Choose the element with the higher ionization energy from each of the following pairs.


a. Between As and Bi, the element with the higher ionization energy is

b. Between As and Br, the element with the higher ionization energy is

c. Between S and I, the element with the higher ionization energy is

d. Between S and Sb, the element with the higher ionization energy is


1. Unable to be determined based on periodic properties alone

2. S

3. I

4. Bi

5. Br

6. As

7. Sb

Tim conclude that all matter is mostly made of empty space due to presence of all mass in the nucleus.

An atom is mostly empty space because of its composition. The nucleus, which contains the protons and neutrons indicates the mass of the atom whereas the electrons are revolving around nucleus and there is nothing between orbits.

So we can conclude that all matter is mostly made of empty space due to presence of all mass in the nucleus.

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Answer:

The correct answer is - D C2H4.

Explanation:

Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons with single covalent C-C bonds. They are known as alkanes. The general formula for these hydrocarbons is  CnH2n+2

Unsaturated hydrocarbons the hydrocarbons with double or triple covalent C-C bonds. They are known as alkenes and alkynes respectively. The general formula for these hydrocarbons is  CnH2n and CnHn-2

For the given options:

Option D: C2H4, is the simplest alkene with a double bond so it is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Answer: Fluorine has the highest ionization enthalpy.

Explanation: This is because the ionization energy decreases from top to bottom and increases from left to right. Also, ionization enthalpy is the amount of energy required by an isolated gaseous atom to lose an electron in its ground state.

Since fluorine needs just one atom to attain noble gas configuration so it will not want to lose any electron and hence a high amount of energy will be required to remove an electron from it.

Complete question: Learning Task 4: Read the following situations. Identify the part and the

function of the microscope mentioned in each situation. Write your answers in

your answer sheet.

Situation No. 1. Joey is about to start working on his experiment about plant

cell using a compound microscope. He noticed that one of the objective lens is

missing and the course adjustment knob is not working. The eyepiece lens is

also broken.

Answer: The parts of the compound microscope mentioned in this situation includes:

Objective lens, course adjustment knob and eyepiece lens.

Explanation: A compound microscope is a magnifying instrument which can be used to carry out various experiments in a laboratory. According to the working principle of a microscope, the magnified image of the object (plant cell) is first produced by a lens close to the object called the objective lens. This collects light from the object and forms the primary image. A second lens near the eye called the eyepiece lens enlarges the primary image,converting it into one that can enter the pupil of the eye. The different parts and the functions of the compound microscope observed by Joey includes:

--> Objective lens: The objective lens gathers light from the specimen, which is focused to produce the real image that is seen on the eyepiece lens. It's functions includes formation of primary image and determination of the quality of the image produced.

--> Course adjustment knob: This is the part of microscope that is used in focusing the specimen that is under observation through changing the distance between the lens and the specimen. Therefore it functions to bring the specimen into general focus.

--> Eyepiece lens: This is the lens that is closest to the eye of the observer. It functions to magnify the image formed by the objective lens as it's being placed near the focal length of the objective lens.

Answer:

c

Explanation:

you took the test on edge

The statement describes the cause for sibling rivalry between both brothers is The younger son expressed feelings about his parents showing favoritism to his older sibling. Hence , Option (C) is correct.

Sibling rivalry is the jealousy, competition and fighting between brothers and sisters.

It is a concern for almost all parents of two or more kids.

Problems often start right after the birth of the second child.

Sibling rivalry usually continues throughout childhood and can be very frustrating and stressful to parents.

Therefore, The statement describes the cause for sibling rivalry between both brothers is The younger son expressed feelings about his parents showing favoritism to his older sibling. Hence , Option (C) is correct.

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If yellow bromthymol blue is present, the solution is acidic. In an acidic solution, phenolphthalein, an acid-base indicator, is colourless; nevertheless, as the solution becomes alkaline, it turns pink or red.

An indicator, such as phenolphthalein, changes colour when it comes into contact with an acid or a basic. If it comes into contact with an acid like vinegar or a neutral substance like water, it remains colourless; if it comes into contact with something basic like ammonia, it turns purple.

The acid bromthymol blue is weak. Depending on the pH of the solution, it may take the form of an acid or a basic. This reagent turns blue in basic solutions and yellow in acidic solutions.

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The color of an uninoculated fermentation tube is red. The uninoculated fermentation tube is a control tube that helps to detect changes in the medium or the environment. This uninoculated tube should remain red throughout the experiment.

