Current analysis indicates that less than 2 \% of the human genome codes for proteins. Based on the systems approach employed by the ENCODE project, what percentage of the genome is estimated to be transcribed at some point in at least one cell type? a. less than 2 \% b. about 50 \% c. about 75 \% d. 100 \%

Answer:

THANKS FOR THE POINTS I WILL USE IT

Explanation:

Mitochondria are organelles within eukaryotic cells which are believed to have originated from bacteria that entered primitive eukaryotic cells in a symbiotic relationship. According to the hypothesis, these bacteria were able to carry out aerobic respiration, a function the primitive eukaryotic cells could not. This is because the mitochondria provide the cell with a more efficient way of generating energy, as aerobic respiration uses oxygen to break down food molecules and produce ATP, which is used for energy.

The establishment of the symbiotic relationship between bacteria and eukaryotic cells was beneficial to both, as the bacteria were able to survive in the cell and the primitive eukaryotic cells were able to receive the ATP they could not produce. As the relationship progressed, the bacteria became the mitochondria, and over time, the mitochondria were integrated further into the cells, leading to a more efficient cell structure.

Additionally, mitochondria also provide the cell with an important by-product of aerobic respiration, NADH, which is an essential molecule used in cellular metabolism.

In summary, the bacteria that entered the primitive eukaryotic cells were able to carry out the function of aerobic respiration, which the primitive eukaryotic cells could not, as well as providing the cell with NADH, an important molecule used in cellular metabolism. This symbiotic relationship eventually led to the evolution of the mitochondria, which is now an essential organelle in eukaryotic cells.

For more such questions on Aerobic respiration.

https://brainly.com/question/12605249#

#SPJ11

Answer:

Any DNA, RNA, or protein sequences can be used to draw a phylogenetic tree. But DNA sequences are the most widely used.

Answer:

It is formed when the sandstone's quartz grains are fused from heat and pressure. Additionally, marble is soft while quartzite is hard and durable. Chemically, marble is composed of calcite while quartzite is not.

Explanation:

1) The correct answer is c. Radiation. The heat being let off from the bulb is in the form of thermal energy, which is transferred through electromagnetic waves, or radiation.

2) The correct answer is b. Conduction. The energy from the sun is transferred to the black top through radiation, but the heat causes the molecules within the black top to move through conduction, which is the transfer of heat through collisions between molecules.

3) The correct answer is b. Convection. Wind is created by the movement of air masses, which is driven by convection, the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (in this case, air).

4) The correct answer is a. Waves. Radiation is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, such as visible light, infrared radiation, and ultraviolet radiation.

5) As the Bunsen burner heats the test tube, the water molecules within the test tube begin to move faster and collide with one another, causing the temperature of the water to increase. This is an example of conduction, the transfer of heat through collisions between molecules. As the water near the bottom of the test tube is heated, it becomes less dense and begins to rise, while cooler water from the top of the test tube sinks down to take its place. This is an example of convection, the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids.

#SPJ1

The cells are short and flat which make they easy to layer and overlap and create a protective layer. thus option C is correct.

Primary skin cells of human or animal origin are extracted via the enzymatic and mechanical dissociation of dermal or epidermal tissue.

The cell of skin is short and flat.The shape of these cells enables a new barrier of three-way tight junction contacts to form between them and the neighboring cells in the stratum granulosum. After this barrier has formed, the upper cell leaves the stratum granulosum. thus option C is correct.

Learn more about skin cell here:

https://brainly.com/question/2263534

#SPJ1

Answer:

1

Explanation:

the material absords heat ( so the temperature increase or the heat can be use to increase kinetic energy)

increase its kinetic energy

The immune system protects your child's body from outside invaders, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and toxins (chemicals produced by microbes). It is made up of different organs, cells, and proteins that work together.

The activity of pepsin would gradually decreases when it is exposed to higher pH in the small intestine. This is because in higher pH the enzyme pepsin denatures.

The role of Pepsin in the stomach is determined by the fact that it serves to digest proteins found in ingested food. The Gastric chief cells typically secrete pepsin as an inactive zymogen called pepsinogen.

Parietal cells within the stomach lining effectively secrete hydrochloric acid that ultimately decreases the pH of the stomach. A low pH (1.5 to 2) activates pepsin.

It is thought that the role of pepsin is better played in the pH lies between 1.5-2. But when pepsin enters the region of the small intestine, the pH gradually increases and reaches 8. At this, the activity of pepsin is inhibited due to its denaturation.

Therefore, the activity of pepsin would gradually decrease when it is exposed to higher pH in the small intestine. This is because in higher pH the enzyme pepsin denatures.

To learn more about Pepsin, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/837935

#SPJ1

Answer:

Car 1 will roll down the ramp and exert a force on car 2. The force experienced by car 2 is measured indirectly using

the distance it travels

. If the force increases, car 2 will travel

farther

. The independent variable, or what’s being manipulated in the experiment, is

the type of bumper attached to car 2

. The dependent variable, or what’s responding, is

the distance car 2 travels

. The height and starting position on the ramp are constants in this experiment.

