 = (1/((0.25)(10 * 10^(-9)))) - (R^2/(2 * (0.25^2)))

144 * 10^6 = (1/(0.25 * 10^(-9))) - (R^2/(2 * 0.0625))

144 * 10^6 = 4 * 10^9 - (R^2/0.125)

Subtracting 4 * 10^9 from both sides:

140 * 10^6 = - (R^2/0.125)

Dividing both sides by -1:

-140 * 10^6 = R^2/0.125

R^2 = -(140 * 10^6)(0.125)

R^2 = -17.5 * 10^6

Taking the square root of both sides:

R = ±sqrt(-17.5 * 10^6)

Since the square root of a negative number is imaginary, there is no real value of R that yields a damped frequency of 12 krad/s.

Since there is no real value of R that satisfies the condition in (c), there are no roots of the characteristic equation to find.

To achieve a critically damped response, we need to set the discriminant equal to zero (D = 0) in the characteristic equation.

64 * 10^6 - 16 * 10^12 = 0

Dividing both sides by 16 * 10^12:

4 * 10^(-6) = 10^6 / R^2

R^2 = 10^6 / (4 * 10^(-6))

R^2 = 250 * 10^6

Taking the square root of both sides:

R = ±sqrt(250 * 10^6)

R = ±5000 Ω

Therefore, a value of R equal to 5000 Ω will result in a critically damped response.

Learn more about circuit on:

https://brainly.com/question/12608516

#SPJ4

Efficient and reliable communication and tracking system.

In the aviation industry, having an efficient and reliable communication and tracking system is crucial for ensuring safe and smooth operations. This advanced system enables real-time communication between pilots, air traffic controllers, and ground personnel, allowing for timely updates, instructions, and emergency responses. It also facilitates the tracking and monitoring of aircraft, enhancing situational awareness and enabling proactive measures in case of any deviations or emergencies.

Implementing such advanced communication and tracking systems requires the collaboration of airlines and aviation companies with technology providers and regulatory authorities. They need to invest in the development and deployment of cutting-edge technologies like satellite-based communication systems, ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast), and data link systems.

These systems should be capable of transmitting and receiving large volumes of data securely and seamlessly. Additionally, airlines and aviation companies need to ensure proper training and familiarization of their personnel with these systems to maximize their effectiveness and utilization in day-to-day operations.

Learn more about aviation

brainly.com/question/30542185

#SPJ11

Circuit Breakers or Fuses:  A circuit breaker is a switching device in a circuit that interrupts an irregular flow of current.

It uses an internal system of bounds or compact air to sense any changes in the current flow. It will 'break' the circuit open and cut the flow of current.

The breakers or switches handle the electricity. If too many devices on the same circuit are employed at the same time, an overload may occur. If there is an overload of electricity in any of the courses of the home, the breaker will open the course to stop the flow of electricity.

Hand switches are actuated by human touch. Limit controls are actuated by machine motion.

To learn more about Circuit Breakers, refer

https://brainly.com/question/28021068

#SPJ4

To find the value of the average signal power required for a power outage probability of 0.01 for a threshold of p0 = -80dBm, we need to use the Rayleigh fading model, which describes the statistical distribution of signal strength in a wireless communication channel.

The Rayleigh fading model assumes that the magnitude of the received signal power follows a Rayleigh distribution, which is a continuous probability distribution with a scale parameter σ. The probability density function of the Rayleigh distribution is given by:

f(x) = (x/σ^2) * exp(-x^2/(2σ^2))

where x is the signal power, and σ is the scale parameter, which is related to the average signal power P as follows:

σ = sqrt(P/2)

The power outage probability for a given threshold p0 is given by:

Pout = exp(-2*(p0/P))

where Pout is the power outage probability.

To learn more about probability click the link below:

brainly.com/question/15729490

#SPJ11

The bronze C86100 pipe's maximum shear stress with an outer diameter of 1. 5 in. is around 16.98 psi.

To find the maximum shear stress in the pipe, use the formula:

τ = F / (2A)

where τ = shear stress, F = applied force, and A = area on which the force is acting.

Assume that the force is evenly distributed around the circumference of the pipe, so the area on which it is acting is equal to the circumference times the thickness:

A = πD t

where D = outer diameter and t = thickness.

Substituting the given values:

D = 1.5 in

t = 0.125 in

F = 20 lb

A = πD t = π(1.5)(0.125) = 0.589 in²

Therefore, the maximum shear stress is:

τ = F / (2A) = 20 / (2 × 0.589) = 16.98 psi

So the maximum shear stress in the pipe is approximately 16.98 psi.

Find out more on shear stress here: https://brainly.com/question/20630976

#SPJ4

Answer:

The main distinction between the Iron Age and the Bronze Age is that during the Iron Age, iron was discovered and refined, allowing for the production of lighter and stronger metal tools. This enabled major advances in agriculture, animal domestication, and the overall development of societies, as people were able to settle in agricultural communities more permanently.

Explanation:

Answer:

A) Discovery and refinement of metals was revolutionary.