The fermentation tube is a straight glass tube with a graduated scale of mL or cm³ on one side. It is used to measure the amount of gas produced by a particular microorganism during anaerobic respiration. The fermentation tubes are usually filled with a carbohydrate medium, such as glucose, and then sterilized. After sterilization, the fermentation tubes are inoculated with a specific bacterium.

The fermentation tube is then incubated at a specific temperature for a set period, depending on the bacterium's type. The bacteria in the fermentation tube will consume the carbohydrate in the medium and produce gas. The gas produced in the fermentation tube will rise up and displace the water in the open arm of the fermentation tube, pushing the water into the graduated arm and causing the water to rise.

The gas collected in the graduated arm of the fermentation tube is measured. This measurement is used to determine the amount of gas produced by the bacterium during the fermentation process.

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In the context of microbiology, an uninoculated fermentation tube is sterile, containing a colorless medium. The fermentation tube is used to determine the fermentation capabilities of different microorganisms.

An inoculated fermentation tube, on the other hand, is filled with a culture medium and a specific microorganism. When the organism ferments the medium, it produces gas that fills the Durham tube at the top of the fermentation tube. The Durham tube, which is an inverted vial, is present in the fermentation tube to trap and measure gas production. It is common to use phenol red broth, a pH indicator, to identify the fermentation of specific sugars such as lactose, glucose, or sucrose.The color of the phenol red broth changes with the pH, which is a measure of the acid produced by the organism during fermentation. A yellow color indicates acidic conditions, and a red color indicates an alkaline environment. A pink color can be indicative of a pH between neutral and acidic. Furthermore, if the organism is unable to ferment the sugar present in the medium, the uninoculated fermentation tube will have a colorless medium.

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Once alcohol is absorbed into the blood, it is distributed throughout the body, affecting various organs and bodily functions.

The liver plays a significant role in processing alcohol and breaking it down into byproducts that can be eliminated from the body. The liver converts alcohol into acetaldehyde, which is then further broken down into acetate and eventually eliminated. This process takes time, with the liver typically taking an hour to break down one unit of alcohol. As the liver works to process alcohol, it may also release toxins that can contribute to a range of negative health effects. Over time, excessive alcohol consumption can lead to serious health problems, including liver disease, heart disease, and cancer. Alcohol, once absorbed into the blood, is distributed throughout the body, including the brain, kidney, lungs, and liver.

The liver is responsible for metabolizing alcohol, typically breaking down one unit of alcohol per hour. This process involves converting alcohol into acetaldehyde, a toxic substance, which is then further metabolized into non-toxic substances like acetate and water. Meanwhile, a small portion of alcohol is excreted through the lungs and kidneys. It is important to note that factors such as weight, age, and gender can affect the rate at which alcohol is processed.

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A current in which electrons move at an even rate and flow in only one direction is called "direct current" or DC.

Direct current is characterized by the continuous and unidirectional flow of electrons. This is different from alternating current (AC), where the electrons change direction periodically. The reason for this unidirectional flow in direct current is due to the presence of a constant voltage source that maintains the movement of electrons in a single direction.

In summary, direct current (DC) is the type of electrical current where electrons flow at an even rate and in only one direction, which is achieved by having a constant voltage source to maintain the unidirectional flow.

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It became thicker and its viscosity decreased and cannot flow as easily as before.

You ignite a chemical reaction by adding the borax solution to the glue mixture.

In a chemical reaction, the molecules of glue and borax combine to form a flexible, springy new substance. With rubber's vulcanization serving as a model, chemical cross-linking has been extensively employed to change the physical properties of polymeric materials.

Chemical links between polymer chains provide a substance with a more solid structure and perhaps a better-defined shape. It thickened and lost viscosity, making it more difficult to flow than it once could.

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Explanation:

It's a distance-time graph showing the speed of an object

Answer:

\(\boxed {\boxed {\sf SO_3}}\)

Explanation:

An empirical formula shows the smallest whole-number ratio of the atoms in a compound.

So, we must calculate this ratio. Since we are given the amounts of the elements in moles, we can do this in just 2 steps.

The first step is division. We divide the amount of moles for both elements by the smallest amount of moles.

There are 0.300 moles of sulfur and 0.900 moles of oxygen. 0.300 is smaller, so we divide both amounts by 0.300

The next step is writing the formula. We use the numbers we just found as the subscripts. These numbers go after the element's symbol in the formula. Remember sulfur is S and there is 1 mole and oxygen is O and there are 3 moles.

This formula is technically correct, but we typically remove subscripts of 1 because no subscript implies 1 representative unit.

\(\bold {The \ empirical \ formula \ for \ the \ compound \ is \ SO_3}}\)

Answer:

i. If the area is doubled keeping the force constant, then pressure will be halved.

ii. If force is doubled keeping area constant, then pressure will also be doubled.

