chemical analysis shows that the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin is 0.34 percent fe by mass. the actual molar mass of haemoglobin is about 65000g. how many fe atoms are in one molecule of haemoglobin.

Answers

Answer 1

Chemical analysis shows that the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin is 0.34 percent Fe by mass. the actual molar mass of hemoglobin is about 65000g. There are Fe atoms in one molecule of hemoglobin

Hemoglobin efficiently transports oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues. Additionally, it helps in the return of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions to the lungs. For the creation of blood, iron is crucial. Red blood cells and muscle cells contain about 70% of the iron in our bodies. Given the information, we may conclude that:

Mass of Fe in hemoglobin = 0.34% of molar mass of hemoglobin

Mass of Fe in hemoglobin = 0.34% of 65000

                    = (0.34 x 65000) / 100

                    = 221 g/mol

We now understand that the molecular weight of iron (Fe) is 55.85 g/mol.

Therefore, the quantity of iron in hemoglobin divided by the molecular mass of iron gives the amount of iron in 1 mole of hemoglobin.

                                  = 221/55.85

                                  = 3.957, which is approximately equal to ‘4’

In line with this, 1 molecule of hemoglobin has 4 Fe atoms in it.

The right response is hence "4".

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Related Questions

TRUE OR FALSE most all chemicals used in experiments can be discarded into the sink.

Answers

Answer: False
Explanation: Many water systems cannot handle harsh chemicals. When using chemicals be sure to read the safety instructions and proper disposal instructions.





at 4.00 l , an expandable vessel contains 0.864 mol of oxygen gas. how many liters of oxygen gas must be added at constant temperature and pressure if you need a total

Answers

First, we'll look at the ideal gas equation,

PV = nRT

The temperature and pressure are said to be constant; Additionally, R is a constant already. Along these lines, we get:

V = constant * n

The direct proportional equation is as follows: As a result, we get:

V/n = constant

V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂

Replace V₂ with the qualities and address.

V₂ = (4 * 1.48) / 0.864

V₂ = 6.85

In the end, 6.85 Liters of gas must be present, so we must add:

6.85 - 4 = 2.85 liters

The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its mole volume at a fixed temperature and pressure.

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Q- At 4.00 L, an expandable vessel contains 0.864 mol of oxygen gas. How many liters of oxygen gas must be added at constant temperature and pressure if you need a total of 1.48mol of oxygen gas in the vessel?

what color does red represent in the periodic table ​

Answers

Answer:

Gas

Explanation:

Legend primordial element element by radioactive decay Atomic number color: red=gas

i don’t know what it is, help

i dont know what it is, help

Answers

Answer:

C. MEASURING CYLINDER

AND PLS BRAINLIEST I REALLY NEED IT THANKS WUV YOU HAHA

Explanation:

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roughly how long is the entire life cycle of a star like our Sun? Explain how
you worked it out.

Answers

Answer:

Star is a cycles two

Sana maka tolong

devise a synthesis of 1‑bromo‑3‑chlorobenzene starting from benzene.

Answers

To synthesize 1-bromo-3-chlorobenzene starting from benzene, a multi-step process would be required. This process would involve several reactions to introduce the bromo and chloro groups onto the benzene ring.

The first step would be to introduce a nitro group onto the benzene ring via nitration using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The nitro group would then be reduced to an amino group using a reducing agent such as iron and hydrochloric acid.

Next, the amino group would be diazotized using sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid to form a diazonium salt. This diazonium salt would then be coupled with cuprous chloride to form a chlorobenzene ring.

Finally, the chlorobenzene would be further reacted with sodium bromide and hydrobromic acid to replace the chlorine atom with a bromine atom, forming 1-bromo-3-chlorobenzene. Overall, this synthesis would require several steps and careful control of reaction conditions to ensure high yields and purity of the desired product.

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The correct number of atoms of each element present in the formula Cu3(PO4) 2 is:

Answers

1) Write the formula

\(Cu_3(PO_4)_2\)

2) The subscripts show us the number of each atom in the formula. In this case, we also have to make sure to count the parenthesis subscript.

There are

3 Cu

2 P

8 O

what is a mixture of elements and compounds

what is a mixture of elements and compounds

Answers

The substance in the image above would be classified as a mixture of elements (option E).

What is a compound and mixture?

A compound is a substance formed by chemical bonding of two or more elements in definite proportions by weight.

