Compare the modern (electron cloud) model of the atom with bohr’s atomic model. which of these statements describe the two models correctly? check all of the boxes that apply.

Answer

Climate, because this describes what the weather is like over a long period of time.

a. Example of physical change: Melting of ice

Example of chemical change: Burning of paper

b. Example of physical property: Density of a substance

Example of chemical property: Reactivity of a substance

a. A known example of a physical change is the change of state of water. When water is heated, it undergoes a physical change from a solid state (ice) to a liquid state (water) and further to a gaseous state (water vapor). The chemical composition of water remains the same throughout these changes, and only the arrangement and energy of the water molecules change.

On the other hand, a known example of a chemical change is the combustion of wood. When wood is burned, it undergoes a chemical change where the molecules of wood react with oxygen from the air to produce carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other combustion products. The chemical composition of wood is altered during this process, and new substances are formed.

b. Physical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing its chemical composition. For example, the physical properties of water include its boiling point, melting point, density, color, and transparency. These properties describe how water behaves and reacts under different conditions, but they do not involve any changes in its chemical identity.

Chemical properties, on the other hand, describe the ability of a substance to undergo chemical changes and react with other substances. For example, the ability of iron to rust when exposed to oxygen and moisture is a chemical property. It involves a chemical reaction where iron reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide.

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The difference between Argon-38 and Argon - 45 is the number of neurons in their nuclei.

Isotopes are two or more types of atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but differs in mass numbers due to different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.

Argon atom with a mass number of 38 (Ar-38) - number of neutrons = 20

Argon atom with a mass number of 45 (Ar-45) - number of neutrons = 27

Thus, the difference between Argon-38 and Argon - 45 is the number of neurons in their nuclei.

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The electronegativity periodic table is a chart that arranges elements according to their electronegativity, which is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons to itself. Electronegativity is a chemical property that reflects the relative tendency of an atom to draw electrons towards itself when it forms a chemical bond with another atom.

The electronegativity values are usually determined using the Pauling scale, which was developed by Linus Pauling and is widely used in chemistry. In this scale, the electronegativity of an element ranges from 0.7 for cesium to 4.0 for fluorine, with increasing electronegativity moving from left to right across a period and increasing as one moves down a group.

The electronegativity values can be useful in understanding chemical bonding and the behavior of molecules. For example, elements with high electronegativity values tend to form ionic bonds, while elements with low electronegativity values tend to form covalent bonds. Additionally, the electronegativity difference between two bonded atoms determines the type of bond, with larger differences indicating polar covalent bonds and smaller differences indicating nonpolar covalent bonds.

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Equilibrium constant (K) for Sn2(aq) + V(s) → Sn(s) + V2(aq) at 25°C is 2.56 × 10^17. The expression for calculating K is K = e^(2 × 96485 C mol^-1 × 1.07 V / (8.314 J mol^-1 K^-1 × 298 K)). The relationship between K and the standard electrode potential is given by the Nernst equation: E = E° - (RT/nF)lnK.

Given reaction: Sn2(aq) + V(s) → Sn(s) + V2(aq)
Standard electrode potential (E°) = +1.07 V
Gas constant (R) = 8.314 J mol^-1 K^-1
Temperature (T) = 25°C = 298 K
Faraday constant (F) = 96485 C mol^-1
The Nernst equation gives the relationship between the equilibrium constant and the standard electrode potential as follows:
E = E° - (RT/nF)lnQ
where
E = cell potential under non-standard conditions
E° = standard electrode potential
R = gas constant
T = temperature in Kelvin
n = number of electrons transferred
F = Faraday constant
Q = reaction quotient
Under standard conditions, the reaction quotient is equal to the equilibrium constant (K). Therefore, we can rewrite the above equation as follows:
E = E° - (RT/nF)lnK
Solving for K, we get:
lnK = (nF/RT)(E° - E)
K = e^(nF/RT)(E° - E)
Substituting the values from the given data, we get:
n = 2 (since two electrons are transferred in the reaction)
E = 0 V (since Sn and V2 ions are in their standard states)
K = e^(2 × 96485 C mol^-1 × 1.07 V / (8.314 J mol^-1 K^-1 × 298 K))
K = 2.56 × 10^17
Therefore, the equilibrium constant for the given reaction at 25 °C is 2.56 × 10^17.