I hope that my answer helped you!!

-From Nepal

Answer:

30 moles of CO₂

Explanation:

We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is illustrated below:

Al₂(CO₃)₃ —> Al₂O₃ + 3CO₂

From the balanced equation above,

1 mole of Al₂(CO₃)₃ decomposed to produce 3 moles of CO₂.

Finally, we shall determine the number of mole of CO₂ produced from the decomposition of 10 moles of Al₂(CO₃)₃. This can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

1 mole of Al₂(CO₃)₃ decomposed to produce 3 moles of CO₂.

Therefore, 10 moles of Al₂(CO₃)₃ will decompose to produce = 3 × 10 = 30 moles of CO₂.

Thus, 30 moles of CO₂ were obtained from the reaction.

30 moles of CO₂ will be produced by the decomposition of 10 moles of  \(\rm Al_2(CO_3)_3\).

Carbon dioxide is a gas made up of two elements, carbon, and oxygen.

It is the gas that is used by plants to make their food.

The % of this gas on Earth is 0.03%

The balanced equation is

\(\rm Al_2(CO_3)_3 \longrightarrow Al_2O_3 + 3CO_2\)

1 mole of \(\rm Al_2(CO_3)_3\) decomposes to produce 3 moles of CO₂.

If 1 mole of \(\rm Al_2(CO_3)_3\) produce 3 moles of CO₂, then decomposition of 10 moles of \(\rm Al_2(CO_3)_3\) will produce

3 × 10 = 30 moles of CO₂.

Thus, 30 moles of CO₂ will be produced by the decomposition of 10 moles of  \(\rm Al_2(CO_3)_3\).

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The number of moles of a gas at 100°C it takes to fill a 1.00 L flask to a pressure of 1.50 atm is 0.049 moles.

The number of moles of a substance can be calculated using the following formula (Avogadro's equation);

PV = nRT

Where;

According to this question, a gas at 100°C is filled to 1.00 L flask at a pressure of 1.50 atm. The number of moles can be calculated as follows;

1.5 × 1 = n × 0.0821 × 373

1.5 = 30.6233n

n = 0.049 moles

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 The Equation to show the reaction are -

\(2Na(s)\rightarrow2Na^{+}+2e^{-}\)

\(Cl_{2}(g) +2e^{-} \rightarrow2Cl^{-}\)

A chemical equation is said to be balanced when the quantity of each type of atom in the reaction is the same on both the reactant and .

The balanced chemical reaction is

\(2Na(s)+Cl_{2} \rightarrow2NaCl(s)\)

Before reaction the sodium atom has zero oxidation state and after reacting with chlorine the oxidation state of sodium become +1 i.e., it is oxidised

Which gives the following reaction

\(2Na(s)\rightarrow2Na^{+}+2e^{-}\)

Similarly,before reacting with sodium the oxidation number of chlorine is zero and after reacting it is reduced to -1 oxidation state.

Which gives the following chemical reaction

\(Cl_{2}(g) +2e^{-} \rightarrow2Cl^{-}\)

From the combination of these reaction the main balance reaction is formed.

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Answer:

The more acidic the solution the faster it rusts. More Na = more rust

Explanation:

The correct answer for question 20 is: Electricity and water.

For question 3, the correct answer is: International agreements that aim to reduce the impact of human activities on the environment. Environment conventions are international agreements or treaties that are established among nations to address environmental issues and promote sustainable practices. These agreements aim to reduce pollution, conserve natural resources, protect ecosystems, and mitigate climate change. They involve negotiations and commitments from participating countries to implement measures and policies to minimize the adverse impacts of human activities on the environment.

Environment conventions are international agreements that bring together nations to collectively address environmental challenges. These agreements are crucial for promoting global cooperation and establishing frameworks for sustainable development. Through negotiations and commitments, countries work towards reducing pollution, conserving biodiversity, mitigating climate change, and preserving natural resources for future generations.

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Answer:

D.Cell wall

Explanation:

Cell wall is a distinct feature that is mainly seen in plant cells (mostly made of Cellulose) or in prokaryotic cells like bacteria.

hope this helps you :)

Therefore, the average time that the system remains in the corresponding energy state is equal to or greater than 0.005 x 10^(-9) seconds.

To calculate the average time that the system remains in the corresponding energy state, we can use the uncertainty principle.

