Answer:
The phrase was "iron curtain"
He was describing how Eastern Europe was controlled almost entirely by the Soviet Union.
BRAINLIEST FOR THE CORRECCT ANSWERS!!!!!! How does the rule of law affect society? Check all that apply.
A. It influences people’s behaviors and attitudes.
B. It always prevents lawmakers from abusing power.
C. It ensures the separation of powers.
D. It governs how policies are created.
E. It ensures that the law applies to lawmakers.
The correct options are:
A. It influences people’s behaviors and attitudes.
C. It ensures the separation of powers.
E. It ensures that the law applies to lawmakers.
Explanation:
The rule of law refers to the idea that everyone is equal under the law and that no one is above it. It helps to promote fairness and justice in society by providing a framework for resolving disputes and holding people accountable for their actions.
Here are the options that correctly describe how the rule of law affects society:
A. It influences people’s behaviors and attitudes. - The rule of law sets a standard for how people should behave and encourages them to follow the law to avoid consequences.
C. It ensures the separation of powers. - The rule of law helps to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful by ensuring that each branch has its responsibilities and limitations.
E. It ensures that the law applies to lawmakers. - The rule of law requires that lawmakers follow the same laws as everyone else, preventing them from abusing their power and ensuring that they are held accountable for their actions.
Option B is incorrect because the rule of law does not always prevent lawmakers from abusing their power. It helps to prevent abuse of power, but it is not foolproof.
Option D is also incorrect because the rule of law governs how laws are enforced, not how policies are created.
Hence, the answers are A, C, and E
GIVING 100 points!
When did Canada begin to gain independence from Great Britain?A. After the Louisiana Purchase © B. After the American Revolution C. After the French and Indian War D. After World War I
Answer:
The colony of Canada was a French colony within the larger territory of New France. It was claimed by France in 1535 during the second voyage of Jacques Cartier, in the name of the French king, Francis I. The colony remained a French territory until 1763, when it became a British colony known as the Province of Quebec.
Explanation:
The Southern States did not
like tariffs (taxes on imported
products) or internal
improvements because _______
A. they did not need imported products
B. they had to pay more for imported
products
C. they were old-fashioned in their beliefs
Answer:
B I think because the Southern States were not very wealthy.
Name a concept from the Roman Republic that exists in the structure of the government of the United States today.
Answer: Democracy
Explanation: The roman republic ran there government as a democracy, which is one thing that the united states is still doing to this day.
Assessment Directions
Steps:
Find three examples of the influence of the Renaissance around you. You can take pictures, draw them yourself, or find them online. Include one item from each category:Then, explain in 2 to 3 sentences why you think each item is a good example of Renaissance influence. You will have at least 6 to 9 sentences in total.
Art
Literature/Writing
Science/Technology
Create a presentation that showcases your findings. Your presentation can be in a word processing document, slideshow, or other format. You can be creative! Just be sure to include:
three images of the influence of the Renaissance around you
at least one image each for art, literature/writing, and science/technology
a 2- to 3-sentence explanation for each item about how it shows Renaissance influence
However, I can still provide you with the required information and explanations for each item. Please find below the examples and their corresponding explanations:
Art:
Example: The Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci.
Explanation: The Mona Lisa is a quintessential example of Renaissance art due to its realistic depiction of the human form, the use of chiaroscuro (contrasting light and shadow), and the incorporation of atmospheric perspective. These artistic techniques were highly characteristic of the Renaissance period.
Literature/Writing:
Example: "The Divine Comedy" by Dante Alighieri.
Explanation: "The Divine Comedy" is a monumental piece of literature from the Renaissance era. It reflects the intellectual and cultural shift during that time, incorporating classical themes, allegory, and the exploration of human emotions and spirituality. It showcases the Renaissance emphasis on individualism, humanism, and the revival of classical literature.
Science/Technology:
Example: Printing Press by Johannes Gutenberg.
Explanation: The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century revolutionized the dissemination of knowledge and played a crucial role in the spread of Renaissance ideas. It made books more accessible and affordable, leading to an increase in literacy rates and the sharing of scientific and technological discoveries.
Please note that you can find images of these examples online to create your presentation.
How were Two ways colonies restricted the right to vote?
The 7 year war was taking place in different parts of _____.
A South America and Africa
B Australia and Asia
C Europe and North America
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
C Europe and North America , because it was about the conflict between France and Britain on the Ohio River Valley
Answer: C
Explanation: The seven year war was a war with america, britain, and france.