Summary:
Equilibrium constant (K) for Sn2(aq) + V(s) → Sn(s) + V2(aq) at 25°C is 2.56 × 10^17. The expression for calculating K is K = e^(2 × 96485 C mol^-1 × 1.07 V / (8.314 J mol^-1 K^-1 × 298 K)). The relationship between K and the standard electrode potential is given by the Nernst equation: E = E° - (RT/nF)lnK.

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The independent variable is the pH level, the experiment is to grow the same type of plant with different pH levels and record the growth of each one.

First, the independent variable will be the pH level of the soil, and the dependent variable (the one we measure) is the growth of the plant.

So to set up this experiment, we can plant several plants of the same type in soils with different pH, and after some intervals of time record the growth of each one.

Then we can draw a conclusion on which pH is the ideal for that type of plant, and thus, we tested the impact of different pH levels on plant growth.

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In this experiment, the independent variable would be the pH levels of the water used to water the plants, ranging from acidic to alkaline. The dependent variable would be the plant growth, measured by factors such as plant height, leaf size, or biomass.

The independent variable in this experiment would be the pH levels, specifically the pH of the water used to water the plants. The pH levels can be varied by adjusting the concentration of acidic or alkaline substances in the water. The pH levels could range from acidic (e.g., pH 4), neutral (e.g., pH 7), to alkaline (e.g., pH 10).

The dependent variable in this experiment would be the plant growth, which can be measured by various factors such as plant height, leaf size, number of leaves, or biomass. These measurements would be taken at regular intervals throughout the experiment to track the growth of the plants over time.

In this experiment, different groups of plants would be exposed to different pH levels of water while keeping other growth conditions (such as light, temperature, and nutrient availability) constant.

By comparing the growth of plants across different pH levels, we can determine the impact of pH on plant growth.

- How would you ensure the pH levels remain consistent throughout the experiment?

- How long would you run the experiment to observe significant growth differences?

- What controls would you include to ensure accurate results?

- How would you account for other factors that can influence plant growth, such as nutrient availability and light intensity?

- Are there any specific plant species you would choose for this experiment?

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Complete Question:

Design an experiment testing the impact of different pH levels on plant growth. What would be the levels of your independent variable? Be specific. You would need to vary the pH of a factor that plants need for growth such as soil, fertilizer, or water. What would be your dependent variable; that is, what result would you measure?

Answer:

Fossil fuel

Explanation:

Answer:

2

Explanation:

Nonrenewable energy resources include coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear energy. Once these resources are used up, they cannot be replaced, which is a major problem for humanity as we are currently dependent on them to supply most of our energy needs.

Answer:

The electronegativity difference of the atoms in the bond.

Explanation:

Carbon is electropositive while Oxygen is highly electronegative, hence highly polar due to strong intermolecular forces.

The molecule is not symmetrical because it's dipole moments don't cancel out.

The human activity creating water pollution and depletion are uses of fertilizers, detergents and chloro flouro carbon many other things.

Water pollution is defined as the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activity, in such a way that their lawful uses are harmed.

The activities of human that creating water pollution are:

And depletion in the ozone layer are due to halogen source gases, which contain chlorine and bromine atoms, are produced by human activities. These emissions into the atmosphere eventually contribute to ozone depletion in the stratosphere.

Hence human activities are uses of fertilizers, detergents and many other things.

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Answer:

125°C

Explanation:

125°C is the melting point degree for standard plastic.

Answer:

130 degrees Celsius (266 degrees Fahrenheit)

Explanation:

High-density and low-density polyethylenes -- HDPE and LDPE, or recyclables 2 and 4 -- melt at 130 degrees Celsius (266 degrees Fahrenheit) and 120 degrees Celsius (248 degrees Fahrenheit), respectively, according to Dynalab Corp.