The uncertainty principle states that the product of the uncertainty in the measurement of position (∆x) and the uncertainty in the measurement of momentum (∆p) must be greater than or equal to the reduced Planck's constant (ħ):

∆x ∆p ≥ ħ

In the case of a spectral line, the uncertainty in wavelength (∆λ) can be related to the uncertainty in momentum (∆p) using the relation ∆p = ħ / ∆λ.

Given that the width of the spectral line is measured as 0.01 nm, we can convert it to meters by multiplying by 10^(-9) (since 1 nm = 10^(-9) m):

∆λ = 0.01 nm = 0.01 x 10^(-9) m

Substituting this into the relation ∆p = ħ / ∆λ, we have:

∆p = ħ / (0.01 x 10^(-9) m)

Now, the uncertainty in momentum (∆p) can be related to the average time (∆t) using the relation ∆p ∆t ≥ ħ/2.

∆p ∆t ≥ ħ/2

Substituting the value of ∆p, we have:

(ħ / (0.01 x 10^(-9) m)) ∆t ≥ ħ/2

Simplifying, we find:

∆t ≥ (0.01 x 10^(-9) m) / 2

∆t ≥ 0.005 x 10^(-9) s

Therefore, the average time that the system remains in the corresponding energy state is equal to or greater than 0.005 x 10^(-9) seconds.

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Answer:

Fertilisers

And also organic compounds

2- dimethyl pentane is the name of this hydrocarbon.  Therefore, the correct option is option A.

The only two types of atoms that make up all of an organic complex called a hydrocarbon are carbon and hydrogen. The majority of the time, hydrocarbons are colourless gases with barely detectable scents. Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons are the four subcategories that are typically used to classify hydrocarbons. These compounds might have relatively basic structures or relatively complicated ones. 2- dimethyl pentane is the name of this hydrocarbon.

Therefore, the correct option is option A.

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Answer:

The number of neutrons in nucleus

Answer:

Sodium and chlorine combine to make salt

Explanation:

Answer:

vinegar and soda

Explanation:

:)

Answer:

2.coefficient how many molecules of Aluminum hydroxide there are

The LD50 (Lethal Dose 50) is a measure used in toxicology to determine the lethal dose of a substance that would cause death in 50% of the test population.

However, it is important to note that conducting experiments to determine the LD50 of a substance on humans is unethical and illegal. The LD50 values are typically determined through animal testing, usually on rodents such as rats or mice.To calculate the amount of a substance that would harm a person of a certain weight, various factors need to be considered, including the toxicity of the substance and the individual's weight. In toxicology, a commonly used measure is the oral median lethal dose (LD50) expressed as milligrams per kilogram of body weight (mg/kg).To estimate the harmful dose for an individual of a certain weight, you would need to know the LD50 value of the substance and apply it to the weight of the person. The calculation involves multiplying the LD50 value by the person's weight in kilograms. However, it is crucial to emphasize that estimating harmful doses for humans based on animal LD50 values alone can be inaccurate and potentially dangerous.

It is essential to consult professionals in toxicology or poison control centers to obtain accurate information regarding the toxicity of a substance and its potential effects on human health.

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Based on the given description, the student is most likely describing a liquid.

As we know, liquids do not have any definite shape, but they do have a definite volume. This is because the particles of matter in a liquid are close together, but they are still able to flow past each other. Due to this property, liquid take the shape of its container.

Some examples of liquids include water, oil, and gasoline.

Other states of matter include solids and gases.

Solids have a definite shape and volume, and the particles of matter in a solid are not able to flow past each other.

Gases have no definite shape or volume, and the particles of matter in a gas are very far apart and are able to move freely.

Thus, the correct answer is liquids.

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Answer:

313.2 g of \({K_{2} }S O_{4}\)  must be added to 1.20 liters of water to produce a 1.50 molar solution.

Explanation:

What is molarity?

According to the given question,

Solution :

∴ Number of moles of solute, here, \({K_{2} }S O_{4}\)

= molarity x volume of the solution

= 1.20 x  1.50 = 1.8

∴ Mass of 1.8 moles of \({K_{2} }S O_{4}\) = 1.8 x molar mass of   \({K_{2} }S O_{4}\)  

Now the molar mass of \(K_{2} SO_{4}\)

= (Gram atomic mass of K x 2) + (Gram atomic mass of S) + (Gram atomic mass of O x 4)

= (39x2) + 32 + (16 x 4) g

= 174 g.

∴ Mass of 1.5 moles of \({K_{2} }S O_{4}\)

= 1.8 x molar mass of   \({K_{2} }S O_{4}\)  

= 1.8 x 174 g

= 313.2 g.

Thus, 313.2 g of \({K_{2} }S O_{4}\)  must be added to 1.20 liters of water to produce a 1.50 M solution.

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