THE BEST QUESTION YOU WILL EVER ANSWER!
Read the passage.
The Master said, "The ruler should employ the ministers according to ritual; the ministers should serve the ruler with loyalty.”
–The Analects, Confucius
Which Chinese cultural value does the passage express?
social order
moral goodness
family responsibility
community identity
Answer:
I'm pretty sure its social order (A)
Explanation:
Hope this helps you!
Have a good day!
REMEMBER: You are AWESOME!
Answer:
social order
Explanation:
Which of the following was not an affect of industrialization and mechanization
How are the Rise of Civilizations and Belief Systems similar? Be sure to
• introduce your writing with broad categorizations that will organize the rest of your work.
• define and explain each theme you chose.
• include a header or title for your writing.
• address if these themes cause or affect each other.
• develop your work with relevant facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.
• use appropriate transitions like “however” and “for instance” to create cohesion and clarify relationships among ideas and concepts.
• use precise language and vocabulary from the lesson to explain your claim.
• establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone.
• provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports your argument.
The Interplay between the Rise of Civilizations and Belief Systems:
The rise of civilizations and the development of belief systems are two intertwined phenomena that have shaped human history. Civilizations represent complex societies characterized by advancements in social, political, and economic organization, while belief systems encompass the spiritual, philosophical, and religious frameworks that guide people's thoughts, behaviors, and values.Similarities between the Rise of Civilizations and Belief Systems : Societal Organization: Both the rise of civilizations and the development of belief systems involve the establishment of societal structures and hierarchies. Civilizations require organized governance, economic systems, and social classes to function effectively. Similarly, belief systems often provide guidelines for societal order, moral principles, and codes of conduct.Cultural Identity: Both phenomena contribute to the formation of cultural identity. Civilizations cultivate distinctive traditions, languages, art, and literature that shape their cultural heritage. Belief systems, on the other hand, influence cultural practices, rituals, and values, providing a sense of identity and cohesion within a society.The rise of civilizations and the development of belief systems mutually influence each other. Belief systems can shape the trajectory of a civilization by influencing its laws, moral codes, and social norms. For instance, ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia and Egypt were deeply influenced by their polytheistic religions, which guided their political structures and societal practices.Conversely, the rise of civilizations can also impact the development and dissemination of belief systems. As societies become more complex and interconnected, the exchange of ideas and beliefs becomes possible through trade, conquest, or cultural diffusion. This can lead to the spread and adaptation of belief systems across different civilizations, as seen in the diffusion of Buddhism from India to various parts of Asia.The rise of civilizations and the development of belief systems are intricately linked, with each influencing and shaping the other. While civilizations provide the infrastructure and societal framework for belief systems to flourish, belief systems provide moral guidance, cultural identity, and social cohesion within civilizations. This dynamic interplay between the two has been a significant force in human history, contributing to the diversity of civilizations and the evolution of belief systems throughout time.For more such questions on Interplay
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Answer:
Explanation:
The Interplay between the Rise of Civilizations and Belief Systems:
The rise of civilizations and the development of belief systems are two intertwined phenomena that have shaped human history. Civilizations represent complex societies characterized by advancements in social, political, and economic organization, while belief systems encompass the spiritual, philosophical, and religious frameworks that guide people's thoughts, behaviors, and values.
Similarities between the Rise of Civilizations and Belief Systems : Societal Organization: Both the rise of civilizations and the development of belief systems involve the establishment of societal structures and hierarchies. Civilizations require organized governance, economic systems, and social classes to function effectively. Similarly, belief systems often provide guidelines for societal order, moral principles, and codes of conduct.
Cultural Identity: Both phenomena contribute to the formation of cultural identity. Civilizations cultivate distinctive traditions, languages, art, and literature that shape their cultural heritage. Belief systems, on the other hand, influence cultural practices, rituals, and values, providing a sense of identity and cohesion within a society.
The rise of civilizations and the development of belief systems mutually influence each other. Belief systems can shape the trajectory of a civilization by influencing its laws, moral codes, and social norms. For instance, ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia and Egypt were deeply influenced by their polytheistic religions, which guided their political structures and societal practices.
Conversely, the rise of civilizations can also impact the development and dissemination of belief systems. As societies become more complex and interconnected, the exchange of ideas and beliefs becomes possible through trade, conquest, or cultural diffusion. This can lead to the spread and adaptation of belief systems across different civilizations, as seen in the diffusion of Buddhism from India to various parts of Asia.
