dr. gavin is conducting a study to examine the effects of two different teaching methods on math assignment performance. dr. gazine is using an independent groups-pretest/posttest design, but they are concerned about practice effects/testing threats. what could they do to reduce testing threats?
Answers
Dr. Grazine should add a comparison group , use alternative forms of the test for reducing the testing threats .
What are test threats?
Taking the pretest (not getting the program) affects how participants perform on the posttest. This refers to the extent to which studies can rule out findings or provide alternative explanations that are unlikely. Influences other than the independent variables that may explain the findings of a study are called threats to internal validity.
Why do tests jeopardize internal validity?Attrition bias is a threat to internal validity. In experiments, different rates of reduction between treatment and control groups can skew the results. This bias can affect the relationship between independent and dependent variables. You can make variables appear to be correlated when they are not, and vice versa.
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Related Questions
Access to the new media has given people more power to challenge existing power structures.’
Evaluate this view.
Answers
Answer:
Social media has not only changing the ways people communication, it also has ability to redistribute the power, especially among governments and citizens. Nowadays, with the development of social networking, the power of changing the world is not only the leaders, according to a study from HAVAS GLOBAL COMMS (2013), the single greatest “agent of change” is “the people, empowered by social media”. Social media effect on political sphere by shifting who controls the information, how to distribute that information and how it be changed.
Before the social media era, people are just passive accept the information from government, their opinions are not easy to express. In the traditional media world, it only can use mass media as the way to carry out one-to-many information. Corporations, governments or other groups controlled the information conveyed with laws or sometimes “simply by owning the means of distribution” (Bennett, 2011). The owner of the information has the ability to control what the information is transmitted and how the information is framed.
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In what ways has the Columbian Exchange impacted the state of Georgia?
Answers
How many articles does the Georgia Constitution have? 7 11 21 27?
Answers
Answer:
eleven Articles
Explanation:
Articles of the Constitution. The Constitution consists of a Preamble and eleven Articles.
B.) 11
_______________
1John 4:15
field interviews provide an opportunity for an officer to obtain information from a suspect because of the spontaneity and lack of preparation. interviews conducted in the field differ from formalized interviews or interrogations because of the lack of preparation. however, all three are conducted for the same purpose. which of the following describes the common purpose of field interviews, formalized interviews, and interrogations?
Answers
The common purpose of field interviews, formalized interviews, and interrogations is to gather information from individuals who may have relevant knowledge or involvement in a crime or investigation.
While the lack of preparation in field interviews may allow for more spontaneous and potentially valuable information to be obtained, all three types of interviews aim to gather information and evidence to aid in the investigation and potential prosecution of a crime. The differences between the types of interviews lie in their setting, level of formality, and the specific techniques and strategies used by the officer conducting the interview. Regardless of the type of interview, the goal remains the same: to gather information and evidence that can assist in solving a crime and bringing justice to the parties involved.
Field interviews, formalized interviews, and interrogations all share the common purpose of gathering information and evidence from a suspect or witness. This is achieved through direct questioning or conversation in a structured or informal setting. The spontaneity and lack of preparation in field interviews may elicit more candid responses, while formalized interviews and interrogations offer a controlled environment that allows for deeper probing and analysis. Ultimately, all three methods aim to collect valuable information to aid in the investigation, clarify facts, and potentially solve the case at hand.
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Discuss the effects of the hard lockdown on Eskoms operations ?
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The effects of hard lockdown on Eskom operations were noted as decreased consumption of electricity, which allows for performing urgently required short-term maintenance.
What were Eskoms operations?In Eskom operations, it discusses how the South African Electricity Supply Commission operates.
Parliamentary committees left the officials in Pretoria when a strict lockdown was imposed on Escom's operations in South Africa.
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Why do you think most teenagers see less danger in regular drinking than in the regular use of drugs and cigarettes ?
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Answer:
It's likely due to the fact that drinking has been normalized more in society. It's shown more in media teenagers consume than other dangerous products. They also see adults in their lives engage in drinking much more often than they see them do drugs or smoke.
Write the inspection as well as the step approach could be used to find the greatest common divisor.
Answers
Each number must first be broken down into its prime factorization, after which all the factors that the two numbers share may be identified. Combine these and multiply approach.
The largest common divisor is the outcome. There are three ways to find the largest common factor of two or more natural numbers: listing out the common factors, prime factorization, and division method. To calculate the GCF, divide and multiply the results for each technique. Simply factor the two polynomials in their entirety to determine the GCD of the pair. Next, calculate the sum of all common components. We may not now have a monic polynomial, thus we must ultimately multiply this by a constant to convert it to one. The largest common factor The largest positive integer number that divides all the numbers in the set evenly and leaves no residual is known as the (also known as greatest common factor, highest common divisor, or highest common factor) of a set of numbers approach.
