The correct way to complete this graph is to add cytosine and thymine on the first DNA string, adenine, and guanine on the second string, and 3' and 5', in the bottom.
What elements are missing?
The main elements missing are the nucleobases that compose DNA. These are the four basic nucleobases:
AdenineGuanineThymineCytosineMoreover, these nucleobases pair up in the following way:
Adenine always pairs up with thymine.Cytosine always pairs up with guanine.Based on this, the elements that are missing are:
CytosineThymineAdenine GuanineBesides this, the numbers 5' and 3' should be placed to mark both the beginning and end of this DNA string. This should be placed in an opposite way as the first string, this means 3' and 5'.
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Answer: Please see photo
Explanation:
ANSWER FOR BRAINLIEST QUICK PLEASE.
Answer: You had it correct
Explanation:
A derived trait is any trait that is carried down species through a cladogram. Thus, all of the previously listed traits are derived, because they were passed down to species furhter on the cladogram.
A firm has a market value equal to its book value. Currently, the firm has excess cash of $900 and other assets of $6,100. Equity is worth $7,000. The firm has 700 shares of stock outstanding and net income of $780. What will the new earnings per share be if the firm uses its excess cash to complete a stock repurchase
If the firm uses its excess cash of $900 to complete a stock repurchase, it will reduce the number of outstanding shares.
If the firm uses its excess cash of $900 to complete a stock repurchase, it will reduce the number of outstanding shares. Since the firm has 700 shares outstanding, it can repurchase 64.29 shares ($900 / $14 = 64.29 shares). After the repurchase, the firm will have 635.71 shares outstanding (700 - 64.29).
The new equity value will be $6,100 + $900 = $7,000 (since the excess cash was used to repurchase shares). The new earnings per share (EPS) will be calculated by dividing the net income by the new number of outstanding shares.
New EPS = $780 / 635.71 = $1.23 per share.
In summary, if the firm uses its excess cash to complete a stock repurchase, the new earnings per share will increase from $1.11 to $1.23 per share. This is because the repurchase will decrease the number of outstanding shares, thereby increasing the earnings per share.
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what is the function of the siphon? group of answer choices to see predators nearby to pump blood throughout tissues to capture and hold prey to expel water quickly allowing the organism to rapidly and forcibly move it is a evolutionary remnant of the shell
The function of the siphon is : D) to expel water quickly, allowing the organism to move rapidly and forcibly move it is a evolutionary remnant of the shell. Therefore, option D is the correct answer
Siphons, also known as syphons, are tubes that are used to transfer liquids from one container to another, with the liquid flowing from a higher elevation to a lower elevation. The siphon in animals such as squids, octopuses, and other mollusks, on the other hand, is a fleshy tube that is used to expel water quickly. As a result, it is an important part of the animal's respiratory system, but it also serves other purposes, such as allowing for rapid movement.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer. A siphon is an evolutionary remnant of the shell. The siphon was used to pump water in and out of the animal's shell, enabling it to move around. However, as mollusks progressed, many of them abandoned their shells and began to rely on siphons to breathe and move. Despite this, the siphon still serves a similar purpose as it did when it was used for pumping water in and out of a shell, despite the fact that it is now used for respiration.
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. If energy is the ability to cause change, then what evidence is there that energy is produced in the interaction between the wind and the blades of the wind turbine?
Answer:
Explanation:
Wind is considered to be kinetic energy. As the kinetic energy of the wind hits the fans of the wind turbine it causes the fans to spin. This then causes the blades to spin a rotor which is connected to the main shaft of the turbine itself. This rotor spins and generates electricity. Therefore, the kinetic energy that was initially introduced into the system goes through a process and gets converted into electrical energy which we can use.
Which two processes involved in a biogeochemical cycle cause atoms of elements to be recombined into new molecular products? A. Precipitation B. Combustion C. Condensation D. Photosynthesis
Help please A. B. C. or D.
The processes that cause atoms of elements to be recombined into new molecular products are Combustion and Photosynthesis.
What is the biogeochemical cycle?A biogeochemical cycle is a natural process by which elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus, cycle through living and non-living components of the Earth's ecosystem. These cycles involve the exchange of these elements between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere, and are essential for the survival of all living organisms on the planet.
