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notes of diffusion​

Answer:

concave lens is called a diverging lens as it diverges the light as it thicker at the edges and has a small depression in its centre and if it will be thicker in the middle than at the edges it will converge the light so as concave lens have a small depression in its centre so it refracts or diverges the light.

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Explanation:

Metallic bonds hold metal atoms and freely moving valence electrons together, while Van der Waals forces hold nonpolar molecules together. OD. Metallic bonds hold metal atoms and freely moving valence electrons together while Van der Waals forces hold atoms together when they share valence electrons.

The primary current of transformer is 9A, the secondary voltage is 63.75 V and the output power at 85% efficiency is 650.25 VA.

(a) Turns of primary coil (N₁) = 400

Turns of secondary coil (N₂) = 300

Current on secondary coil (I₂) = 12 A

Current on primary coil (I₁) =

= using transformer equation,

= N₁ × I₁ = N₂ × I₂

= I₁ = (300 ×12) / 400

=  I₁ = 9 A

(b) Voltage of primary coil (V₁) = 85 V

Current on secondary coil (I₂) = 12 A

Power on primary coil (P₁) =

= P₁ = V₁ × I₁

= P₁  = 85 × 9

= P₁ = 765 VA

However, if the efficiency of the transformer is 85% then,

= 85 = (P₂ / P₁ ) × 100

= 0.85 × 765 = P₂

= P₂ = 650.25 VA

(c) Voltage of primary coil (V₁) = 85 V

Current on secondary coil (I₂) = 12 A

Current on primary coil (I₁) = 9 A

Voltage on secondary coil (V₂) =

= using transformer equation,

= I₁ × V₁ = N₂ × I₂

= V₂ = (85 × 9) / 12

= V₂ = 63.75 V

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Answer: i got you

Explanation:

In Case A, when a baseball pitched at 40 m/s collides with a catcher's mitt and is brought to a stop, the collision is considered inelastic because the catcher holds the mitt rather rigidly and retracts backwards very little as the ball strikes the mitt. As a result, the majority of the kinetic energy of the baseball is converted into thermal energy and the baseball is deformed. The catcher's mitt also experiences some deformation, but the energy absorbed by the mitt is relatively less than the energy absorbed by the baseball.

In Case B, when an identical baseball pitched at 40 m/s collides with a catcher's mitt and is brought to a stop, the collision is considered elastic because the catcher holds the mitt with a relaxed arm and retracts backwards 30 cm as the ball strikes the mitt. The kinetic energy of the baseball is converted into elastic potential energy in the mitt and the baseball does not experience significant deformation. The mitt also does not experience significant deformation.

In summary, when a baseball is caught with a rigid mitt, the collision is inelastic and the baseball is deformed, while when a baseball is caught with a relaxed mitt, the collision is elastic and the baseball does not experience significant deformation.

Answer:

59, 720 Joules

Explanation:

\(q = mc(t2 - t1) + m(lf) + mc(t2 - t1)\)

first term=ice to 0 degrees

second term=water to ice

third term-water to 30 degrees

\(q = 0.12 \times 2100 \times 20 + 0.12 \times 3.36 \times {10}^{5} + 0.12 \times 4200 \times 30\)

\(q = 59720 \: joules\)

The characteristics of the capacitors can be found answer of which is the most important precaution before connecting a capacitor is:

A capacitor in a computer that consists of metallic plates with an electrical charge in them, the main function of a capacitor is to store energy.

As a capacitor is an energy storage system, it has a charge Q on each plate, so it must be used with caution among the main measures we have.

In conclusion with the characteristics of the capacitors we find that the answer is the most important precaution before connecting a capacitor is:

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Adults typically have a resting heart rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute. A lower resting heart rate typically indicates improved cardiovascular fitness and more effective cardiac function.

Depending on the individual, a typical resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. Your heart can pump more blood with each contraction when it is healthy and functioning at a lower resting heart rate since it doesn't have to work as hard to keep a regular beat.