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Which of the following statements best describes the situation in Germany following World War II?
A.
Germany unified after Hitler and the Nazis were defeated.
B.
Germany split into two separate states: East Germany and West Germany.
C.
Germany separated into many provinces with no central government.
D.
Germany formed a republic of 26 states with elected representatives.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided.
A
B
C
D
Answers
Answer:
B. Germany split into two separate states: East Germany and West Germany.
In 2008, the u. S. Supreme court declared that the second amendment protects:.
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Answer:
In the 2008 case District of Columbia v. Heller, the Supreme Court held that the "Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess a firearm unconnected with service in a militia, and to use that arm for traditionally lawful purposes, such as self-defense within the home.
why does byron stop larry dunn from giving kenny a super maytag
Answers
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron FRS, known simply as Lord Byron, was an English romantic poet and peer.
Who is Lord Byron?Lord Byron, sometimes known as George Gordon Byron, was an English romantic poet as well as a peer. He was the sixth Baron Byron, FRS. He is recognized as one of the finest English poets and was a key figure in the Romantic movement.
The poetry and demeanor of Lord Byron, a British Romantic poet, and satire, captivated Europe. He gained fame with the autobiographical poetry Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (1812–18), as well as through his numerous relationships, but now he is perhaps best remembered for the satirical realism of Don Juan (1819–24).
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How did trade on the Silk Road help to cause the Renaissance?
a
Armies from Europe were able to defeat the Mongols.
b
Italian cities on the trade routes to the East became wealthy.
c
Ideas of Chinese philosophers became popular in the West.
d
Merchants paid painters to paint them in fine new silk clothes
Answers
ideas of Chinese philosophers become popular in the west
Giving bonus points for this one
Answers
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
They issued pensions to the elderly.
The first option isn't correct because the government CREATED state jobs, to help with unemployment.
The second option isn't correct because the government DID ISSUE pensions to unemployed people.
The third option IS correct because the government DIDN'T ISSUE pensions to the elderly.
The fourth option isn't correct because the government DID open several programs to he the people.
. What is arable land?
i) Favourable topography of soil and climate which are not vital for agricultural activity
ii) Favourable topography of soil and climate are vital for agricultural activity and the land on
which the crops are grown.
iii) Favourable topography of soil and climate vital for tertiary activity.
iv) Not favourable topography of soil and climate are vital for agricultural activity.
Answers
Answer:
let me help u
Explanation:
stop using brainly to get free answers study next time now have a great night
In a paragraph, explain how the industries that developed in the region late in the 1900s were different from those of earlier times.
Answers
The industries that developed in the Northeastern region in the late 1900s were different from those of earlier times as they were service-oriented.
What industries developed in the Northeast in the late 1900s?As the world increasingly switched to the digital age in the late 1900s, the Northeastern part of the United States embraced it.
Industries that offered digital services began to crop up and this was different from industries in the past as those ones were mostly centered on the production of goods and not the provision of services.
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I need to compare things from the movies in the 1980s to things from movies in 2022!! Can anyone help me :))))
Answers
Answer:
an iconic image of cinema C1980 would be the smoking actor and actress. one could study the reduction (increase?) in these images for 2020'$
Societies that are characterized by groups of people linked by age, gift exchanges, or marriage, a lack of central government, leadership roles that are open to everyone, and an egalitarian set of values are
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Answer:Which of the following societies can be categorized as egalitarian societies?
Band societies and tribal societies generally are considered egalitarian—there is no great difference in status or power between individuals and there are as many valued status positions in the societies as there are persons able to fill them.
Explanation:
What is the purpose of the cabinet?
Answers
Answer:
To help advise the president in all his duties. It's made up of his most trusted people/advisors. Also Department heads
Explanation:
Answer:
Their primary role is as an official advisory council to the head of government. In this way, the President aquires opinions and advice relating to future decisions.
In the general population, approximately ________ percent of people have specific fears severe enough to be diagnosed as phobias.
Answers
In the general population, approximately 8 percent of people have specific fears severe enough to be diagnosed as phobias.
Phobias are irrational, intense, and persistent fears of particular objects, scenarios, or situations that interfere with everyday life. For instance, a phobia of dogs can make it challenging to leave the house. Phobias are usually classified into three categories: specific phobias, social anxiety disorder (social phobia), and agoraphobia. A specific phobia is an excessive or irrational fear of a specific thing or circumstance that creates considerable anxiety or distress. The phobic object or scenario is usually avoided or tolerated with extreme distress.
Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) is characterized by extreme anxiety in social settings, such as speaking in public, eating in public, or meeting new individuals. In social situations, people with social phobia are concerned that they may do something to embarrass or humiliate themselves.
Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by intense anxiety and avoidance of situations or environments that are difficult to escape from or in which assistance is not readily available if a panic attack occurs. Agoraphobia may make it challenging to leave one's house or to be alone.
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Supply and Demand
In the Chapter 4 Exercises section, complete the matching and multiple-choice questions.
Supply and Demand
Read this assignment. Then read Chapter 4 in your textbook.
What Are the Laws of Supply and Demand?
Demand is the amount of a good or service that buyers are willing and able to purchase at any price. Price and demand have an inverse relationship, meaning that as price goes up, the amount demanded of the product goes down. This relationship is known as the law of demand.
Why does demand change in the opposite direction of price change?
At a lower price, people can afford to buy more of an item than they can at a higher price.
At lower prices, people tend to buy things as a substitute for something else.
When thinking about demand, make sure to consider opportunity cost. A lower price means a lower opportunity cost. A person is giving up less by deciding to use limited resources on a cheap product; therefore, more people demand that product.
Another reason for the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded is a concept known as the law of diminishing marginal utility. Utility is an economic term for the enjoyment or usefulness a person gets out of making a decision or consuming a product. As you consume more and more of a specific good, your enjoyment of that good tends to decrease with each additional good consumed. For example, a person may greatly enjoy the first slice of pizza he or she eats, still enjoy the second slice (if to a lesser degree), and as he or she begins filling up on pizza, enjoy the third slice least of the three. Because of this diminishing enjoyment, prices need to be lower before the second or third or fourth items are bought and consumed.
The rate with which quantity demands changes in reaction to a price change will vary, depending on the elasticity of demand of that product or service. Goods that are elastic will experience a large reaction to a change in price.
Supply is the amount of a good or service that’s offered up for sale at all prices. The law of supply states that more of an item will be offered for sale at a higher price than at a lower price. When you think about this law, it makes sense. Sellers want to maximize their profits, and if the price of a good increases, it's a good idea to offer more of that product for sale. An industry with higher prices may attract more businesses to join it.
Just like demand, supply may be elastic or inelastic. Elastic means a big reaction to a change in price, so inelastic means a small reaction to a change in price. An elastic supply means that the business or industry is in a position to quickly increase production in reaction to a price increase. An inelastic supply is one for which it's difficult to increase production, even with a large increase in price.
How Do Changes in Supply and Demand Affect Price?
Infographics show Nonprice factors affecting demand and Nonprice factors affecting supply.Nonprice Factors that Affect Supply and Demand
Up until now, we've looked at reaction to price change. This section deals with how the amount supplied and demanded might change regardless of price.
Be sure to read pages 57–59 of your textbook for an in-depth explanation of the non-price factors affecting supply and demand. With all other factors held constant, an increase in demand or a decrease in supply will result in a price increase. A decrease in demand or an increase in supply will result in a price decrease.
Why Are Prices Important in a Market Economy?
In a market economy, prices act as signals to buyers and sellers, encourage efficient production, and determine who will receive the items produced. Prices constantly fluctuate with changes in supply and demand and act as an indicator of what an economy feels the value of any given good or service should be. Read about the role of prices on pages 59–60 of your textbook.
Answers
In summary, the laws of supply and demand explain the relationship between price and demand.
How is this so?Demand changes inversely to price, as lower prices increase affordability and lower opportunity cost, leading to increased demand.
The law of diminishing marginal utility also plays a role, where the enjoyment or usefulness of a product decreases with each additional unit consumed.
Supply, on the other hand, increases with higher prices, as sellers seek to maximize profits. Elasticity of demand and supply determines the reaction to price changes.
Prices in a market economy serve as signals, promoting efficient production and allocating goods based on value.
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which section organizes assigns and supervises tactical response
Answers
Answer:
The Operations Section Chief
Directions: Read each of the following scenarios carefully. Determine which principle
of democracy is best exemplified in each situation. Type/write the name of the principle in the box provided.
ANSWER CHOICES
Popular sovereignty
Rule of law/limited government
Checks and balances
Judicial review
Separation of Powers
Federalism
Answers
Answer:
I don't know sorry search on
kit.ly
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what factors contributed to the spread of industrialization in europe and north america?
Answers
The rise of capitalism, European imperialism, efforts to mine coal, and the effects of the Agricultural Revolution are just a few of the factors that historians believe led to the Industrial Revolution.
Venetians were the Europeans who commanded high prices from the rest of Europe for goods imported from Asia. Northeast of Italy is where the city of Venice is situated. UNESCO designated this city a World Heritage Site because of its historical significance. Due to its strategic location, Venice, which was founded in the fifth century, steadily rose to prominence in Europe. They put a lot of emphasis on navigation, which helped it become the most significant city in the commercial sector. Venetian merchants were able to purchase goods from Asia and resell them to the rest of Europe at a much higher price thanks to the tight trading ties that Venice developed with China and India.