There are several biogeochemical cycles that are crucial for the functioning of the ecosystem. The carbon cycle involves the movement of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and living organisms, as well as the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and oceans.
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Model: Each parent mouse will contribute one allele for fur color and another for eye color. If a parent mouse is Ff Ee, there are four possible allele combinations the parent could pass to its offspring: FE, Fe, fE, and fe. The combinations are written along the top and sides of the expanded Punnett square, as shown below.
Answer:
Correct
Explanation:
how would you (in your own words) define carbon footprint in 2 sentances?
Explanation:
the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of a particular individual, organization, or community.
Answer:
1: carbon footprint is the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of a particular individual, organization, or community.
2: A carbon footprint is a measure of the impact your activities have on the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced through the burning of fossil fuels and is expressed as a weight of CO2 emissions produced in tonnes.
Why don't all organisms look
alike?
A. The materials used to build organisms are
different from one species to the next.
B. Organisms live in different environments.
C. Mutations make all organisms different from
one species to the next.
Answer:
the correct answer is A please mark me the brainliest
What pigment, only present in plants, makes photosynthesis possible?.
Answer:
Chlorophyll
Explanation:
Select the correct answer. from which sphere of earth did this food originate? deep fried three pieces of chicken legs overlapped each other. a. biosphere b. atmosphere c. troposphere d. hydrosphere e. geosphere
Deep-fried three pieces of chicken legs overlapping each other originated from Biosphere.
a. Biosphere is the region of the earth where life exists, it can be the areas on land, air, or water. The biosphere consists of the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. Chicken is a terrestrial organism; hence, it can be found in the lithosphere, a part of the biosphere.
b. Atmosphere is the envelope of air or gases around the earth's surface, it contains gases like oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc. It protects the lithosphere from harmful radiations from the sun. Hence, it is an incorrect option.
c. Troposphere is a layer of atmosphere that extends from a height of 6 km to 10 km. It is the atmospheric layer that is present right above the lithosphere. This provides us with oxygen and maintains the temperature of the earth. Hence, it is an incorrect option.
d. Hydrosphere: The entire amount of water on a planet is known as the hydrosphere. Water that is present on the planet's surface, beneath, and in the atmosphere all belong to the hydrosphere. The hydrosphere of a planet can exist as liquid, vapor, or ice. Hence, it is an incorrect option.
e. Geosphere is made up of all the rocks and minerals found on Earth, from the molten rock and heavy metals in the planet's center to the sand on beaches and mountain tops. It includes all the abiotic components of the earth. Hence, it is an incorrect option.
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Answer:
Biosphere, i got it right on my test
Explanation:
which arteries leave directly from the aorta? 2. which veins lead directly back into the superior and inferior vena cava? 3. which arteries and veins are crucial to supplying the heart with oxygen? 4. which valves separate the atria from the ventricles? 5. what structure separates the right and left ventricles? station 2 6. what are you actually hearing when you listen to the heartbeat? 7. what is the pulse? 8. how can the pulse be felt at different parts of the body? 9. which pulse point had the strongest pulse? the weakest pulse? why do you think this happened? station 3 10.what type of cell is most abundant in blood tissue? 11.what is the purpose of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle? 12.how is the cellular structure of arteries versus veins different? station 4 13.what is blood pressure and how is it measured? 14.why is high blood pressure a health concern? station 5 15.what were the common causes
1. The coronary arteries are the arteries that leave directly from the aorta.
2. The superior and inferior vena cava are the veins that lead directly back into them.
3. The coronary arteries and veins are important in supplying the heart with oxygen.
4. The atrioventricular valves are what separates the atria from the ventricles.
5. The septum separates the right and left ventricles.
6. The sounds of the heart beating are what you hear.
7. The pulse is the rhythmic contraction of arteries that originates from the heart.
8. The pulse can be felt at different parts of the body, such as the carotid artery, the femoral artery, or the brachial artery.
9. The carotid pulse point had the strongest pulse, while the radial pulse point had the weakest pulse. This may be because the carotid artery is closer to the heart, whereas the radial artery is more distal.
10. Red blood cells are the most common type of cell in blood tissue.
11. Intercalated discs in cardiac muscle allow for the synchronized contraction of cardiac muscle fibers.
12. The cellular structure of arteries versus veins is distinct. Arteries are thicker and more elastic, while veins have a thinner wall and are more flexible.
13. Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries, and it is measured using a blood pressure cuff.
14. High blood pressure is a health concern because it can lead to heart disease, stroke, and other serious medical conditions.
15. The common causes of high blood pressure include genetics, lifestyle factors, such as obesity and lack of exercise, and underlying medical conditions, such as kidney disease or thyroid disorders.
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Analyze how the control system shown below helps cnidarians respond to changes and capture prey.
Answer:
Explanation:
All cnidarians are carnivorous predators. Jellyfish capture small drifting animals with their stinging cnidocyte-filled tentacles. Even the sessile coral polyps and sea anemones are predators ready to sting prey, grasp it in their tentacles, and push it into their mouth.
What are two functions of bone marrow stromal cells with respect to B-cell development?A. Cytokine expression and traps developing B cells in a specific locationB. Recruits macrophages to phagocytize self-recognizing B cells and decreases HSC when no active infection is presentC. Secretes release factors that direct the B cell to the spleen and expresses necessary cytokinesD. Traps developing B cells in a specific location and recruits red bloods to bring oxygen to developing B cellsE. Triggers HSCs to produce more pro-B cells and secretes cytokines to stimulate osteoblast development
The two functions of bone marrow stromal cells with respect to B-cell development are cytokine expression and trapping developing B cells in a specific location. The correct option is A.
Cytokine expression plays a crucial role in B-cell development by providing the necessary signals for B-cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The stromal cells secrete cytokines like interleukin-7 (IL-7), which is essential for the survival and proliferation of B-cell progenitors. Without these signals, B-cell development would be impaired or even halted.
The second function of bone marrow stromal cells is to trap developing B cells in a specific location. The stromal cells form niches that provide a supportive environment for B-cell development. These niches are rich in factors like chemokines, adhesion molecules, and extracellular matrix components, which help to retain developing B cells within the bone marrow. This is crucial for proper B-cell development because it allows the cells to mature and undergo selection processes before entering the peripheral circulation.
In conclusion, bone marrow stromal cells are important regulators of B-cell development, and their functions of cytokine expression and trapping developing B cells in a specific location are critical for the proper maturation and selection of B cells.
So, the correct option is A.
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Hurry plss I will mark the Brainliest
Which statement describes an advantage of asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction results in variations in DNA.
Asexual reproduction causes less competition for resources.
Asexual reproduction is faster than sexual reproduction.
Asexual reproduction requires more energy than sexual reproduction.
Answer: Asexual reproduction causes less competition for resources.
Explanation:
Answer:
Its C.
Explanation:
Your Friend says that when someone drives a car they use up energy. Develop a Argument against your friends . Must include Words Energy Transformation and Law of conservation of energy
Answer:
The friends claim can be refuted using the Law of the Conservation of Energy, which states that energy can not be created or destroyed, only transferred. Therefore, the energy used to drive the car wasn’t ‘used up’, simply transferred into other forms. This is more commonly known as transferred energy.
Explanation:
hope it helps :)
Brainliest pls? Have a good day/night
why is photosynthisis important
Answer:
It gives us oxygen to breath.
Explanation:
If we had no oxygen we'd be lookin like sum raisins right bout now. ROFL
This is important because this process uses sunlight to synthesize food obtained from carbon dioxide, and water. Photosynthesis generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and makes oxygen as a byproduct for us to breathe. We depend on this plant process for our oxygen needs. This process also helps the plant live.
What was the purpose of Miller and Urey's experiment?
A. To determine where genetic information is stored in prokaryotes
B. To measure the number of biological molecules on Earth
C. To find out if archaea and eukaryotes had a common ancestor
D. To see if biological compounds could form spontaneously on early
Earth
Answer:
D. To see if biological compounds could form spontaneously on early Earth
The photo shows Enchanted Rock in Texas.
What is causing the plates of granite rock to flake off?
A. Oxidation of iron to form iron oxide
B. Strong winds carrying particles of rock
C. A change in pressure once exposed
the surface
D. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water, forming an acid
Answer is C. A change in pressure once exposed the surface
Explanation:
Correct! Hope this helped!