On the other hand, a mixture is made when two or more substances are combined, but they are not combined chemically.

According to this question, an image is shown with two different substances or elements as distinguished by coloration (white and purple). These elements are combined but not chemically bonded, hence, is a mixture.

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how many neutrons does zinc have

Answers

Answer:

The number of protons is 30. Substitute the known values, where N represents the number of neutrons. Let's rewrite the equation as 30+N=65 30 + N = 65 .

Answer:

35 neutrons

Step by step explanation:

Atomic mass of Zinc: 65 amu (atomic mass units)

Number of protons in Zinc: 30

Number of neutrons in Zinc: Atomic mass of Zinc - Number of protons in Zinc = 65-30 = 35 neutrons.

Therefore, zinc atoms have 35 neutrons.

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What characteristic do all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum share?

They have the same wavelength.
They have the same frequency.
They interact in the same way with any matter.
They travel at the same speed through empty space.

Answers

Answer:

I agree with D

Explanation:

Took the test on Edge

The characteristic do all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum share is that they travel at the same speed through empty space. The speed of these waves are the speed of light in vacuum.

What is electromagnetic spectrum?

Electromagnetic spectrum is the arrangement of different types of radiations in the order of their increasing frequency or decreasing wavelength.

The order of the waves in the increasing order of frequency is radio waves, microwaves, infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays, x-rays and gamma rays.

The frequency and wavelength of all these waves are different. However, they travel at the same speed in  empty space equal to the speed we say for the light.

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A sample of Ammonia gas at 650mmHg and 15 degree has a mass of 56.8g.calculate the volume occupied by the gas. Take N=14, H=1,R=8.3145jk.

Answers

Answer:

The first thing we have to do is change and state all the units so that we can use our ideal gas law equation (\(PV = nRT\)).

650 mmHg is a pressure unit, we have to convert this to kiloPascals. We know that 760 mmHg gives us 101 kPa.

\(650 \ mmHg \ * \ \frac{101kPa}{760 mmHg} = 86 \ kPa\)

P = 86kPa

T = 15°C + 273K = 288K

R (Gas constant) = 8.31 kj/mol  

Molar mass of Ammonia (\(NH_{3}\)) = (1 x 3) + (14) = 17g/mol

n (moles) = \(\frac{mass}{molar \ mass}\) \(= \frac{56.8}{17} =\) 3.34 mol

V = ?

Rearrange the equation to solve for Volume:

\(V = \frac{nRT}{P}\)

Substitute the values inside:

V = \(\frac{(3.34)(8.31)(288)}{(86)} = 93 L (rounded)\)

Therefore 93 L of volume is occupied by the ammonia gas.

Students create a model of a watershed in their classroom. The students use red drink powder to represent pollution and sprinkle it at the highest point of the watershed model. The students simulate rainfall by spraying the highest point of the model with water. Which results are most likely to occur?

Answers

Answer:

A colored, flavor drink powder is sprinkled on the model to represent pollution. What observation is likely if the model is sprayed with water to simulate rain

Explain the concept of tradeoff and opportunity cost using an
environmental example.

Answers

The concept of tradeoff and opportunity cost is evident in environmental decisions where individuals or entities must choose between desirable alternatives that compete with one another in a resource-limited environment.

Tradeoff refers to the action of sacrificing one desirable attribute or aspect for another desirable attribute. On the other hand, opportunity cost can be defined as the profit or benefit that an individual or entity loses when selecting one alternative over the other due to limited resources.

A popular environmental example that explains the concept of tradeoff and opportunity cost is an economy that depends on non-renewable energy resources such as coal, oil, and gas to drive industrial processes. In such an economy, if the government or any other stakeholders decide to reduce the consumption of non-renewable energy resources, there will be a tradeoff between environmental benefits and economic growth.

This is because industries require energy to function, and reducing their energy consumption will lead to reduced economic output and job losses. The opportunity cost of switching to renewable energy would be the financial and economic gains that non-renewable energy production offers.

However, this option also involves environmental degradation, and it comes with social and economic risks. Therefore, the government and other stakeholders must consider all the options and the potential impacts before deciding on what action to take.

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1.Give the correct order of apparatus (Evaporating dish, Filter funnel, Test tube, Dropper, Spatula) to show the correct arrangement that can be used to prepare and investigate the nature of pH of a sample of onion solution.

2.Name an apparatus and a chemical used in this experiment.