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct order of protein production is:

c) 1,2,4,3

Ribosome: Protein synthesis begins in the ribosomes, which are located either in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Endoplasmic Reticulum: After the initial stages of protein synthesis in the ribosomes, the newly synthesized protein is transported into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for further processing and modification.

Golgi Apparatus: The proteins synthesized in the ER undergo further processing and modifications in the Golgi apparatus. This includes sorting, packaging, and modifying the proteins to their final functional forms.

Secretory Vesicles: Once the proteins are properly processed and modified in the Golgi apparatus, they are packaged into secretory vesicles. These vesicles transport the proteins to their destination, such as the plasma membrane for secretion outside the cell.

Therefore, the correct order is 1, 2, 4, 3.

Answer:

The correct order of protein production is ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles. So the correct answer would be c) 1,2,4,3.

Many proteins destined for the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, the plasma membrane, and secretion from the cell are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi apparatus then distributes these proteins and lipids that it receives from the ER.

Answer:

Omnivores

Explanation:

Omnivores, which feed on both plants and animals, can be considered as being both primary and secondary consumers.

Answer:

An organism cannot serve as both a main consumer and a secondary consumer at the same time in an ecological food web.

Explanation:

A primary consumer, usually referred to as a herbivore, consumes other producers such as plants directly. In a food chain or web, they are located on the second trophic level.

While a secondary consumer feeds on primary consumers. In a food chain or web, they are located on the third trophic level.

Each creature normally resides in a certain trophic level, which indicates its place in the movement of nutrients and energy through the ecosystem. An organism cannot occupy the primary consumer and secondary consumer levels at the same time, even if it can travel up or down the food chain/web by consuming other creatures

So, no organism can serve as both primary consumer and secondary consumer.

To know more questions related food chain follow the link below

https://brainly.com/question/33135082

Answer:

Nephrotic syndrome (also called nephrosis) happens when your kidneys start losing large amounts of protein in your urine. As your kidneys get worse, extra fluids and salt build up in your body. This causes you to have swelling (edema), high blood pressure and higher levels of cholesterol.

Explanation:

Answer:

i think the answer is bipolar

1. This statement is not true because estuaries are actually formed by a combination of factors, including tides, currents, and river flow, not just increased sedimentation due to low wave energy.

2. This statement is true. Plant-dominated ecosystems, such as salt marshes and mangroves, can thrive in areas with both high and low wave energies, depending on the specific conditions and adaptations of the plant species present.

Answer:

I think option A is right answer

because fishes fins are helps in motion

Answer:

The answer is A

Explanation:

According to the film Ghost of Your Genes, the studies about the agouti gene in mice tells us that epigenetics change resulting from the environment may cause changes in the mice phenotypes and characteristics.

Epigenetics by definition is the study of how behaviors and environment can cause changes affecting the way your genes work. Epigenetics change do not alter DNA sequence, but rather only change how body reads DNA sequence.

In the agouti mice experiment, mice which are identical in their DNA, by changing their epigenetics and exposing them to different environment, they can appear entirely different in their phenotypes such as size, colour, and appearance. One may appear small and brown, while other may appear yellowish and fat.

To learn more about epigenetics visit: https://brainly.com/question/14293014

#SPJ4

Seismic waves go faster through S waves than through P waves.

1. Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the Earth's interior, primarily generated by earthquakes or other geological disturbances.

2. There are two main types of seismic waves: P waves (primary waves) and S waves (secondary waves).

3. P waves are compressional waves that travel by compressing and expanding the material they pass through. They can travel through solids, liquids, and gases.

4. S waves, on the other hand, are shear waves that move particles perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. They can only travel through solids.

5. The speed of seismic waves depends on the properties of the material they pass through. Generally, P waves travel faster than S waves.

6. However, when seismic waves encounter a boundary between different materials, their speeds can change. In some cases, S waves may travel faster than P waves through certain materials.

7. This phenomenon occurs because the elasticity and density of the materials affect the speed of the waves. The specific properties of the materials at a given location determine how seismic waves will propagate through them.

8. In most cases, S waves travel at about 60% to 70% of the speed of P waves. This speed difference is one of the factors that seismologists use to analyze seismic data and determine the nature of the Earth's interior.

9. By studying the arrival times and characteristics of P and S waves at different seismic stations, scientists can gain valuable insights into the structure and composition of the Earth's layers.

10. Therefore, it is accurate to state that seismic waves go faster through S waves than through P waves, as long as we consider their relative speeds within a specific material or medium.

For more such questions on Seismic waves , click on:

https://brainly.com/question/16977343

#SPJ8

Answer: The needs of the living things within the ecosystem.

Explanation: Carrying capacity for an ecosystem means the amount of organisms an ecosystem can carry.  If the ecosystem overpopulates with a certain species, it decreases the biodiversity of the entire ecosystem.  A main factor that the carrying capacity of an ecosystem is limited by is the needs of the living things in that ecosystem.  If that ecosystem overpopulates, every species in that ecosystem will compete to meet the needs of their own, whether it's food, water, or shelter.