Answer:
C
Explanation:
AAPPPEEXXX
What is one way people positively affect water resources?
polluting from nonpoint sources
increasing farming and construction
disposing of chemicals in water
limiting use of acid and other pollutants
Answer:
D Limiting use of acid and other pollutants
People positively affect water resources by : ( D ) Limiting use of acid and other pollutants
Pollution is one major environmental problem witnessed in our environment, and it can be categorized into three ( 3 ) types which are :
water pollutionLand pollution Air pollutionWater pollution is caused mainly by the presence of harmful chemical substances deposited in water bodies and excessive usage of water bodies which leaves the water shallow and contaminated due to high solute concentration in the water.
Hence we can conclude that one positive way that people affect water resources positively is by limiting use of acid and other pollutants.
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Many segments are blank wholesome are blank such as a segment for digestion and a segment for reproduction
Many Body segments are very wholesome are essential such as a segment for digestion and a segment for reproduction.
What is the bodily systems about?In the above case, it would be more accurate to say that many bodily systems are essential for our overall health and well-being, and they each play important roles in maintaining our bodily functions. For example, the digestive system is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, while the reproductive system is responsible for producing and delivering offspring.
Therefore, It is important to note that while some bodily functions or segments may be considered more "wholesome" than others, each system is necessary and contributes to the overall functioning of the body. So, rather than categorizing them as wholesome or not, it's more useful to think of them as essential components of a complex and interconnected system.
P.S. Question seems incomplete and general definition is given.
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How would the contractile vacuole of a freshwater amoeba respond if the organism was placed in seawater?a. with more contractionsb. with fewer contractionsc. the contractions would suddenly ceased. with the same frequency of contractions
If a freshwater amoeba is placed in seawater, the contractile vacuole would respond with more contractions. This is because seawater is more saline than freshwater and contains a higher concentration of ions. As a result, water would flow into the amoeba through osmosis, causing an increase in its internal volume. The contractile vacuole would then need to work harder to pump out the excess water and maintain the appropriate internal environment of the amoeba.
The contractile vacuole is an organelle that helps in regulating the water content and salt concentration of the cell. It works by collecting excess water from the cytoplasm and expelling it out of the cell through a pore. The frequency of contractions of the contractile vacuole depends on the concentration of water and salt in the surrounding environment. In freshwater, the contractile vacuole contracts less frequently as the concentration of water outside the cell is higher than inside the cell. However, in seawater, the concentration of salt outside the cell is higher than inside, and this would lead to an increased frequency of contractions of the contractile vacuole to remove excess water from the amoeba.
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Find about a debatable quote from peer review article which talks about negative effects of social media on mental health and relationships? The quote should be 4 to 5 lines?
A debatable quote from a peer-reviewed article discussing the negative effects of on mental health and relationships is:
"While social media can help us stay connected with loved ones and provide entertainment, it can also contribute to feelings of inadequacy, social isolation, and depression. The constant comparisons to others' seemingly perfect lives can lead to lowered self-esteem and damaged relationships" (Smith, 2018).
About the debatable quoteThis quote is debatable because while it highlights some of the potential negative effects of social media, there are also many positive effects that can be gained from using social media.
Additionally, not everyone may experience these negative effects to the same extent. It is important to consider the individual's personal experience and how they use social media in order to fully understand its impact on their mental health and relationships.
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why is tbp considered to be a universal transcription factor?
TBP is considered to be a universal transcription factor because it binds to the TATA box, which is present in the promoter region of most eukaryotic genes.
What is transcription?Transcription is a biological process that involves the conversion of DNA sequence information into RNA sequence information. This process is accomplished with the help of an enzyme called RNA polymerase, which synthesizes RNA from a DNA template. Transcription factors are proteins that bind to DNA and control the transcription of genes. They are critical regulators of gene expression and play an essential role in the regulation of many cellular processes.
TBP, or TATA-binding protein, is a transcription factor that binds to the TATA box, which is present in the promoter region of most eukaryotic genes. TBP is considered to be a universal transcription factor because of its role in initiating transcription at the TATA box.
In summary, TBP is considered to be a universal transcription factor because it binds to the TATA box, which is present in the promoter region of most eukaryotic genes.