Answers

Answer:

2 answer

A List of Chemistry Laboratory Apparatus

Safety goggles and safety equipment.

Beakers.

Erlenmeyer flasks, AKA conical flasks.

Florence flasks, AKA boiling flasks.

Test tubes, tongs, and racks.

Watch glasses.

Suppose the cooling described in (c) were continued to 0°C. How many grams of Awould come out of solution? Explain how you obtained your answer.

Answers

Suppose the cooling described in (c) were continued to 0°C. 7.87 grams of A would come out of solution.

This is because the solubility of A decreases as the temperature decreases.

Since the amount of A that is soluble in 100 g of water at 0°C is 5 g, then the amount of A that will come out of solution is the difference between the amount of A initially in solution and the amount that is soluble at 0°C (12.87 g - 5 g = 7.87 g).

Thus, 7.87 g of A will come out of solution when cooling is continued to 0°C.

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if 20.1 grams of an aqueous solution of manganese(ii) chloride, mncl2, contains 2.37 grams of manganese(ii) chloride, what is the percentage by mass of manganese(ii) chloride in the solution?

Answers

The percentage by mass of manganese(ii) chloride in the solution is 11.79 %.

What is mass percentage?

One method to show the concentration of an element in a compound or component in a combination is as a mass percentage.

Mass percentage

= Mass of solute/Mass of solvent .100

= 2.37/20.1*100

= 11.79 %

∴ Mass percentage of MnCl2 = 11.79 %

Therefore, the percentage by mass of manganese(ii) chloride in the solution is 11.79 %.

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Which impact is the greatest negative of a new hydroelectric dam?.

Answers

The negative impact of the hydroelectric dam is local drought and massive flood by dam breakage.

The hydroelectric dam is the local water storage body that is used to convert the energy of the water to electrical energy. The plants are a huge source of electricity.

What is the dam's negative impact?

The dam is prepared in order to collect the local water in the bodies for the production of electricity. The collection of water required a larger force and pressure-bearing ability, thus dams are constructed with high-quality material.

The dams provide hydroelectricity, but the collection of water has been caused by the local drought conditions in the area. The dam breakage leads to massive floods as well.

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Estimado estudiante con tus propias palabras, escribe en tu cuaderno la idea que has construido de evolución.

Answers

Answer:

La evolución es el concepto biológico que indica el proceso de cambio en todas las formas de vida de generación en generación. La evolución se puede definir como el cambio gradual en las poblaciones a través de la herencia de rasgos y rasgos con su variación y selección natural.

Por medio de los genes, un organismo hereda las propiedades hereditarias y, por tanto, las características de sus padres. Las mutaciones (cambios en el genoma) pueden provocar que surjan nuevos rasgos en la descendencia de un organismo. Si un nuevo rasgo ofrece una ventaja a un organismo, este organismo tendrá una mayor probabilidad de supervivencia y de progenie. Este mecanismo se llama selección natural y, como resultado, los rasgos que ofrecen una ventaja se vuelven más comunes en una población. A lo largo de muchas generaciones, una población puede adquirir tantos rasgos nuevos que se convierte en una nueva especie en condiciones adecuadas. Los rasgos que apenas son beneficiosos o neutrales pueden permanecer dentro de las poblaciones porque la selección natural no tiene influencia sobre ellas. Las mutaciones que causan daño desaparecerán rápidamente de las poblaciones a través de la selección natural. La ventaja o desventaja de las propiedades depende de las condiciones de vida.

In the oxydation of sulfur from volcanic activities, how many liters of sulfur is processed if 255 g of oxygen from the air is consumed at 283 K and 4 atm pressure forming sulfur dioxide? *
with solution pls

Answers

Answer:

46.2 L

Explanation:

The equation of the reaction between sulphur and oxygen;

S(s) + O2(g) ------> SO2(g)

Number of moles of oxygen reacted = 255g/32 g/mol = 7.97 moles

Now;

If 1 mole of oxygen reacts with 1 mole of sulphur

7.97 moles of oxygen will also react with 7.97 moles of sulphur

From the ideal gas equation;

PV = nRT

P = 4 atm

T = 283 K

n= 7.97

V= ?