Your heart rate changes throughout the day depending on your degree of activity and your mood. While sleep can lower heart rate, stress and activity can boost it. When sleeping, a typical heart rate is frequently between 40 and 50 beats per minute (bpm),

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Answer:

The ball being thrown straight down.

Explanation:

The downforce and  gravitational pull of the ball going down will give it

a higher velocity compared to the one trown horizontially it will take some time for it to catch downforce speed and reach the same velocity.

Answer:

Temperature change

Explanation:

Answer:

x= 100 m

Explanation:

m= 600 kg

t= 10 s

F= 1200N

v0= 0

-----

F=ma

a=F/m

x= (v0)t + (1/2)(a)(t^2)

x= (1/2)(F/m)(t^2)

x= (1/2)(1200/600)(10^2)

x= 100m

The driver of the fire truck hears a frequency of approximately 475.8 Hz. The frequency that the driver of the fire truck hears can be found using the formula:
f' = (v + vd) / (v + vs) * f

where f is the frequency of the siren, v is the speed of sound in air, vs is the speed of the fire truck, and vd is the speed of the observer (in this case, the driver) relative to the air.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
f' = (343 + 31) / (343 + 0) * 439
f' = 475.8 Hz

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The graph shown in the first option nicely plots the lion's and gazelle's velocities as a function of time, so option A is the correct answer.

Velocity is the rate of change of displacement over time.

As mentioned in the problem of running at a constant speed towards a gazelle with a standing lion as shown above.

So option A is correct.

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if it is horizontal line, that means position is same but time is increasing.

velocity=0 . particle is not even moving

Answer: A skier’s most important piece of equipment is Ski boots.

Explanation: To find the answer, we need to know about the ski boots.

Thus, we can conclude that, a skier's most important equipment is Ski boots.

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Ski boots are a skier's most essential piece of gear.

We must understand the ski boots in order to determine the solution.

So, it stands to reason that ski boots are a skier's most essential piece of gear.

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Answer:

for a cell to produce a current the cell electrodes of the cell must have a potential difference option A is the correct answer

Complete Question

The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image

Answer:

The value of  \(X = 1000 \ N\) and  \(Y = 1400 \ N\)  

Explanation:

Considering the diagram,

   Taking moment about the pivot , we have

           \(X * 1 = 400 * 2.5\)

=>         \(X = 1000 \ N\)

Generally given that the bar is at equilibrium then the upward forces is equal to the down ward force

So

        \(Y = X + 400\)

=>     \(Y = 1000 + 400\)

=>     \(Y = 1400 \ N\)    

The weight of a peanut butter will be same as it is on earth, which means weight will be 12 N.

Weight is nothing but a force of gravity applied on the object.

The amount of force is = mg = W .

where, m = mass of the object and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

In this expression of weight, g depends on mass and radius of planet.

So, g' is the acceleration on another planet

g' = \(\frac{G M}{R^{2} }\)

putting the values, we get

g' = \(\frac{G 4Me}{(2Re)^{2} }\)   =  \(\frac{G 4Me}{4Re^{2} }\)  =  \(\frac{G Me}{Re^{2} }\)  = g (acceleration due to gravity)

Here we see that g' on another planet is same as g which is the acceleration due to gravity.

So weight will be as "mg" , same as on earth.

Hence the weight of a jar of peanut buffer will be 12 n.

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This question discusses circular motion. Circular motion is the motion of an object that forms a circular path around a fixed point. An object moving in a circle needs a force that always deflects it toward the center of the circular path. This force is called the centripetal force.

Horizontal equilibrium T sinθ = m x v²/r

r = D/2 = 10.8/2 = 5.4 m

From the above two equations, mg tanθ = m x v²/r

but from the figure

r = L sinθ + 5.4 m

r = (2.85 x sin38.2 + 5.4)

r = (2.85 x 0.6184 + 5.4) = 7.1 m

So,

v² = g x tanθ x r

v² = 9.8 x tan38.2 x 7.1

v² = 9.8 x 0.78 x 7.1

v  = √54.27

v  = 7.36m/s

The speed of each seat is 7.36m/s.