Explanation:

A process of 72,766 bytes will require 35 pages and an additional 1,086 bytes because a page is 2,048 bytes. It will get 36 frames, which means that 2,048 - 1,086 = 962 bytes will be internally fragmented. A process would require 11 pages + 1 byte in the worst-case scenario.

The distance between the farthest two points in a single fragment that has been removed from the clustering results can be used to determine the size of the fragment.

The resolution (the picture width times the image height) times the bit depth can be used to calculate file size (the number of bits needed to store colours).

To know more about bytes visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/2280218

#SPJ4

Dropping an electrical appliance into water, making it a foreign conductor, causes a: D. short circuit.

Conduction can be defined as a process which involves the transfer of electrical charge from one point to another in an electrical circuit, especially due to the movement of particles (electrons).

This ultimately implies that, when the conduction relates to electrical charge, it is referred to as electrical conduction.

In Electrical engineering, a short usually causes an electrical circuit protection device such as a fuse, circuit breaker, etc., to open when higher than normal current flows through the electrical circuit.

In this context, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that a short circuit would occur when an electrical appliance is dropped into water.

Read more on short circuit here: brainly.com/question/25018411

#SPJ1

Complete Question:

Dropping An electrical appliance into water, making it a foreign conductor, causes a(n) A)overload. B)open circuit. C)closed circuit. D)short circuit.

Answer:

D. Fire clay bricks

Explanation:

Just like in the steel mills with the big furnaces that's what causes all the smoke to come out of the stacks

Answer:

d is correct

Explanation:

Answer:

D. Collects radiation reflected from Earth.

Explanation:

The region of convergence corresponding to G(s) will be To = -1 and A = 1

Based on the information given, it should be noted that the value when we evaluate X(s) and specify its region of convergence will be:

X(s( = e^(5 + 5)/(5+5)

= -5.

The region where the function exists in the transfer function's pole/zero plot is known as the Region of Convergence. We prefer to deal with rational functions for the purpose of practical filter design, which may be defined by two polynomials, one for identifying the poles and the other for calculating the zeros, respectively.

The values of the finite numbers A and to such that the Laplace transform G(s) of g(t) = Ae-51 u(-t-to) has the same algebraic form as X(s) will be - 1 and the region of convergence corresponding to G(s) is 1.

Therefore based on the information, the region of convergence corresponding to G(s) will be To = -1 and A = 1.

Learn more about convergence on:

brainly.com/question/1521191

#SPJ1

The local acceleration at A-A is -2.5 m/s² The velocity varies with time at section A-A as V = 5 m/s – 2.55- t/t_0 m/s 10Here, V = 5 - 2.55 t/t_0, t_0 = 0.5 s (Given)Let's find the velocity gradient in the s direction in order to calculate the local acceleration.

Given, the velocity gradient in the s direction is +2 m/s per meter. Thus, ∂v/∂s = 2 m/s/m = 2/s …(1)∂v/∂s = - (2.55/t_0) …(2)From equations (1) and (2), - (2.55/t_0) = 2/s⇒ t_0 = - 2 × s/2.55 …(3)Substituting the value of t_0 in equation (2),∂v/∂s = - (2.55/(-2s/2.55)) = 2 m/s/m We have the local acceleration as, a = - (∂v/∂s) = -2 m/s²b.

Convective acceleration can be found using the formula, a c = V dv/ds = V (∂v/∂s)Here, V = 5 - 2.55 t/t_0, t_0 = 0.5 s, and (∂v/∂s) = -2 m/s/mAt time t = 0.50 s, V = 5 - 2.55 × 0.5/0.5 = 2 m/s Also, we know that (∂v/∂s) = -2 m/s/m Thus, the convective acceleration can be calculated as,a_c = V (∂v/∂s)= 2 × (-2)= -4 m/s²We know that the direction of convective acceleration is negative.

To know more about velocity visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/33224750

#SPJ11

The correct codeword transmitted is [0 1 0 1 1 0].

To calculate the syndrome vector, we duplicate the gotten vector, r, by the transpose of the equality check lattice, H. The disorder vector, S, is gotten by taking the modulo 2 entirety of the coming about vector. Let's perform the calculations:

H^T = [11 1 1]

[ 1 1 1 0]

[ 1 1 1 0]

r = [0 1 1 1 0]

Duplicating r by H^T:

r * H^T = [0 1 1 1 0] * [11 1 1] = [0 1 1 1]

Taking modulo 2 whole:

S = [0 1 1 1] % 2 = [0 1 1 1]

Presently, we have the disorder vector S = [0 1 1 1].

To discover the proper codeword transmitted, we got to discover the error design comparing to the disorder vector. Looking at the equality check matrix, we will see that the moment and third columns have a non-zero passage within the moment and third columns, individually. Subsequently, there are blunders within the moment and third positions of the gotten vector.

To rectify the blunders, we flip the bits at the positions demonstrated by the non-zero sections within the disorder vector:

Flipping the moment and third positions:

[0 1 1 1 0] -> [0 1 1 1 0]

In this manner, the proper codeword transmitted is [0 1 1 1 0].

Learn more about syndrome vector here: https://brainly.com/question/31767430

#SPJ4