R= 0.082 atm LK-1mol-1

V = nRT/P

V= 7.97 * 0.082 * 283/4

V = 46.2 L

How many valence electrons are there in each of the following elements AND COMPOUNDS
(add up the valence electrons for each atom). Show your addition for the compounds:
18) Ca
19) P
20) Se
21) NH3
22) NF3
23) Al2(CO3)3

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Ca = +2

P = -3

Se = 0

NH3=

N = -3 , H = +1 , H3 = 3 x +1 = +3

-3 + (+3) = 0

NH3 = 0

NF3

N = -3, F = -1 , F3 = 3 x (-1) = -3

-3 + -3 = -6

Al2(CO3)3

CO3

C= +4, O = -2, O3 = 3 x (-2) = -6

CO3 = +4 + (-6) = +4 - 6 = -2

(CO3)3 = 3 x (-2) = -6

Al = +3, Al2 = 2 x (+3) = +6

Al2(CO3)3 = +6 + (-6)= 0

How do you find the molar mass of CaSO4 2H2O?

Answers

To find the molar mass of CaSO₄ 2H₂O, you need to add the atomic masses of all the elements present in the compound. The molar mass of CaSO₄ 2H₂O is 146.24 g/mol.

The molar mass of a substance is the mass of one mole of the substance and is expressed in units of grams per mole (g/mol). To calculate the molar mass of CaSO₄ 2H₂O, you need to know the atomic masses of calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H).

Calcium has an atomic mass of 40.08 g/mol, sulfur has an atomic mass of 32.06 g/mol, oxygen has an atomic mass of 16.00 g/mol, and hydrogen has an atomic mass of 1.01 g/mol. To find the molar mass of CaSO₄ 2H₂O, you need to multiply the number of each element in the compound by its atomic mass and then add up all of the masses.

CaSO₄ 2H₂O, which means that there is one calcium atom, one sulfur atom, four oxygen atoms, and ten hydrogen atoms in the compound. Multiplying the number of each element by its atomic mass and adding up all the masses gives you the molar mass of CaSO₄ 2H₂O:

(1 x 40.08 g/mol) + (1 x 32.06 g/mol) + (4 x 16.00 g/mol) + (10 x 1.01 g/mol) = 40.08 g/mol + 32.06 g/mol + 64.00 g/mol + 10.10 g/mol = 146.24 g/mol

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Somebody pls help with theses questions??

Somebody pls help with theses questions??

Answers

3. Environmental chemistry

4. Biochemistry

5. Inorganic Chemistry

6. Organic chemistry

 

nitrogen and water react to form nitrogen monoxide and hydrogen, like this: (g) (g) (g) (g) also, a chemist finds that at a certain temperature the equilibrium mixture of nitrogen, water, nitrogen monoxide, and hydrogen has the following composition: compound pressure at equilibrium calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for this reaction. round your answer to significant digits.

Answers

The value of the equilibrium constant for this reaction is 1.50 x \(10^{-5}\) for the reaction between nitrogen and water to form nitrogen monoxide and hydrogen.

The equilibrium constant, K, expresses the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium for a given reaction. For the reaction between nitrogen and water to form nitrogen monoxide and hydrogen, the equilibrium constant expression can be written as:

K = [NO]²[H2]² / [N2][H2O]²

where [ ] denotes concentration in units of moles per liter.

Given the partial pressures of each compound at equilibrium, we need to convert them to concentrations using the ideal gas law: PV = nRT.

Rearranging to solve for concentration: [ ] = P/RT.

Substituting the given pressures and assuming a temperature of 298 K, we obtain:

[N2] = 61.7 atm / (0.0821 Latm/molK × 298 K) = 2.46 M

[H2O] = 20.2 atm / (0.0821 Latm/molK × 298 K) = 0.806 M

[NO] = 42.5 atm / (0.0821 Latm/molK × 298 K) = 1.69 M

[H2] = 9.78 atm / (0.0821 Latm/molK × 298 K) = 0.391 M

Substituting these concentrations into the equilibrium constant expression, we obtain:

K = (1.69 M)² × (0.391 M)² / (2.46 M) × (0.806 M)² = 1.50 x \(10^{-5}\)

Therefore, the equilibrium constant for the given reaction is 1.50 x \(10^{-5}\).

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The question is -

Nitrogen and water react to form nitrogen monoxide and hydrogen, like this: N2(g) + 2 H20(g) 2 NO(g) + 2H(g)

Also, a chemist finds that at a certain temperature, the equilibrium mixture of nitrogen, water, nitrogen monoxide, and hydrogen has the following

composition             compound pressure at equilibrium

N2                             61.7 atm

H20                           20.2 atm

NO                             42.5 atm

H2                             9.78 atm

calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for this reaction.