If a child of mass 36.8 kg sits in a seat:

Tenson T = mv²/r

T = 36.8 x 7.36²/(7.1)

T = 280 N

So, the chain tension is 280 N.

Writing the right questions:

An amusement park ride consists of a rotating circular platform 10.8 m in diameter from which 10 kg seats are suspended at the end of 2.85 m massless chains. When the system rotates, the chains make an angle of 38.2◦ with the vertical. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s.

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The steel ball in Challenge example 11.11 did not reach the full 45 degrees because of the air resistance.

When an object moves through the air, it has to overcome the force of air resistance, which opposes the motion of the object. This force is proportional to the surface area of the object and the speed at which it moves through the air. Therefore, the faster an object moves through the air, the more air resistance it experiences.

In the case of Challenge example 11.11, the steel ball was released at an angle of 45 degrees, but as it moved through the air, it experienced air resistance, which slowed it down. As a result, it did not reach the full 45 degrees and only reached an angle of 19 degrees. This is because the force of air resistance acting on the ball increased as it moved through the air, and this force eventually became greater than the force of gravity acting on the ball.

As a result, the ball slowed down and did not reach the full 45 degrees.

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The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of a system of objects is conserved only when no external force acts on the objects.

The principle of conservation of mechanical energy states that the total mechanical energy of an isolated system (absence of external force) is always constant.

M.A = P.E + K.E

where;

P.E is potential energy

K.E is kinetic energy

Thus, the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of a system of objects is conserved only when no external force acts on the objects.

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Answer:theory

Explanation:

The gravitational force between Venus and the Sun, seperated at the distance of 1.082×10¹¹ m is 5.520×10²² N.

Gravitational force is the attractive force between two bodies. It is applicable to all the bodies have masses and it is called as Universal law of gravitation.

Grarvitational force is the attractive force is directly proportional to the product of two masses and is inversely proportional to the square of distance between them.

F ∝ m₁ × m₂ / d², m₁ and m₂ is the mass of two bodies and d² is the distance between two bodies. The SI unit of mass is kg and SI unit of distance is m. The SI unit of force is newton.

From the gravitational force,

F = G (m₁×m₂ / d²)

G represents gravitational constant and is equal to 6.67× 10⁻¹¹ N.m²/kg².

From the given,

m₁ ( mass of venus ) = 4.87 x 10²⁴kg

m₂ ( mass of sun) = 1.989 x 10³⁰ kg

d² ( distance between sun and venus) = 1.082 x 10¹¹ m.

G = 6.67 ×10⁻¹¹ N.m² / kg²

F = G (m₁×m₂ / d²)

  = 6.67 ×10⁻¹¹ × 4.87 x 10²⁴× 1.989 x 10³⁰ / (1.082 x 10¹¹)²

 = 5.520 × 10²² N

The gravitational force between the venus and sun at the distance of  1.082 x 10¹¹ is 5.520× 10²² N.

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Reflection, refraction, absorption, and change in speed can occur when seismic waves encounter a layer in Earth's interior.

Your question is: Which of the following can occur when seismic waves encounter a layer in Earth's interior?

Your answer: When seismic waves encounter a layer in Earth's interior, reflection, refraction, absorption, and change in speed can occur. Seismic waves can be affected by the properties of the different layers, resulting in these various phenomena.

Reflection occurs when seismic waves encounter a boundary between two materials with different densities, and some of the energy is reflected back towards the surface. Refraction occurs when seismic waves change direction as they pass through a layer with a different density, which causes them to bend.

Absorption occurs when seismic waves lose energy as they pass through a material. The amount of absorption depends on the density and composition of the material.

Finally, seismic waves can experience a change in speed when they pass through a layer with a different density. The speed of seismic waves depends on the density and composition of the material they are passing through.

