corona viruses are approximately 0.5micm in diameter how many coronaviruses could fir across a water froplet that was 1cm across

When a photoreceptor is in the dark, the on-center bipolar cells will hyperpolarize, which will lead to a decrease in firing in the on-center ganglion cell. When a photoreceptor is in the dark, the off-center bipolar cell will depolarize, which will lead to an increase in firing in the off-center ganglion cell.

In the dark, photoreceptors are not stimulated by light. When a photoreceptor is in the dark, the on-center bipolar cells, which receive input from the photoreceptor, will hyperpolarize. Hyperpolarization means that the bipolar cell's membrane potential becomes more negative, reducing its activity. This hyperpolarization is due to the inhibitory neurotransmitter released by the photoreceptor, which decreases the release of excitatory neurotransmitters onto the bipolar cell. As a result, the on-center ganglion cell, which receives input from the bipolar cell, will also have a decrease in firing rate.

On the other hand, the off-center bipolar cell, which also receives input from the photoreceptor, will depolarize in the dark. Depolarization means that the bipolar cell's membrane potential becomes more positive, increasing its activity. This depolarization is due to the lack of inhibitory neurotransmitter released by the photoreceptor onto the off-center bipolar cell. Consequently, the off-center ganglion cell, which receives input from the depolarized bipolar cell, will experience an increase in firing rate.

Overall, when a photoreceptor is in the dark, the signaling pathway involving on-center bipolar cells and on-center ganglion cells is inhibitory, leading to a decrease in firing. In contrast, the pathway involving off-center bipolar cells and off-center ganglion cells is excitatory, resulting in an increase in firing.

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This is false that cro-magnon (early homo-sapiens) and neanderthals coexisting, but never mated with each other.

Cro-Magnon (early Homo sapiens) and Neanderthals did coexist for a period of time, and there is evidence that they interbred. Genetic studies have found that modern humans outside of Africa have a small percentage of Neanderthal DNA, indicating that interbreeding occurred between the two species.

People of non-African ancestry have been shown to include a small amount of Neanderthal DNA in their genomes, which suggests that the two populations interbred while they coexisted in particular places. This shows that Cro-Magnon humans and Neanderthals occasionally interbred and exchanged genes.

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Answer:

The atom's properties are rearranged.

Explanation:

"A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements are chemically joined. ... When the elements are joined, the atoms lose their individual properties and have different properties from the elements they are composed of. A chemical formula is used a quick way to show the composition of compounds."

"They are rearranged to form new products [in a chemical reaction] with different physical and chemical properties from the reactants."

I hope this helps you!

Answer:

no

Explanation:

because their harmful to the body for example can cause disease such cholara

This means that eating food that contains little or no anti-biotics  for a long time will encourage rapid growth of microbes in the gut.

The mix of microbes in your gut can affect how well you use and store energy from food. In laboratory experiments, transferring bacteria from certain obese mice to normal ones led to increased fat in the normal mice. Blaser and his colleagues are concerned that changes in our microbiome early in life may contribute to weight problems later.

An estimated 30% of bacteria are disease causing pathogens. According to health care experts, infectious diseases caused by microbes are responsible for more deaths worldwide than any other single cause.  It is estimated that, at beginning of the 20th century, more than half the people who ever lived died from smallpox, caused by a virus, or malaria, caused by a protozoan.   Bacteria, too, have been the cause of some of the most deadly and widespread diseases in human history.   Bacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, typhus, plague, diphtheria, typhoid fever, cholera, dysentery, and pneumonia have taken a huge toll on humanity.

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The correct answer is B. The student generated a 102 initial dilution, and plate counts 165 and 16 indicate that improper technique took place during the dilution series.

To determine the initial dilution, we need to look at the dilution factor of the last two plates. The last two plates were both 1:10 dilutions, which means that they were both diluted by a factor of 10. Therefore, the initial dilution was 10 x 10 x 10 = 10^3 or 1000.

This means that the student added 0.1g of soil to 100ml of sterile water to make the initial dilution. Therefore, answer choices A, C, D, and E are all incorrect because they list incorrect initial dilutions. Only answer choice B lists the correct initial dilution of 10^2, but we also need to consider the plate counts.

Plate counts are the number of colonies that grow on the agar plates, and they can indicate whether there was too much or too little bacteria in the sample. Plate counts that are too high or too low can indicate that the student made a mistake during the dilution series.

In this case, the plate counts are 165 and 16, which is a difference of 10-fold. This means that there was a problem with the dilution series because there should not be such a large difference in the number of colonies between two consecutive dilutions. Therefore, we can conclude that improper technique took place during the dilution series.

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A population of $exually reproducing organisms is likely to be more adaptable to new environments than those that can only reproduce a$exually.

During $exual reproductions, genes are recombined. In other words, new genetic combinations are formed.