[2.8.2] - exists the electron configuration of a potassium ion when it contains created an ionic bond with a bromine ion.

What is electron configuration simple definition?

electronic configuration, also called electronic structure or electron configuration, the arrangement of electrons in orbitals around an atomic nucleus.

What are the 4 types of electron configuration?

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Answer:

NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) Sodium Silver chloride nitrate AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) Silver Sodium chloride nitrate

We can use Graham's law of effusion to solve this problem. Graham's law states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular mass.

Mathematically, this can be expressed as:
\(Rate₁ / Rate₂ = \sqrt{(M_2 / M_1)}\)
Here, Rate₁ and Rate₂ represent the effusion rates of the unshaded and shaded spheres respectively, and M₁ and M₂ represent their molecular masses.
We're given that it takes twice the time for the shaded spheres to effuse compared to the unshaded spheres. Since rate and time are inversely proportional, this means:
Rate₁ = 2 * Rate₂
Now we can plug this into Graham's law:
\((2 * Rate_1) / Rate_2 = \sqrt{(M_2 / M_1)}\)
Canceling out Rate₂, we get:
\(2 = \sqrt{(M_2 / 16)}\)
Square both sides:
4 = M₂ / 16
Now, solve for M₂:
M₂ = 4 * 16 = 64 g/mol
The closest numerical value for the molecular mass of the gas represented by unshaded spheres is not listed among the options you provided. However, based on the calculations, the answer should be 64 g/mol.

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The greenhouse gas effect is the process by which certain gases in the atmosphere trap heat and warm the Earth's surface. Climate change occurs when the levels of these gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, increase in the atmosphere and cause a rise in global temperatures. The more greenhouse gases that are emitted into the atmosphere, the more severe and widespread the effects of climate change will be.

The greenhouse gas effect is the method by which certain gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere. This leads to the warming of the planet, known as global warming, which is a significant driver of climate change. The increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, primarily due to human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation, intensifies the greenhouse effect, causing the Earth's climate to change rapidly, with impacts such as rising temperatures, melting ice caps, more frequent extreme weather events, and shifts in precipitation patterns.

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Silicon is classified as a. a micromineral.

Microminerals, also known as trace minerals, are minerals that are required in very small amounts in the body, typically less than 100mg/day. Silicon is a component of connective tissue and bone, and plays a role in the health of skin, hair, nails, and cartilage. It also has been shown to improve bone density and strength, and may have a protective effect against Alzheimer's disease. While it is not considered an essential nutrient, studies have shown that adequate intake of silicon may be beneficial for overall health.

Foods that are high in silicon include whole grains, beans, nuts, and some fruits and vegetables. It is important to note that there is currently no recommended daily intake for silicon, but a balanced and varied diet can help ensure adequate intake. Silicon is classified as a. a micromineral.

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Once chewed and swallowed, the food will be digested and absorbed nutrients, while the rest of the food will be excreted through the body's feces. This digestion process can take about 24-72 hours.

The process of digestion of food in humans can be divided into two types, namely mechanical digestion and chemical (enzymatic) digestion. Mechanical digestion is the process of changing food from a large or coarse form to a smaller or finer form. The process takes place in the mouth with the help of teeth and tongue. The mechanical digestion process also occurs in the stomach with the help of peristaltic motion of the stomach wall, so that food is like being stirred. While the chemical digestion process is the process of converting food substances from complex forms into simpler forms with the help of digestive enzymes.

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Answer:

Explanation:

La molaridad son los moles que hay por litro de solución.

En este caso tenemos 0,24 moles de KCL por 1000 ml de solución. El problema nos plantea que hay que preparar una solución de 54ml para poder sacar los moles hacemos una regla de tres.