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It is important to note that the debate between scientific realism and antirealism is ongoing and complex, with various nuances and perspectives within each position. Different philosophers of science and scientists may hold different views on the nature of scientific terms and their relationship to reality.

According to a scientific realist perspective, scientific terms for unobservable phenomena such as "atom" and "black hole" are seen as referring to entities that truly exist in reality. Scientific realists believe that scientific theories and concepts accurately capture aspects of the world, including unobservable entities and phenomena. They argue that scientific theories provide the best explanation of the natural world and aim to describe the underlying structure and mechanisms of reality.

On the other hand, scientific antirealists hold a different view. They argue that scientific terms that refer to unobservable phenomena do not necessarily correspond to something that exists independently in reality. Antirealists often emphasize the instrumentalist view of science, which suggests that scientific theories are simply tools or frameworks that help us organize and predict observable phenomena, without making claims about the ultimate nature of reality.

Antirealists may argue that scientific theories are subject to revision and change over time as new evidence emerges, suggesting that the terms used to describe unobservable phenomena are not fixed and may not have a one-to-one correspondence with actual entities in reality. They may also highlight the role of social and cultural factors in shaping scientific knowledge, suggesting that scientific terms are influenced by human conventions and interpretations.

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Joe frequently considers his goal of learning more about the candidates running for public office in his town. He puts a great deal of effort into finding a variety of media sources providing in-formation about the candidates. Joe is engaging in the process of political socialization,

The lifelong learning process through which individuals acquire their political beliefs, attitudes, and values. By seeking out information about the candidates running for public office in his town, Joe is engaging in active citizenship and fulfilling his civic duty. He is also demonstrating media literacy skills by seeking out a variety of media sources to obtain information, this is important because media bias can affect the way that political information is presented and interpreted.

By seeking out multiple sources, Joe is able to evaluate the information critically and form his own opinion about the candidates. This is essential for a functioning democracy, as informed citizens are better able to participate in the democratic process and hold their elected officials accountable. Overall, Joe's efforts demonstrate the importance of political engagement and the role that individual citizens play in shaping our democracy.

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Answer:

2.3 x 10-13 F

Explanation:

From the question,

Applying

C = e₁e₂A/d..................... Equation 1

Where C = Capacitance of the capacitor, d = distance of seperation, A = cross sectional area of the capacitor, e₁ = permitivity of free space, e₂ = relative permitivity of vacuum.

But,

Area of a circle (A) is given as

A = πr²................... Equation 2

Where r = radius of the capacitor.

Substitute equation 2 into equation 1

C = e₁e₂πr²/d............... Equation 3

Given: r = 2.5 mm = 0.0025 m, d = 0.75 mm = 0.00075 m

Constant; e₁ = 8.85×10⁻¹² F/m, e₂ = 1 F/m, π = 3.14.

Substitute these values into equation 3

C =  [(8.85×10⁻¹²)(1)( 0.0025²)(3.14)]/(0.00075)

C = 0.23×10⁻¹²

C = 2.3×10⁻¹³ F

Answer:

A

Explanation:

edge

An acoustic shadow is produced by a hard reflective surface.

Acoustic shadows occur when sound waves encounter an obstacle or object that reflects or absorbs the sound. When a sound wave encounters a hard reflective surface, such as a wall or large object, it can create an area behind the object where the sound is blocked or reduced, resulting in an acoustic shadow. This phenomenon is similar to how a physical shadow is formed when light encounters an object and is blocked. In the case of sound, the object acts as a barrier, preventing sound waves from reaching certain areas.

The perceiver's head or pinna (outer ear) can influence sound perception and localization, but they do not typically produce an acoustic shadow in the same way as a hard reflective surface. Environmental objects, such as trees or buildings, can create acoustic shadows depending on their size and position in relation to the sound source and the listener. However, the primary producer of an acoustic shadow is a hard reflective surface that obstructs the path of sound waves.

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