The more genetically variant a population is, the more the chances of the population surviving changes to the environment.

This is unlike an a$exually reproducing population. They lack genetic variation and this can make them poorly adaptable to changing environmental conditions.

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Answer:

i think the 3rd one

Explanation:

The origin is the term for the site where the muscle attaches that does not move when the muscle contracts.

It's simple to believe that muscle is muscle, and that the tissues in hearts, tongues, and arms are essentially the same. Mammalian bodies, however, are composed of three distinct muscle types: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. Organs including our skin, blood arteries, and digestive tracts are made up of smooth muscles. The heart's muscles are called cardiac muscles. Despite how amazing and sophisticated these tissues are, the skeletal muscles are what carry out the bulk of the work.

The muscles that are a part of the skeletal system are known as skeletal muscles. They are voluntary muscles, as opposed to the hearts and stomachs, and one has cognitive control over them.

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We select the essential traits of a number of other traits to create a hierarchy of classification. By deciding on the fundamental characteristic, living things a large scale because the subsequent level .

As suggested by the name, databases used in hierarchical database systems contain records that are organised in a parent-child and tree-like form. For a single parent node, there may be one or even many child nodes. Yet, a child node can only have single parent node.

Corporate cultures that follow a rigorous hierarchy and where decisions are taken at the top-down are known as hierarchical cultures. It is built on an organisational chart with distinct lines of authority, communication, and accountability that prioritises some positions above others.

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Both sympathetic stimulation and epinephrine stimulation of the SA node will increase the heart rate. The correct answer is option (d).

The SA (sinoatrial) node generates an energetic signal that causes the above courage chambers (atria) to contract. The signal, therefore, passes through the AV (atrioventricular) bud to the lower courage chambers (ventricles), provoking bureaucracy to contract, or push. The SA bud is deliberately the leader of the essence. The SA node sets the rate and beat of your pulse. 2. The SA node fires a drive.

The amount of times your soul beats presently is popular as your heart rate. Your physique regulates your heart rate generally to fit what you repeat or what's continuing about you. Because of this, your heart rate increases at times of endeavor, incitement, or fear and decreases all along with opportunities for rest, peacefulness, or comfort.

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The term "amorphous" is not used to describe bacterial cell shape.

The term "amorphous" means without a defined shape or form. It is used to describe substances that do not have a crystalline structure or shape. Based on the definition of "amorphous" and bacterial cell shape, it is clear that the term "amorphous" is not used to describe bacterial cell shape.

The shape of a bacteria cell is largely determined by the arrangement of its cell wall, which is made up of peptidoglycan layers. This arrangement dictates the overall contour of the cell - hence why bacterial cells come in very distinct shapes. A spherical shape is far less common, as it would require the cell wall to form into a perfect ball - something that it seldom achieves. This is why there is no proper term to describe a spherical shape for bacteria.

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Complete question is :

what term is not used to describe bacterial cell shape?

1. The disease wherein plaques of fats, calcium, and other chemicals form in an artery wall thus narrowing the lumen of the vessel is called atherosclerosis.

2. When a coronary artery becomes full of plaque, oxygen delivery to the functional tissue of the heart which is called myocardium, is decreased. This may result in a heart attack.

3. If cells become starved of oxygen, they die. Chemicals released from dying cells stimulate nociceptors (pain receptors) and create chest pain which is a common characteristic of heart attack, which is called angina pectoris.

4. Arterial blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. Blood pressure measurements consist of 2 numbers such as 120 mm Hg/80 mm Hg: the first number is systolic pressure and it is caused by the force of blood against the artery walls when the ventricles are contracting.

5. The second number in arterial blood pressure is diastolic pressure and it is caused by the force of blood against the artery walls when the ventricles are relaxed.

6. If an adult at rest consistently has blood pressure which measures higher than about 140/90 mm Hg, s/he is diagnosed with the disease called hypertension AKA high blood pressure (HBP).

7. About 1 in 3 adults in the United States has HBP. A person can have it for years without experiencing any signs or symptoms, thus this disease is sometimes called the "silent" killer.

8. Blood flows through the heart in one direction due to the presence of two sets of valves in the heart: atrioventricular valves close when the ventricles contract, thus preventing backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria.

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Answer:

In osmosis, molecules cross the cell's plasma membrane to achieve equilibrium.

Explanation:

A bilipid layer called a plasma membrane typically surrounds cells. Here, lipid molecules are arranged tail-to-tail, with their heads facing outwards. The heads of the lipids, are water soluble, while the tails are insoluble. Proteins and cholesterol also help maintain membrane fluidity.

With the use of its transport proteins, pores and gated channels, embedded among the lipids the membrane maintains its concentration of substances through selective permeability.