The rise of civilizations and the development of belief systems are intricately linked, with each influencing and shaping the other. While civilizations provide the infrastructure and societal framework for belief systems to flourish, belief systems provide moral guidance, cultural identity, and social cohesion within civilizations. This dynamic interplay between the two has been a significant force in human history, contributing to the diversity of civilizations and the evolution of belief systems throughout time.
In the lesson, you read about the causes of the Great Depression and how the U.S. government reacted to it. You also saw how Americans were affected by these hard times.
Write three paragraphs explaining the causes and effects of the Great Depression and reflecting on the experience of those who lived during this time.
Your well-developed response should thoroughly address each of the following in one paragraph:
the causes of the Great Depression and how people were affected by it
the response by the Hoover administration to the distress
As you write your third paragraph, look at the photograph shown on this screen. It was taken by Dorothea Lange of two families on the side of a highway in Bakersfield, California in 1935.Explain how the photograph reflects the experience of those who lived during the Great Depression. Be sure to make connections between what you have learned in the lesson and specific details in the photograph.
Answer:
In 1929 the Great Depression started because of the great New York Stock Exchange was crashing and in the 1930s unemployment and businesses started to crash. Without the New York Stock Exchange, happening money was not coming in and that resulted in people not being able to buy anything. With people not buying anything that then leads to a jurassic effect on everything. No stock exchange, no money, no money, no spending, no spending, no businesses, no businesses, no economy. The worst part was that the people of this time and the government didn't have much time to fix this or help at all, since this all happened in a span of 10 weeks. Every one out of four americans had to pick up and leave because of jobs being loss, housing being taken, and bussinesses and food disappering.
During the Great Depression President Franklin Roosevelt came up with "The New Deal". Once he came up with the 'New Deal' program and it was approved by congress, the 'New Deal' which provided $41.7 billion in funding for domestic programs like work relief for unemployed workers. The 'New Deal' program would help those who lost jobs, homes and everything else. This program was to help people who had nothing left and needed help to support themselves and their familes. As federal money was pouring into the recovery and relief efforts of the 1930s, GAO’s (Government Accountability Office's) workload increased. With about 1,700 employees at the time, GAO soon found itself shorthanded and needed to hire more employees to process paperwork, such as vouchers. By 1939, our workforce nearly tripled to 5,000.
In this photo is shows that all they have is what they can carry and fit in there cars. They are going on the road to possibly find jobs and a "better place" even though it is the same accross the whole country. These two familes probably didn't have much in the first place, and once the Great Depression happened it took what they had and cut it in half or more. So now those familes only have a quarter of what they had before. Before the Great Depression people would struggle but not like how they were in the 1930s. Once the Stocks crashed and didn't have the same value to any value they were completely wipped out of money, resources and everything that made a community and economy run. People could hardly provide food let alone a house, a car, clothes shoes, and other basic needs for a person and a family.
Was the Mexican-American War, a just war? Why or why not? ( 2 paragraphs)
25 points answer quickly please!!
Answer: it was a territory dispute
Explanation: From 1846 to 1848, U.S. and Mexican troops fought against one another in the Mexican-American War. Ultimately, it was a battle for land where Mexico was fighting to keep what they thought was their property and the U.S. desired to retain the disputed land of Texas and obtain more of Mexico's northern lands.
Answer:
i hope this helps
Explanation:
From 1846 to 1848, U.S. and Mexican troops fought against one another in the Mexican-American War. Ultimately, it was a battle for land where Mexico was fighting to keep what they thought was their property and the U.S. desired to retain the disputed land of Texas and obtain more of Mexico's northern lands .The immediate cause of the Mexican-American War was a disputed boundary between the United States and Texas on the Nueces Strip. Mexico did not recognize Texas as legitimate American territory and Texas admission to the United States antagonized Mexican officials and citizens.
On May 13, 1846, the United States Congress declared war on Mexico after a request from President James K. Polk. The treaty effectively halved the size of Mexico and doubled the territory of the United States. This territorial exchange had long-term effects on both nations. The war and treaty extended the United States to the Pacific Ocean, and provided a bounty of ports, minerals, and natural resources for a growing country It stemmed from the annexation of the Republic of Texas by the U.S. in 1845 and from a dispute over whether Texas ended at the Nueces River (the Mexican claim) or the Rio Grande (the U.S. claim).