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the evolution of decreased virulence would be expected in a no, that's not the correct answer. a. horizontally transmitted parasite. b. parasite species in which multiple infection is frequent. c. host with an effective immune system. d. vertically transmitted parasite.
Evolution of decreased virulence would be expected in a no of vertically transmitted parasite.
Virulence is defined by the ability of a microorganism to cause disease in the host . Parasites get transmitted from a parent to its offspring at or before birth, this case is called vertical transmission of parasite.
When , parasites are transmitted by contact from an infected individual to an uninfected individual, in that case the transmission is said to be horizontal. For example ,vertically transmitted can be disease caused by virus or bacteria that is transferred from mother to child .
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i neeed helppp.............
The percentage increase in pressure between maximum inhalation and maximum exhalation is 80.0%.
What is inhalation ?Inhalation is the process of breathing in air or other gases. This process supplies oxygen to the body, allowing it to be used for energy production, and carbon dioxide to be released. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and the rib cage expands, creating a vacuum that pulls air through the nose or mouth into the lungs. The air travels through the upper airways, down into the bronchioles, and into the alveoli, where oxygen is transferred into the bloodstream.
Inhalation also helps to remove waste particles and other irritants from the airways, allowing for easier breathing. Inhalation is an essential part of respiration and is necessary for sustaining life.
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question 1: Community Ecology is best defined as the study of ___________ .
A: the individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interact
B: all the organisms in an area plus the physical environment in which they interact
C: the total sum of all the Earth's ecosystems
D: all the populations living and interacting in an area
E: evolution
question 2: The Earth System is materially closed and energetically open.
A: True
B: False
question 3: The concept of the trophic pyramid reflects ________________.
A: the fact that each transfer of energy as you move up the food web results in a loss of about 90%
B: the number of decomposers found in a system
C: the fact that each transfer of energy as you move up the food web results in a loss of about 10%
D: that biomass increases as you move up the food web
E: the fact that there are only a limited amount of producers at the top of the food chain.
question 4: Which of the following trophic levels feed on all of the other trophic levels?
A: producers
B: primary consumers
C: tertiary consumers
D: decomposers
E: secondary consumers
question 5: A long-term field study in a natural English grassland looked at the effects of annual nitrogen fertilizer addition on the species' composition of the grassland. Throughout the experiment the total abundance of all grasses together remained roughly constant, and the following data were observed:
Year | Number of species
1872 | 17
1903 | 10
1919 | 8
1949 | 3
main question: Compared to 1872, the 1949 grassland community shows________________..
A: a decrease in productivity
B: a increase in productivity
C: a decrease in species richness
D: a increase in species richness
E: a decrease in food chain length
question 6: Owls hunt for field mice in a field at night. Foxes hunt for field mice in the same field during the day. The term that best describes the interaction between the owls and the foxes is ________________.
A: predation
B: parasitism
C: mutualism
D: resource partitioning
E: commensalism
question 7: A tick attaches itself to a human to feed but harms the human in the process. The tick and human have a _________ relationship.
A: commensal
B: parasitic
C: keystone
D: mutualistic
E: competitive
question 8: The difference between primary succession and secondary succession is ________________.
A: primary succession involves repopulating a previously damaged ecosystem
B: primary and secondary succession are essentially the same
C: secondary succession begins with the entrance of a pioneer species
D: secondary succession occurs when a species moves into an area that starts as bare rock
E: primary succession occurs when a species moves into an area that starts as bare rock; no life is present.
question 9: Trees whose seeds can grow under low-light conditions would most likely be found ________________.
A: late in secondary succession
B: early in primary succession
C: equally likely in each of the above
D: early in secondary succession
E: before primary succession
question 10: Humans drained the Everglades in the early 20th century because ________________.
A: they wanted to develop cities and towns in the region
B: they thought it would prevent flooding
C: All of the answers stated here are true.
D: they were seen as having no utility to humans
Question 1: Community ecology is best defined as the study of ___________.
D: all populations that live and interact in an area
Question 2: The Earth System is materially closed and energetically open.
B: False
Question 3: The concept of trophic pyramid reflects ________________.
C: the fact that each transfer of energy as you move up the food chain results in a loss of about 10%
Question 4: Which of the following trophic levels feed on all other trophic levels?