Simple diffusion occurs in cells through plasma membranes as a means of passive transport. In osmosis, molecules of water move across the membrane, down their concentration gradient- i.e. they try to balance their concentration or number of water particles.

The water particles move from regions of high concentration to regions of low water concentration. Typically these 'destinations' or regions have large amounts of solute which contributes to the formation of this gradient.

Answer:

oxygen gas

Explanation:

Answer:

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) causes 265 times as much warming and methane causes 28 times as much warming.

Explanation:

Some greenhouse gases cause more warming than others.  Compared with carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) causes 23,500 times as much warming and tetrafluoromethane (PFC-14), which is used as a refrigerant and in electronics, causes 6,630 times as much warming.   HFC-152a, which is used as a refrigerant and in aerosol sprays causes 128 times as much warming. Some greenhouse gases cause more warming than others.

Also known as menstrual cramps or dysmenorrhoea, menstrual pain varies in intensity and sensation from person to person. It is usually felt as pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen, but the pain can also radiate to the lower back and thighs.

Period cramps can resemble other muscle spasms, such as, Leg cramps. They may be characterized by a similar gripping or tightening feel. Some people describe menstrual cramps as similar to abdominal pain or indigestion.

Pain can be localized in the lower abdomen, as can discomfort associated with digestive problems. The sensation of menstrual pain is often described as a dull, throbbing, or cramping pain.

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Answer:

eph and sap and glm assessment and theory books

Answer:

life is what it means to exist.

Explanation:

Imagine if a tree fell in the middle of the forest and no one was there to hear it. Did it make noise? And if an entire universe unfolded and then died leaving no trace, and no life, no organism, ever saw it, did it even ever exist? Life is what it means to exist, if there's no life, then there's no existence.

The bottleneck capacity in this scenario is 10 candidates per hour. This means that even if the other activities (A and B) can process candidates at a faster rate, the overall process will be limited by the capacity of Activity C.

The term "bottleneck" refers to a point in a process where the flow of activity is constrained, causing a slowdown or inefficiency. In this context, the question asks about the bottleneck capacity in candidates per hour.

To determine the bottleneck capacity, we need to consider the activity that has the slowest rate of completion or the longest time per candidate. Let's say we have three activities: A, B, and C, each taking a different amount of time to complete one candidate.

Activity A takes 5 minutes per candidate, Activity B takes 4 minutes per candidate, and Activity C takes 6 minutes per candidate.

To find the bottleneck capacity, we need to identify the activity that takes the longest time per candidate. In this case, it is Activity C, which takes 6 minutes per candidate.

Now, we can calculate the bottleneck capacity in candidates per hour. Since there are 60 minutes in an hour, we can divide 60 minutes by the time per candidate for the bottleneck activity:

60 minutes / 6 minutes per candidate = 10 candidates per hour



It's important to note that the bottleneck capacity can vary depending on the specific activities and their respective time per candidate. In this case, we used the given times for Activities A, B, and C as an example.

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Nucleosomes are formed when DNA wraps c. 1.7 times around the histone octamer in a left-handed coil. The correct answer is (c) 1.7, left-handed.

Nucleosomes are basic units of DNA packaging in eukaryotic cells, which help maintain and protect the structure of the DNA molecule. They are made up of a nucleosome core, which is formed of DNA that is wrapped around a core of eight histone proteins that are arranged in a characteristic octamer shape. They are essential for the regulation of gene expression and DNA replication within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

When DNA wraps around histones, it forms nucleosomes. The wrapping of DNA around histones is the basic mechanism of packaging DNA in eukaryotic cells. The nucleosome core is formed when DNA is wrapped around the histone octamer in a left-handed coil, completing approximately 1.7 turns around the octamer. This leads to the formation of a nucleosome particle, which is a fundamental repeating unit of chromatin. The compacting of DNA into nucleosomes allows it to fit into the nucleus of the cell, which is essential for gene regulation and DNA replication.

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Answer: i belive the answer is C

Explanation: i done my research

Based on the information we can infer that they are all labeled correctly.

To identify the elements that are well labeled we must rely on a physical map of Eastern Europe. There we can find these sites and their location. In this case we can infer that all the elements are labeled in the place corresponding to their real location, so they are all correct.

According to the above, neither of the options is correct. So, we have to add an option with this information: E. All are labeled correctly.

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Answer:

fufjfbtjfifigugxfzdyñdydydy

These speculations are based on the understanding that the lac repressor binds to the operator DNA sequence to inhibit transcription of the lac operon in the absence of lactose, and that specific amino acid residues in the repressor are crucial for its binding and regulatory function.