The Gold Rush caused towns to expand. These towns built along the path of the Gold Rush were called what?
Boomtowns
Settler towns
Ghost towns
Do you think Sir James Douglas was a hero or a villain? Why?
Answer: I think was a hero
Explanation: he was the first governor of British Colombia
In one to two sentences, explain how technological advances changed how people lived and worked during the Second Industrial Revolution.(2 points)
Technological advances during the Second Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in how people lived and worked.
The introduction of electricity, the expansion of railroads, and the development of machinery revolutionized industries and improved transportation and communication.
These advancements led to the rise of factory systems, mass production, and urbanization. People migrated from rural areas to cities in search of employment opportunities in factories.
The use of machinery increased efficiency and productivity, but also led to concerns about labor conditions and job displacement. Overall, the technological advances of the Second Industrial Revolution transformed societies, reshaping work patterns, urban landscapes, and social dynamics.
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Under George Washington’s administration, Cabinet members had different opinions on most matters.
Alexander Hamilton, the secretary of treasury, wanted to focus on______ . However, Thomas Jefferson aimed at developing______ .
Answer:
Alexander Hamilton, the secretary of treasury, wanted to focus on manufacture and trade.
However, Thomas Jefferson aimed at developing trade and agriculture.
Explanation:
Material things—how they are created, distributed, exchanged, and consumed—are the subject of economics.
Public administration, on the other hand, is concerned with the management of human concerns in society.
While the economy may stay neutral between contrary opinions, public administration cannot.
The correct answers are manufacturing and trade and trade and agriculture.
Basically, George Washington’s administration focused on the primary sector or the backbone of the economy. The economy-focused o the agriculture sector and the growth of production in the form of crops in the economy.
Then the next was the manufacturing and trade as all the raw materials for the production were to be available from the primary sector only and there was the need to improve and develop it to boost up the secondary sector.
Therefore the correct answer is manufacturing and trade and agriculture.
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what is 1/3 divided by 4? will give brainlest if correct!
Answer:
1.333333333333(infinate)
Explanation:
web dubois important events
Answer:
Many
Explanation:
1.) W.E.B Du Bois was the first African American to receive a ph.D from Harvard University in 1895.
2.) He co-founded the NAACP (a civil rights organization) in 1909.
3.) He wrote "The Souls of Black Folk"
4.) He was a professor of history, sociology, and economics at the Atlanta University.
5.) He ran for U.S. senate as the Progressive Party's candidate but lost in 1950.
6.) He died a day before Martin Luther King Jr. Speech.
Answer:
Du Bois was already well known as one of the foremost Black intellectuals of his era. The first Black American to earn a PhD from Harvard University, Du Bois published widely before becoming NAACP's director of publicity and research and starting the organization's official journal, The Crisis, in 1910.
MATCH THESE ITEMS PLEASE
Answer:
1. Rev. John smith - martyr
2. Aluminum - bauxite
3.Netherland - Tropical Diseases
4. El dorado -Chief of Gold
5. Devils Island -prison
6. Cayenne pepper - Spice
7. American Orange Juice - Suriname Citrus
8. Queen - Pasteur Institue
9. Carib Indians - Cannibals
10. Daniel Defoe - Robin Crusoe
I don't know for sure if this is all right but I hope its right I worked really hard finding these answers lol:)
1. Rev- John Smith - Robinson Crusoe
2. aluminum - bauxite
3. studied tropical disease - Pasteur Institute
4. chief of gold - El Dorado
5. French prison - Devil's Island
6. Cayenne pepper - Suriname citrus
7. American orange juice - Suriname citrus
8. Queen - Netherlands
9. Carib Indians - cannibals
10. Daniel Defoe - Robinson Crusoe.
What is the common thread that runs through all the terms above ?Note that the common thread that runs through all the terms above is their association with South America and its historical and cultural aspects.
The terms encompass various elements related to the region, such as its geography (El Dorado), historical figures (Rev- John Smith, Queen), indigenous populations (Carib Indians), colonial history (French prison, Devil's Island), resources (aluminum, bauxite), and literary works (Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoe).
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Describe the role of the Delian League in the creation of the Athenian empire.
The Delian League (or Athenian League) was an alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens and formed in 478 BCE to liberate eastern Greek cities from Persian rule and as a defense to possible revenge attacks from Persia following the Greek victories at Marathon, Salamis, and Plataea in the early 5th century BCE
The Delian League had a role. It's role was to keep the city-state to a make bigger empire with more soldiers to have enough to fight wars. In 431 BC, Sparta and other city-states joined forces against Athens to fight this war.