0.99 mol of aluminum sulfide and 0.55 mol of water react until the limiting reagent is used up:
Al2S3 + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S

1. Which is the limiting reagent?
2. What is the maximum mass of hydrogen sulfide that can form?
3. How much excess reagent remains after the reaction is complete?

Answers

Taking into account definition of limiting reagent, H₂O will be the limiting reagent, 0.275 moles of H₂S can be produced if 0.99 mol of aluminum sulfide and 0.55 mol of water react and 0.898 moles of the excess reagent remains after the reaction is complete.

Reaction stoichiometry

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

Al₂S₃ + 6 H₂O → 2 Al(OH)₃ + 3 H₂S

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

Al₂S₃: 1 moleH₂O: 6 molesAl(OH)₃: 2 molesH₂S: 3 moles

Limiting reagent and excess reagent

The limiting reagent will be the one that is used up first in the reaction while the excess reagent will be the one that is not completely used up during the reaction.

The amount of product obtained from the reaction will always depend on the amount of limiting reagent in the reaction.

Limiting reagent in this case

To determine the limiting reagent, it is possible to use a simple rule of three as follows: if by stoichiometry 1 mole of Al₂S₃ reacts with 6 moles of H₂O, 0.99 mole of Al₂S₃ reacts with how many moles of H₂O?

moles of H₂O= (0.99 mole of Al₂S₃× 6 moles of H₂O)÷ 1 mole of Al₂S₃

moles of H₂O= 5.94 moles

But 5.94 moles of H₂O are not available, 0.55 moles are available. Since you have less moles than you need to react with 0.99 mole of Al₂S₃, H₂O will be the limiting reagent.

Amount of excess reagent

To calculate the amount of excess reagent that remains after the reaction is complete, you can use a simple rule of three as follows: if by stoichiometry 6 moles of H₂O reacts with 1 mole of Al₂S₃, 0.55 moles of H₂O reacts with how many moles of Al₂S₃?

moles of Al₂S₃= (1 mole of Al₂S₃× 0.55 moles of H₂O)÷ 6 moles of H₂O

moles of Al₂S₃= 0.092 moles

If 0.99 moles of Al₂S₃ are avilable, the excess moles can be calculated as:

excess moles of Al₂S₃= 0.99 moles - 0.092 moles

excess moles of Al₂S₃= 0.898 moles

0.898 moles of the excess reagent remains after the reaction is complete.

Mass of H₂S formed

Considering the limiting reagent, the following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 6 moles of H₂O form 3 moles of H₂S, 0.55 moles of H₂O form how many moles of H₂S?

moles of H₂S= (0.55 moles of H₂O×3 moles of H₂S)÷6 moles of H₂O

moles of H₂S= 0.275 moles

Finally, 0.275 moles of H₂S can be produced.

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What did you notice about the structures of the different hormones responsible for different emotions?

Answers

Different hormones responsible for different emotions have different structures. Hormones are responsible for regulating different emotional states in humans, including love, fear, stress, and anxiety. Hormones have different structures that determine their function in the body. For example, cortisol has a more complex structure than adrenaline and noradrenaline, and it is responsible for controlling the body's stress response system.

Hormones are the chemicals produced by different glands in the body, including the pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and hypothalamus, among others. Hormones are responsible for various emotions, including love, stress, fear, and anxiety, among others. In this sense, hormones are critical in regulating the emotional state of individuals. Hormones, however, have different structures, depending on the type of hormone. The structures are essential in the determination of the hormone's function in the body, including the emotions they elicit.
The different hormones responsible for different emotions have different structures. For example, adrenaline and noradrenaline have similar structures and are responsible for eliciting the fight or flight response in humans. Adrenaline and noradrenaline are both produced by the adrenal gland. Another hormone that is responsible for stress is cortisol, produced by the adrenal gland. Cortisol has a more complex structure than adrenaline and noradrenaline and is responsible for controlling the body's stress response system.
The hormone oxytocin is responsible for love and social bonding. Oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamus and released into the bloodstream. It has a peptide structure and is responsible for eliciting the feeling of love and social bonding. The hormone dopamine, on the other hand, is responsible for the feeling of pleasure and reward. Dopamine is produced in the brain, and it has a similar structure to adrenaline and noradrenaline.