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what type of reinforcer is most likely to always be an effective reinforcer even if you have just had a lot of it: reinforcer.
Answers
A generalized reinforcer is one that has been created by combining many unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers.
What is generalized reinforcer?A generalized reinforces stimulus is one that has been associated with reinforcing stimuli and thus causes reinforcing effects. Furthermore, generalized conditioned stimuli are linked to a variety of other reinforcers. Because the stimulus represents different reinforces, their effectiveness is not dependent on a specific reinforce.A generalized reinforcer, on the other hand, does not have inherent reinforcing properties for the organism; rather, the organism learns about its reinforcing values through its association with a primary reinforcer. As a result, the generalized reinforcer frequently substitutes for or supplements the primary reinforcer.A secondary reinforcer is a stimulus that encourages a behavior after it has been linked to a primary reinforcer. Here are some examples: Giving your dog a treat while saying "good boy" provides him with both the primary stimulus of the treat and the secondary reinforcer of your vocal adulation.To learn more about generalized reinforcer refer to :
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Although Vikram Patel mainly focuses on how the SUNDAR model assists underdeveloped and developing countries, he states that his model would also be empowering in more developed countries. What does he mean by empowering? How does his idea offer empowerment to the community?
Answers
Answer:
SUNDAR model is an approach to build a collaborative heath care that integrates mental health and routine healthcare platforms.
Explanation:
Empowering in the model means giving power or support for a greater cause. The model states the idea of collaboration and collective functioning that is working together and attaining strength with the help of partnership and equally developing nations around the world.please help will give brainliest
Write an expository piece about an important historical or current event.
Answers
Answer:
ok thanks i will
Explanation:
im srry
Answer:
For the oldest Americans, the Silent and Greatest generations, 1 that unifying event is World War II. These men and women name the Second World War (44%) near the top of their list of important events, behind only 9/11 (59%). Similarly, the assassination of John F.
Explanation:
People make choices between needs and wants. A need is something a person must have to survive. A want is something a person desires but doesn’t require for survival. List a need that you have. List 2 wants that you have.
Answers
Answer:
A need that I have -- to eat food for survival. 2 of my wants can be wanting to have earrings, or a playstation. Those material items are nice to have, but they aren't necessary to survive.
As you read this section, pay very close attention to the material on Kurt Lewin's three-stage model of planned change. This will be an important base of knowledge for you to have in this unit. After reading this section, critically evaluate the reasons why concepts like "unfreezing" and inclusion can help to bring about change in an organization. Write your response in your journal in the form of an essay of 350-500 words.
Answers
The concepts of "unfreezing" and inclusion can play crucial roles in bringing about change in an organization.
Unfreezing refers to the process of creating awareness and breaking through existing beliefs and behaviors that hinder change. By challenging the status quo and promoting a sense of urgency, unfreezing allows individuals to embrace new ideas and perspectives.
Inclusion, on the other hand, fosters a collaborative and diverse environment where all voices are heard and valued.
This encourages participation, engagement, and a sense of ownership among employees, ultimately facilitating smoother change implementation.
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Why are historical experiences and geographic factors important to American society?
They show why Americans are better than Europeans in many ways.
They have divided Americans into various cultures based on where they live.
They have influenced Americans’ shared values, such as freedom and independence.
They have limited the opportunities for new Americans who were not born in the nation.
Answers
Answer:
They have limited the opportunity for new American who were not born in the nation.
Answer:
They have influenced Americans’ shared values, such as freedom and independence.
Explanation:
How do literacy rates affect the standard of living?
The higher the literacy rates, the lower the standard of living
The higher the standard of living, the lower the literacy rate
The higher the literacy rate, the higher the standard of living
The lower the literacy rates, the higher the standard of living
Answers
Answer:
The higher the literacy rate, the higher the standard of living.
Explanation:
The reason why is that if people read and write they are more likely to provide for themselves and their families and get more job opportunities.
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What impact did the silk road have on china under the Han Dynasty? Choose the TWO correct answers.
Answers
Answer:
It made travel easier between northern and southern China
Explanation:
hope this helps
The impact did the silk road have on china under the Han Dynasty was it made travel easier between northern and southern China. The correct option is (C).
What do you mean by the Han Dynasty?One of the great dynasties of ancient China was the Han. The Han dynasty, sometimes referred to as the Golden Age of Ancient China, is credited with establishing much of Chinese civilization.
China was able to grow and become a significant world power during this time of peace and prosperity.
The Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE) is renowned for its lengthy rule and accomplishments, which included the creation of the civil service and of the framework of the government.
Therefore, the impact did the silk road have on china under the Han Dynasty was it made travel easier between northern and southern China.
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