Answer:
The Delain League or Athenian League was an alliance of of Greek city-states led by Athens and then and formed and 478 BCE to liberate Western Greek City from Persia Rule and as a defence to possible Revenge attacks from Persia Greek victory at Marathon tell me and Polly in the earth 5th Century BCE.
BRAINLIEST if correct
on Joan of Arc in the Hundred Years war, create a Counter-Argument based your initial claim.
For your Counter-Argument, please be sure to include at least two reasons, text evidence, and explanation(s) of text evidence.
Your viewpoint should be at least 7-10 sentences in total.
Match each word to the phrase that describes or defines it.
1.
sanatorium
2.
paltry
3.
scrumptious
4.
transgressors
5.
fortify
a.
to make strong or build up
b.
very delicious
c.
those who violate the law
d.
a hospital that treats deadly diseases
e.
ridiculously unimportant
Aryan Impact on India I have 2 days to get this done if I don't get it done it will screw my grade. Anyways i have to Create a slide-show presentation showing the impact the ancient Aryans have had on the culture and society of India over time? Its perty long but can you give me a helping had with what i have to do. Thanks to anyone that wants to help me and can someone show the work
Here are the key points you could include in your slide-show presentation on the impact of ancient Aryans on India's culture and society:
Slide 1: Introduction
Briefly explain who the ancient Aryans were, where they came from, and when they entered India
Slide 2: Impact on Language
Discuss the Aryan language Sanskrit and its role in shaping the classical Indian language
Mention how Sanskrit influenced various regional languages in India
Slide 3: Impact on Religion
Discuss the introduction of the Vedic religion and its impact on Indian religion and spirituality
Mention the creation of the Vedas, Upanishads, and the Bhagavad Gita
Explain how Hinduism developed from Vedic religion
Slide 4: Impact on Society
Discuss the caste system and how it shaped Indian society
Mention the introduction of the varna system and how it impacted social hierarchies
Slide 5: Impact on Architecture and Arts
Explain the influence of Aryan art and architecture on Indian culture
Mention the use of Sanskrit in literature and drama
Explain the role of Aryan patronage in the development of Indian art and architecture
Slide 6: Conclusion
Summarize the key points of the presentation
Emphasize the lasting impact of ancient Aryans on Indian culture and society
Remember to use visuals and images to help illustrate your points. Good luck!
The guiding principles at the heart of Buddhism are called
a.
the Four Noble Truths.
c.
the Rules for Living.
b.
the Truths of Life.
d.
the Enlightened Path.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answer: a
Explanation:
It means “Enlightened One.” Buddhism is built on four guiding principles, called the Four Noble Truths, which also include the Eightfold Path. Buddhists tried to reach this state of peace, which freed the soul from suffering and from the need of reincarnation.
how did Macedonian military power help Philip the 2nd conquer greek city-states please help
Different levels of government collect their taxes in different ways. For example, the federal government uses income taxes and other national taxes. Which of the following lists indicates ways that municipal governments collect revenue?
A- property tax, state taxes, teacher salaries
B- income tax, international taxes
C- property taxes, traffic fines, city fees
D- building parks, managing schools
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Answer:
The three main sources of federal tax revenue are individual income taxes, payroll taxes, and corporate income taxes. Other sources of tax revenue include excise taxes, the estate tax, and other taxes and fees
Explanation:
The three main sources of federal tax revenue are individual income taxes, payroll taxes, and corporate income taxes. Other sources of tax revenue include excise taxes, the estate tax, and other taxes and fees
1. How has Geography impact world history?
2. How have disagreements over borders, resources, or territory impacted history?
Answer:
1- Geography has affected world history because we have been able to make maps, and explore new territories and cultures because of these maps.
2- Because of disagreements there have been many wars which can eventually lead to a country claiming other countries as a part of their territory, but can also lead to the original country losing land perhaps even more than they had already lost when the disagreement first started.
Read the information on New York Times v. Sullivan (1964). Be sure to select "Read More" to learn more. New York Times v. Sullivan states that the First Amendment protects all speech about public officials, except lies told with the intent to defame. Lying with intent to defame means lying about someone with the goal of causing that person harm or damaging their reputation. Why do you think this protection for public officials is important?
Protecting them is essential because they are innocent people trying to do their jobs.