D: decomposers
Question 5: Main issue: Compared to 1872, the 1949 country community shows
C: a decrease in species richness
Question 6: Owls hunt field mice in a field at night. Foxes hunt field mice in the same field during the day. The term that best describes the interaction between owls and foxes is ________________.
A: predation
Issue 7: A tick attaches itself to a human to feed, but harms the human in the process. The tick and the human have a _________ relationship.
B: parasite
question 8: The difference between primary succession and secondary succession is ________________.
E: primary succession occurs when a species moves into an area that starts out as bare rock; no life is present.
Question 9: Trees whose seeds can grow in low light conditions would likely be found ________________.
A: late in secondary succession
Question 10: Humans drained the Everglades in the early 20th century because ________________.
C: All the answers given here are true.
What is primary succession?In primary succession, newly exposed or formed rocks are colonized by living organisms for the first time. In secondary succession, an area previously occupied by living things is disturbed—disorganized—and then colonized again after disturbance.
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Once pollen lands on the stigma of a flower, the pollen germinates, creating a pollen tube that grows down the ovule. The sperm cell moves through the tube to fertilize the egg. Based on the evidence from the experiment above explain how natural selection might have led to directional selection toward higher aperture number.
In plants most pollen grains are tricolpates, that is to say, they have three apertures, what's more there are a great number of different pollen shapes and apertures, this is quite dependent, on the species and pollen stigma dynamics.
Nonetheless, in the present case we have that those pollen grains with more aperture germinate faster, assuming that all repetitions belong to the same species we would be looking at a directional selection towards a higher aperture number, this could be due to a faster interaction of stigma secretions with pollen tube grow, pollen tube could take less time to nourish, interact and grow in the stigma. or could be a mutation in those pollen grains with three apertures that makes them less viable not so much is about germination speed maybe this with pollen with three apertures could be unfertile so the low percentage is not because of time but infertility. Another situation is that those pollen grains with three apertures have differences in pollen kit and receptors so there is no proper recognition stigma pollen, and so germination is slower or inhibited.
Please answer quick and correctly
Select all the correct answers. looking at the phylogenetic tree, which three statements can you make about the interconnectedness of the species a, b, c, d, and e? phylogenetic tree showing x and y branching out from a common root. x branches out into a and b. y branches out into c on one leaf and d and e together on the other leaf. species a and c may have shared features from a common ancestor. species c is more related to species d than species d is related to species e. species b and c are more closely related than species c and d. species b and e may have shared features from a common ancestor. species a is more related to species b than species b is related to species c.
Species A and C may have shared features from a common ancestor
Species B and E may have shared features from a common ancestor
Species A is more related to species B than species B is related to (any of the other species)
What is Phylogenetic tree ?A phylogenetic tree is a visual representation of the evolutionary connections between various creatures. Phylogenetic trees are theories rather than proven truths.
A phylogenetic tree's branching pattern illustrates how many species or other groups developed from a number of common predecessors.From this phylogenetic tree we can see that all five species have a shared distant, common ancestor, meaning that they all evolved from a single species. Because they all share the same common ancestor, there's every chance that the species A and C, or species B and E, share some features from their common.Learn more about Phylogenetic tree here:
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Answer:
- Species A and C may have shared features from a common ancestor
- Species B and E may have shared features from a common ancestor
- Species A is more related to species B than species B is related to (any of the other species)
Explanation:
A decrease in diaphragmatic excursion is associated with what class of restrictive disease? O Neuromuscular O Abdominal O Skeletal O Pulmonary
A decrease in the diaphragmatic excursion is associated with the pulmonary restrictive disease.
A diaphragmatic excursion is the movement of the diaphragm during respiration. It is a measurement of how much the diaphragm is contracting or moving downwards during inhalation and how much it is relaxing or moving upward during exhalation.
Restrictive lung disease is a type of lung disease characterized by a reduction in lung volumes, either due to an alteration in the lung parenchyma, pleura, chest wall, or neuromuscular function. In restrictive lung disease, the lung's capacity to expand is reduced, making it difficult for a person to breathe in sufficient oxygen.
Therefore, a decrease in the diaphragmatic excursion is associated with pulmonary restrictive disease.
The major restrictive lung diseases are:
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