Hope this helps! :)

The bacterial genera streptomyces, mycobacterium, pseudomonas, bacillus, and clostridium are all involved in the process of nitrogen fixation that is important for plant growth and ecosystem health.

Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting the environmental nitrogen into usable forms by the plants. This is done by the legumes of the plants as well as the various nitrogen fixing microorganisms. biological fixation of nitrogen is the major process through which nitrogen is fixed.

Ecosystem is comprised of the abiotic and biotic factors of an area existing by being interdependent one each other. The abiotic factors are the rocks, soil, temperature, wind, sunlight, etc.

To know more about ecosystem, here

brainly.com/question/13979184

#SPJ4

Answer: The recycling of. NAD+ allows glycolysis to continue. The products of this process are two molecules of an alcohol, often ethyl alcohol, two molecules of carbon dioxide, and two molecules of NAD+. Just like lactic acid fermentation, alcoholic fermentation recycles NAD+ and so allows glycolysis to keep making ATP.

I hope this helps! Good luck!

Answer:

Mary's genotype must be IAi while John's must be IBi. When the gametes met up at each conception, Joan got ii, James got IAi, and Pete got IBi.

Explanation:

The food that has the highest percentage of water by weight is watermelon. This food has about 92% of its weight being water. What is dehydration? Dehydration is a situation where there is not enough water in the body or a lack of fluids.

Dehydration can lead to many problems, such as severe illnesses and even death in extreme cases. A nurse is discussing the risk of dehydration with a client that needs to increase his daily intake. The food that has the highest percentage of water by weight is watermelon. It has about 92% of its weight being water. Therefore, it is a great food to consume for rehydration and increasing daily water intake. Other foods that contain high water by-weight percentages include cucumber, lettuce, celery, and tomatoes. These foods can help with hydration and provide other essential nutrients that are necessary for maintaining good health.

Learn more about dehydration here: https://brainly.com/question/29655269

#SPJ11

Answer: Shrimp are Phylum Arthropoda,

               Butterflies are arthropod phylum

              Scorpions are subphylum Chelicerata

              Centipedes are phylum Arthropoda

Explanation: (^-^)

A keystone species is one that has a disproportionate impact on its ecosystem when compared to its abundance. A foundation species is usually a primary producer that dominates an ecosystem in abundance and influence.

Answer:

D) The process by which new minerals form as a result of precipitation from an aqueous solution

The option that is not a general function of the nervous system is A. That is, transporting materials throughout the body.

The nervous system is made up of structures that coordinates organisms behaviour and transmits signals between different body areas.

The parts of the nervous system include:

These two parts of the nervous system work together to bring about the following:

But the cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting materials throughout the body.

Learn more here:

https://brainly.com/question/12553062

Complete question:

Which is not a general function of the nervous system?

A. Transporting materials throughout the body

B. Collecting information

C. Processing and evaluating information

D. Responding to information

E. No exception; all are general functions of the nervous system

The 12 mechanical parts of a microscope include objective lenses, eyepiece, diaphragm,stage etc. Following are the 12 mechanical parts:

1. Eyepiece: This is the part that you look through to see the magnified specimen.
2. Body Tube: This is the tube that connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses.
3. Revolving Nosepiece: This is the part that holds the objective lenses and allows you to switch between them.
4. Objective Lenses: These are the lenses that magnify the specimen.
5. Stage: This is the platform that holds the specimen.
6. Stage Clips: These are the clips that hold the specimen in place on the stage.
7. Diaphragm: This is the part that controls the amount of light that reaches the specimen.
8. Light Source: This is the part that illuminates the specimen.
9. Base: This is the part that supports the entire microscope.
10. Arm: This is the part that connects the base to the body tube.
11. Coarse Adjustment Knob: This is the knob that moves the stage up and down to bring the specimen into focus.
12. Fine Adjustment Knob: This is the knob that makes small adjustments to the focus of the specimen.

To learn more about microscopes:

https://brainly.com/question/18661784#

#SPJ11

Culture has a significant impact on biology, including the ways in which people interact with one another, their lifestyles, and the foods they eat. Culture, in general, is a term that encompasses all human behavior patterns and social norms, which include things like language, traditions, beliefs, and customs.

culture molds or defines biology:

One of the keyways that culture molds or defines biology is through dietary practices and patterns. For example, many cultures have specific dietary guidelines and restrictions that are followed to ensure good health. In India, for example, vegetarianism is very common due to religious beliefs. Another example is the Japanese culture that places a strong emphasis on consuming fresh and minimally processed foods like fish, vegetables, and rice. These dietary practices have a profound impact on biology, including physical growth and development, cognitive function, and overall health and well-being. Another way culture molds biology is through behavior and lifestyle choices. For instance, in many Western cultures, it is common to sit for extended periods, which can lead to issues such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. In contrast, in many African and Asian cultures, individuals tend to be more active and engage in more physical labor, which can contribute to better overall health and lower disease rates. Other examples of culture affecting biology include reproductive behavior, attitudes towards mental health, and the use of natural remedies and medicines.

know more about biology.

https://brainly.com/question/28405832

#SPJ11