1000 ml -----------0,24mol

54ml----------------X=(54ml*0,24mol)/1000ml

moles necesarios=0.0129 moles de KCl

Ahora para expresarlo en gramos utilizaremos la masa molar del compuesto, esto se hace buscando en la tabla periódica cada componente del compuesto y sumarlos.

En este caso tenemos el potasio (K) con una masa molar de 39 y el cloro (Cl) de 35,45 gramos lo

masa KCL=35,45+39=74,45 Gramos/mol

como tenemos 0.0129 moles haremos otra vez una regla de 3

1mol----------74,45 gramos

0.0129 mol-----0,960 gramos

espero que te sirva la respuesta! no te olvides de calificar :)

Mass can be calculated by using moles which can be further calculated from multiplication of Molarity to volume. The mass of KCl to make this solution is 0.960gram.

Molarity can be calculated by dividing  number of moles of solute by volume of solution in liter. Molarity is affected by temperature. Its unit is mole/litre. It measure the concentration of any solute in a solution.

Other concentration terms are molality, normality and mole fraction. Molarity can be used to find out the ionic strength of any solution.

Mathematically,

Molarity= number of moles of solute/volume of solution in litre

Where,

moles= given weight ÷ molecular weight

         = w/ 74.55

Substituting values in equation 1

0. 24=(w/ 74.55 )/(52/1000)

w=0.960gram

Thus the mass of KCl is 0.960gram.

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The enantiomeric excess of the mixture is 64.0%

Enantiomeric excess is the percent excess of one enantiomer over the other in a mixture. Enantiomeric excess (ee) is the concentration of one enantiomer in excess of the other enantiomer in a racemic mixture.

It is calculated as:

ee = ((% major enantiomer) - (% minor enantiomer)) / 100%Given,

% of r enantiomer = 82.0%% of s enantiomer = 18.0%

Therefore,% of major enantiomer (r) = 82.0%% of minor enantiomer (s) = 18.0%

Thus,

ee = ((% major enantiomer) - (% minor enantiomer)) / 100%= ((82.0%) - (18.0%)) / 100%= 64.0%

Therefore, the enantiomeric excess of the mixture is 64.0%.

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Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards nucleophilic addition reactions due to the difference in their electronic and steric effects.

Electronic effects arise from the presence of a hydrogen atom directly attached to the carbonyl carbon in aldehydes, which makes them more electrophilic compared to ketones.

The electron-withdrawing nature of the hydrogen atom increases the partial positive charge on the carbonyl carbon, making it more susceptible to attack by nucleophiles. In contrast, ketones lack this hydrogen atom and have two alkyl or aryl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon, which reduces the electrophilicity of the carbon atom.

Steric effects also play a role in the reactivity difference. Aldehydes have a smaller alkyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon compared to ketones, resulting in less steric hindrance. This allows nucleophiles to approach and attack the carbonyl carbon more easily in aldehydes.

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Answer:

Electron affinity.

Explanation:

An atom can be defined as the smallest unit comprising of matter that forms all chemical elements. Thus, atoms are basically the building blocks of matters and as such determines or defines the structure of a chemical element.

Generally, atoms are typically made up of three distinct particles and these are protons, neutrons and electrons.

Electron affinity can be defined as the ability of an atom of a chemical element to accept or accommodate an electron.

This ultimately implies that, electron affinity is the change in energy of a neutral atom of a chemical element when an electron is added to the atom to form negative ion, thus, a neutral atom gain electron.

In Chemistry, electrons can be defined as subatomic particles that are negatively charged and as such has a magnitude of -1.

KBr has a Van't Hoff factor of 1.63.

The formula for freezing point reduction brought on by a solute is as follows:

ΔT = Kf×m×i

Where T is the shift in freezing point, Kf is the solvent X's freezing point depression constant, m is the solution's molality (mol/kg), and I is the Van't Hoff factor

Molar masses of 177g of alanine (89.09g/mol) are:

1mol / 89.09g times 177g equals 1.99 moles. In 0.800kg:

1.9 mol/0.8 kilo = 2.49 m

In the freezing point depression formula, replace:

5.9°C = Kf×2.49m×1

The Van't Hoff factor for alinine is 1.