This protection for public officials is important as It safeguards individuals' fundamental rights of faith. Americans are protected by the First Amendment from being forced to support a particular religion or to practice their religion.
What is the objective of the First Amendment?The First Amendment's provision of free speech is intended to prevent Congress from limiting press freedoms or people's ability to communicate their views.
It prohibits Congress from endorsing one religion above others and from limiting a person's ability to practice their religion. Additionally, it protects citizens' rights to peacefully assemble and protest their government.
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prepare a list of each event that happened during the medieval era, from the beginning of Christianity till feudalism
ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST PLS FASTTT
Answer:
The answer is in the explanation
Explanation:
The beginning and spread of Christianity
Jesus Christ
The Crucifixion
The Early Church
Barbarian invasion
The Power Of Church
The Churches power over the rulers
Excommunicatiom
The Pope In The Middle Ages
Charlemange and the Holy Roman Empire
The Church In The Lives Of The People
Monasteries
The Middle Ages
The Feudal System
Easy there we go!!
I swear on everything somebody please help me I'll give you brain list I promise!!!
I need to know everything about Egypt for my test
Answer:
Explanation:Egypt is a country located in northeastern Africa and southwestern Asia. It has a rich and fascinating history that spans over 5000 years. Here are some key points about Egypt's history:
1. Ancient Egypt: The civilization of Ancient Egypt emerged around 3100 BC and lasted until 30 BC when it was conquered by Rome. It is known for its impressive monuments like the Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, and the Temple of Karnak. The Egyptians were also famous for their hieroglyphic writing system, which is one of the oldest in the world.
2. Pharaohs: The Ancient Egyptians were ruled by a series of pharaohs, who were considered to be divine kings. Some of the most famous pharaohs include King Tutankhamun, Ramses II, and Cleopatra.
3. Religion: The Ancient Egyptians had a complex polytheistic religion that included many gods and goddesses. They believed in an afterlife and spent a great deal of time and resources preparing for it.
4. Greek and Roman Rule: After the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great in 332 BC, Egypt came under Greek rule. Later, it was conquered by Rome in 30 BC and became a Roman province.
5. Islamic Conquest: In 641 AD, Arab Muslims conquered Egypt and brought Islam to the region. Egypt became a center of Islamic learning and scholarship.
6. Ottoman Rule: Egypt was ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1517 to 1798 when Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt. The French occupation was brief, and Egypt was returned to Ottoman rule.
7. British Occupation: In 1882, Egypt was occupied by British forces and remained under British rule until 1952 when it gained independence.
8. Modern Egypt: Since gaining independence, Egypt has had a turbulent history marked by political instability, economic challenges, and social unrest. Despite these challenges, Egypt remains an important cultural and historical center in the world.
These are just a few key points about Egypt's history. There is much more to learn about this fascinating country and its rich heritage.
Answer:
Hie..! Here's the answer
Egypt, country located in the northeastern corner of Africa. Egypt’s heartland, the Nile River valley and delta, was the home of one of the principal civilizations of the ancient Middle East and, like Mesopotamia farther east, was the site of one of the world’s earliest urban and literate societies. Pharaonic Egypt thrived for some 3,000 years through a series of native dynasties that were interspersed with brief periods of foreign rule. After Alexander the Great conquered the region in 323 BCE, urban Egypt became an integral part of the Hellenistic world. Under the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty, an advanced literate society thrived in the city of Alexandria, but what is now Egypt was conquered by the Romans in 30 BCE. It remained part of the Roman Republic and Empire and then part of Rome’s successor state, the Byzantine Empire, until its conquest by Arab Muslim armies in 639–642 CE.
Until the Muslim conquest, great continuity had typified Egyptian rural life. Despite the incongruent ethnicity of successive ruling groups and the cosmopolitan nature of Egypt’s larger urban centres, the language and culture of the rural, agrarian masses—whose lives were largely measured by the annual rise and fall of the Nile River, with its annual inundation—had changed only marginally throughout the centuries. Following the conquests, both urban and rural culture began to adopt elements of Arab culture, and an Arabic vernacular eventually replaced the Egyptian language as the common means of spoken discourse. Moreover, since that time, Egypt’s history has been part of the broader Islamic world, and though Egyptians continued to be ruled by foreign elite—whether Arab, Kurdish, Circassian, or Turkish—the country’s cultural milieu remained predominantly Arab.
Hope it helped uh!!
Thanks ✨