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Copy the sentences below. Correcting the five mistakes.
In a displacement reaction, a less reactive metal pushes out a more reactive metal from its compound. For example, iron displaces aluminium from aluminium oxide.

Answers

Answer:

In a displacement reaction, a more reactive metal pushes out a less reactive metal from its compound. For example, aluminium displaces iron from iron oxide.

Explanation:

Because aluminium is more reactive than iron, it displaces iron from iron(III) oxide. The aluminium removes oxygen from the iron(III) oxide: iron is reduced.

...

Hope this answer can help you. Have a nice day!

In a displacement reaction, a more reactive metal pushes out a less reactive metal from its compound. For example, aluminium displaces iron from iron oxide.

What is a compound?

Compound is defined as a chemical substance made up of identical molecules containing atoms from more than one type of chemical element.

Molecule consisting atoms of only one element is not called compound.It is transformed into new substances during chemical reactions. There are four major types of compounds depending on chemical bonding present in them.They are:

1)Molecular compounds where in atoms are joined by covalent bonds.

2) ionic compounds where atoms are joined by ionic bond.

3)Inter-metallic compounds where atoms are held by metallic bonds

4) co-ordination complexes where atoms are held by co-ordinate bonds.

They have a unique chemical structure held together by chemical bonds Compounds have different properties as those of elements because when a compound is formed the properties of the substance are totally altered.

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Estimate the change in the thermal energy of water in a pond

a mass of 1,000 kg and a specific heat of 4,200 J/(kg. °C) if the

cools by 1°C.

er in a pond with

kg. "C) if the water

Answers

The change in the thermal energy of the water in the pond, a mass of 1,000 kg and the specific heat of 4,200 J/(kg. °C) is 4200 kJ.

The Mass of the water of the pond, m = 1,000 kg,

The specific heat of the water, C = 4,200  J/kg °C,

The change in temperature, ΔT =  1 °C,

The change in the thermal energy :

Q = mcΔT

where,

m = mass,

C = specific heat,

ΔT =  change in temperature.

Q = 1000 × 4200 × 1

Q = 4200000 J

Q = 4200 kJ

The change in the thermal energy is 4200 kJ.

Thus, the change in thermal energy of the water in a pond is 4200 kJ.

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a scale model of the solar system

Answers

There you go BRAINLIEST would be appreciated
a scale model of the solar system

A 55.0 g piece of iron at 505 ° C is put into 735 grams of water at 15.0 ° C. What is the final temperature of the water and the iron?

Answers

Answer:

It would be 95.3

Explanation:

Q-3 Determine the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm and change in the chemical potential between this state and a second state od ethane where temperature is constant but pressure is 24 atm.

Answers

The fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is given by the equation: f = 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT). The change in chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT.

Fugacity is a measure of the escaping tendency of a component in a mixture, which is defined as the pressure that the component would have if it obeyed ideal gas laws. It is used as a correction factor in the calculation of equilibrium constants and thermodynamic properties such as chemical potential. Here we need to determine the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm and the change in the chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm. So, using the formula of fugacity: f = P.exp(Δu/RT) Where P is the pressure of the system, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature of the system, Δu is the change in chemical potential of the system.  Δu = RT ln (f / P)The chemical potential at the initial state can be calculated using the ideal gas equation as: PV = nRT    

=>  P

= nRT/V

=> 20.4 atm

= nRT/V

=> n/V

= 20.4/RT The chemical potential of the system at the initial state is:

Δu1 = RT ln (f/P)

= RT ln (f/20.4) Also, we know that for a pure substance,

Δu = Δg. So,

Δg1 = Δu1 The change in pressure is 24 atm – 20.4 atm

= 3.6 atm At the second state, the pressure is 24 atm.

Using the ideal gas equation, n/V = 24/RT The chemical potential of the system at the second state is: Δu2 = RT ln (f/24) = RT ln (f/24) The change in chemical potential is Δu2 – Δu1 The change in chemical potential is

Δu2 – Δu1 = RT ln (f/24) – RT ln (f/20.4)

= RT ln [(f/24)/(f/20.4)]

= RT ln (20.4/24)

= - 0.0911 RT Therefore, the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is:

f = P.exp(Δu/RT)

=> f

= 20.4 exp (-Δu1/RT)

=> f

= 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT) And, the change in the chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT. Therefore, the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is given by the equation: f = 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT). The change in chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT.

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