The solvent's Kf is as follows:

2.37 °C/m

The 177.0g of KBr solution has the following molality (molar mass: 119g/mol):

1mol/119g times 177.0g gives 1.487 moles/0.800kg and 1.859m respectively.

The freezing point depression equation is as follows:

7.2°C = 2.37°C/m×1.859m×i

1.63 = I

The complete question is:

When 177. g of alanine (C3H7NO2) are dissolved in 800.0 g of a certain mystery liquid X, the freezing point of the solution is 5.9 °C lower than the freezing point of pure X. On the other hand, when 177.0 g of potassium bromide are dissolved in Van't Hoff factor the same mass of X, the freezing point of the solution is 7.2 °C lower than the freezing point of pure X. Calculate the van't Hoff factor for potassium bromide in X. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if necessary, and is rounded to the correct number of significant digits.

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The given question can be solved using Stoichiometry, the process that allows us to calculate the number of grams or moles of a product or reactant involved in a chemical reaction. In this question, we are given the concentration of a potassium iodide solution and the volume of the solution.

We are also given the information about the precipitating agent, lead (II) nitrate. We can use this information to find the number of grams of lead (II) iodide precipitated. To solve the problem, we need to follow these steps: First, we will write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction between lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide.

Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI → PbI2 + 2KNO3 This equation shows that one mole of lead (II) nitrate reacts with two moles of potassium iodide to produce one mole of lead (II) iodide and two moles of potassium nitrate.

Now we need to find the number of moles of potassium iodide present in 870 mL of 0.316 M solution. Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of a solute present in one liter of the solution. So, the number of moles of potassium iodide (KI) in 870 mL of 0.316 M solution is given by :

Moles of KI = 870 mL × 0.316 mol/L

= 0.27492 mol  

Now we know the number of moles of potassium iodide present. Next, we need to find the number of moles of lead (II) nitrate required to react with this amount of potassium iodide. According to the balanced equation, one mole of lead (II) nitrate reacts with two moles of potassium iodide. So, the number of moles of lead (II) nitrate required is half the number of moles of potassium iodide.

Moles of Pb(NO3)2 = 0.5 × 0.27492 mol

= 0.13746 mol

Finally, we need to find the mass of lead (II) iodide produced. We can use the molar mass of lead (II) iodide to convert the number of moles of lead (II) iodide to grams. Molar mass of PbI2 = 461 g/mol

Mass of PbI2 = Number of moles × Molar mass

= 0.27492 × 461 g/mol

= 126.85 g

Therefore, the mass of lead (II) iodide precipitated by adding sufficient Pb(NO3)2 to react with 870 mL of 0.316 M KI solution is 126.85 grams. The mass of lead (II) iodide precipitated by adding sufficient Pb(NO3)2 to react with 870 mL of 0.316 M KI solution is 126.85 grams.

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If the volume exiting the large intestine were 364 mL, then it would most likely indicate a case of diarrhea. This condition may lead to dehydration.

Diarrhea is an unhealthy condition that occurs when the body excretes an excessive amount of water.

Diarrhea must be treated because this condition can lead to dehydration (it may even lead to death in severe cases).

Both diarrhea and vomiting may lead to the loss of body fluids.

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The molecular formula for a compound with a percent composition of 38.7% C, 9.76% H, 51.5% O, and a molar mass of 62.0 g/mol is C₂H₆O₂.

A molecular formula is a chemical formula indicating the kinds and number of atoms of each kind in a molecule of a compound.

To determine the molecular formula, we need to follow a series of steps.

C: 38.7/12.01 = 3.22

H: 9.76/1.01 = 9.66

O: 51.5/16.00 = 3.22

C: 3.22/3.22 = 1

H: 9.76/3.22 = 3

O: 3.22/3.22 = 1

The empirical formula is CH₃O and its molar mass is 31.04 g/mol.