(a) The two types of constitutive mutations are likely found in:
  - Promoter region: Mutations in the promoter region of the lac operon can result in constitutive expression, causing the operon to be continuously transcribed and translated.
  - Operator region: Mutations in the operator region can prevent the binding of the lac repressor protein, leading to constitutive expression of the operon.
(b) The constitutive mutation resulting in the elimination of all expression, even in the presence of lactose, is likely to be more commonly isolated. This is because the lac repressor protein, when functional, acts as a negative regulator and prevents expression of the lac operon in the absence of lactose. Mutations that disrupt the binding or function of the repressor can lead to constitutive expression.
(c) The rare class of constitutive repressor mutants that fall within the repressor coding sequence and are dominant suggests that these mutations cause a structural change in the repressor protein. This change likely affects its ability to bind to the lac operator effectively. The mutations might alter key amino acid residues involved in DNA binding or protein-protein interactions, disrupting the normal conformation of the repressor and preventing it from properly binding to the operator sequence. As a result, the repressor is unable to inhibit the expression of the lac operon, even in the presence of lactose.


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Answer: their population was affected

Explanation:

If your patient complains of pain in the epigastric region, the likely source of the pain would be the stomach.

The epigastric region is located in the upper part of the abdomen, between the costal margins, and below the subcostal plane. It contains a number of important organs including the liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, and duodenum. Out of all these organs, the stomach is the most likely source of pain in the epigastric region as it is located centrally and commonly associated with epigastric pain.

The stomach is a muscular organ located between the esophagus and the small intestine. It plays a vital role in the digestion of food by grinding and mixing it with gastric juice which contains hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes.

The stomach also regulates the release of food into the small intestine, where it is further digested and absorbed. Pain in the epigastric region is often associated with conditions like gastritis, peptic ulcers, acid reflux, and inflammation of the pancreas or gallbladder.

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The term that matches the definition is "reciprocal crosses". Reciprocal crosses involve switching the male and female parents in a breeding experiment to determine if the inheritance of a particular trait is influenced by the sex of the parent.

This is important because certain genes may be passed down differently depending on whether they come from the male or female parent. By performing reciprocal crosses, scientists can determine if a trait is inherited in a sex-linked or sex-limited manner.
As for the other terms, "self-fertilization" refers to the process in which a plant fertilizes itself with its own pollen. "Cross fertilize" refers to the process in which the pollen from one plant fertilizes the ovule of another plant. "Monohybrid crosses" are breeding experiments in which individuals with different alleles for a single trait are crossed. Finally, "artificial selection" refers to the process of selecting and breeding individuals with desirable traits in order to produce offspring with those traits.
Overall, understanding these terms is important in genetics and breeding experiments as they help scientists understand how traits are inherited and can be manipulated.

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Answer:

The answer is B

Explanation:

They are submerged underwater at high tide and directly exposed to the sun at low tide.

Because they are submerged underwater at high tide and directly exposed to the sun at low tide Therefore, option (B) is the correct answer.

Intertidal zones are areas that are exposed to the air at low tide and submerged underwater at high tide. These areas are found along the coastlines of oceans, seas, and other bodies of water. The movement of the tides is caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and the sun, which cause the water level in the oceans to rise and fall.

At high tide, the water level is at its highest and the intertidal zone is completely submerged underwater. At low tide, the water level is at its lowest and the intertidal zone is exposed to the air. As a result, the intertidal zone can experience rapid changes in temperature and humidity as it is alternately exposed to the sun and submerged in water.

The organisms that live in intertidal zones are adapted to these extreme conditions and are able to survive the frequent changes in temperature and humidity. Some species are able to tolerate long periods of exposure to the air, while others are able to survive prolonged periods of submersion in water. The unique conditions of the intertidal zone provide a rich habitat for a variety of plant and animal species.

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Planting trees on sites where forests have indeed been cleared can help restore ecosystems that have been harmed. Motivate people to lead environmentally friendly lives.

This rainforest canopy is protected through selective logging for mature trees and subsequent replacement. So because younger trees are given more room and sunshine to grow, this strategy enables the forest to regenerate. A new tree is always planted for every one that is cut down thanks to planned and regulated logging.

As you can see from the adaptations listed below, plants can survive in the jungle. Although having roots in the earth, lianas are woody vines that climbed up trees to catch the light. In the canopy, their blossoms or leaves grow. Trees may reach the sun because of their tall, slender trunks.

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Muscles are named based on various criteria, such as their shape, function, attachment points, or location in the body.

Here are three examples of muscle names based on location:

1. Pectoralis major: This muscle is located in the chest area and is responsible for moving the arms across the body, as well as other actions such as pushing and pulling.

2. Gluteus maximus: This muscle is located in the buttocks and is one of the largest muscles in the body.

It helps to extend and rotate the hip joint and supports the body in an upright position.

3. Tibialis anterior: This muscle is located in the front of the lower leg and is responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot, which means lifting the foot upward and toward the shin.

It also helps to invert the foot, or turn it inward.

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