First, we will calculate how many times the empirical formula is contained in the molecular formula by dividing their molar masses.

n = (62.0 g/mol) / (31.04 g/mol) = 2

The molecular formula is 2 times the empirical formula, that is, C₂H₆O₂.

The molecular formula for a compound with a percent composition of 38.7% C, 9.76% H, 51.5% O, and a molar mass of 62.0 g/mol is C₂H₆O₂.

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Answer:

0.35 g.

Explanation:

We'll begin by calculating the number of mole of Fe(NO3)3 in 35 mL of 0.250 M Fe(NO3)3 solution.

This is illustrated below:

Molarity of Fe(NO3)3 = 0.250 M

Volume = 35 mL = 35/1000 = 0.035 L

Mole of Fe(NO3)3 =?

Molarity = mole /Volume

0.250 = mole of Fe(NO3)3 / 0.035

Cross multiply

Mole of Fe(NO3)3 = 0.25 x 0.035

Mole of Fe(NO3)3 = 8.75×10¯³ mole

Next, we shall determine the number of mole of KOH in 55 mL of 0.180 M

KOH solution. This is illustrated below:

Molarity of KOH = 0.180 M

Volume = 55 mL = 55/1000 = 0.055 L

Mole of KOH =.?

Molarity = mole /Volume

0.180 = mole of KOH /0.055

Cross multiply

Mole of KOH = 0.180 x 0.055

Mole of KOH = 9.9×10¯³ mole.

Next, we shall write the balanced equation for the reaction. This is given below:

3KOH + Fe(NO3)3 —> Fe(OH)3 + 3KNO3

From the balanced equation above,

3 moles of KOH reacted with 1 mole of Fe(NO3)3 to produce 1 mole of Fe(OH)3.

Next, we shall determine the limiting reactant. This can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

3 moles of KOH reacted with 1 mole of Fe(NO3)3.

Therefore, 9.9×10¯³ mole of KOH will react with = (9.9×10¯³ x 1)/3 = 3.3×10¯³ mole of Fe(NO3)3.

From the above illustration, we can see that only 3.3×10¯³ mole out of 8.75×10¯³ mole of Fe(NO3)3 given is needed to react completely with 9.9×10¯³ mole of KOH.

Therefore, KOH is the limiting reactant and Fe(NO3)3 is the excess reactant.

Next, we shall determine the number of mole of Fe(OH)3 produced from the reaction.

In this case, we shall use the limiting reactant because it will give the maximum yield of Fe(OH)3 as all of it is consumed in the reaction.

The limiting reactant is KOH and the mole of Fe(OH)3 produce can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

3 moles of KOH reacted to produce 1 mole of Fe(OH)3.

Therefore, 9.9×10¯³ mole of KOH will react to produce = (9.9×10¯³ x 1)/3 = 3.3×10¯³ mole of Fe(OH)3.

Finally, we shall convert 3.3×10¯³ mole of Fe(OH)3 to grams. This can be obtained as follow:

Molar mass of Fe(OH)3 = 56 + 3(16 + 1) = 56 + 3(17) = 107 g/mol

Mole of Fe(OH)3 = 3.3×10¯³ mole

Mass of Fe(OH)3 =?

Mole = mass /Molar mass

3.3×10¯³ = Mass of Fe(OH)3 / 107

Cross multiply

Mass of Fe(OH)3 = 3.3×10¯³ x 107

Mass of Fe(OH)3 = 0.3531 ≈ 0.35 g.

Therefore, 0.35 g of Fe(OH)3 was produced from the reaction.

Answer:

all the above

Explanation:

I think it is all the above, but I think not. I think it is the 3rd or 4th one. Hope this helps :)

If not, sorry!

Answer:

Provide more strength

Explanation:

Rust is metal that has been oxidised . Oxides are usually more fragile and porous than their crystals metal equivalents. Some oxides, such as Aluminum oxide, are useful because they have a thin, strong shell that protects the metal from further corrosion.