draw a transition state diagram of (a) an enzymatic reaction

Answer:

the activation energy is 65-30

35

The activation energy of this reaction is 35 kJ.

Activation energy, in chemistry, the minimum amount of energy that is required to activate atoms or molecules to a condition in which they can undergo chemical transformation or physical transport.

The activation energy is equal to the difference between the threshold energy needed for the reaction and the average kinetic energy of all the reacting molecules.

The activation energy of a reaction is the difference in energy between the threshold energy and energy of the reactants.

Given,

The highest energy for a reaction to happen = Threshold energy = 65 kJ

Energy of the reactants = 30 kJ

Therefore, The activation energy of this reaction is 35 kJ.

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The correct answer is nitrates.

The chemical formula for nitrate is \(NO_{3}\). Nitrate is a polyatomic ion. Nitrates are the name for salts that contain this ion. Common nitrate ingredients in explosives and fertilizers. Water is a solvent for almost all inorganic nitrates. Bismuth oxynitrate is one type of insoluble nitrate. Tests of endurance exercise performance show that dietary nitrate supplementation is effective. When young, healthy people consume significant amounts of nitrate, whether in the form of pure sodium nitrate or beet juice, their plasma nitrate concentration is quickly increased by a factor of 2 to 3, and this elevated nitrate concentration can be sustained for at least two weeks. Nitric oxide, or NO, is produced in response to elevated plasma nitrate.

Metal nitrates other than the alkali elements on heating decompose into the corresponding metal __ along with the evolution of nitrogen peroxide and oxygen.

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The retention factor for the yellow spot is 0.2586.

Rf = Distance traveled with the aid of the compound / Distance traveled by the solvent the front

Rf = 1.5 cm / 5.8 cm = 0.2586

Retention factor (Rf) is a term used in chromatography, a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of compounds. Rf is a dimensionless quantity that describes the migration of a particular compound relative to the solvent front in a chromatographic system.

In a typical chromatographic separation, the sample mixture is placed on a stationary phase, which is usually a solid or liquid that is immobilized on a solid support. The stationary phase is then contacted with a mobile phase, which is a liquid or a gas that flows over the stationary phase, carrying the sample compounds with it. The Rf value for a given compound is determined by dividing the distance the compound travels up the stationary phase by the distance the solvent front travels up the same phase.

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Answer:

A.Experiments with cooking food showed that disease-carrying germs in food could be killed when heated.

Explanation:

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) is regarded as the father of immunology. He extensively studied microbes and their effect on food. He discovered that microorganisms were responsible for the spoilage of food.

His most important discovery was the fact that heating wine to 55°C will lead to the death of microorganisms and prevented wine from spoiling and did not affect its taste. This process is known as pasteurization.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

The molecular geometry (form) of CCl4 SF6 is identical to the configuration of the electron domains in a VSEPR.

VSEPR distinguishes between molecular geometry, which defines how the atoms in a molecule are ordered, and electron group geometry, which expresses how electron groups (bonds and nonbonding electron pairs) are arranged.

Chemistry frequently employs the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model to foretell the three-dimensional organization, or geometry, of molecules. This model accounts for the repulsion between electron pair to estimate the structure of a molecule.

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One adaptation that organisms living in an aquatic ecosystem might have is the ability to regulate their salt concentration.

Organisms are living species that live on the planet earth.

There are types of organisms categorized by the environment they live.

Organism that can survive only in water is called an aquatic organism.

We have,

One adaptation that organisms living in an aquatic ecosystem might have is the ability to regulate their salt concentration.

Aquatic environments can have varying levels of salinity, and some organisms need to maintain a specific salt concentration in their bodies to survive.

For example, marine fish have kidneys that can produce very concentrated urine to prevent them from losing too much salt in their surroundings, while freshwater fish have specialized cells in their gills that actively pump salt out of their bodies to maintain the appropriate balance.

Similarly,

Some marine invertebrates, such as crabs and mussels, can regulate the amount of salt they take in by actively transporting ions across their gills or other specialized structures.

This adaptation helps the organism to maintain the proper fluid balance and avoid dehydration or over-hydration, which can be lethal.

Thus,

One adaptation that organisms living in an aquatic ecosystem might have is the ability to regulate their salt concentration.

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An electrolytic cell is an electrochemical cell that utilizes an external source of electrical energy (voltage applied between two electrodes) to drive a chemical reaction that would not otherwise occur.

In a galvanic (voltaic) cell, the energy from a spontaneous reaction generates electricity, whereas in an electrolytic cell, electrical energy is consumed to drive a nonspontaneous redox reaction.

Both types of cells use two electrodes that provide an electrical connection between systems that are separated in space.

For example, water can be subjected to electrolysis (with the help of an electrolytic cell) to form gaseous oxygen and gaseous hydrogen.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

the second option is right

Answer:

The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element. The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element. ... The sum of the atomic number Z and the number of neutrons N gives the mass number A of an atom.

Answer:

Atoms of each element contain a characteristic number of protons. In fact, the number of protons determines what atom we are looking at (e.g., all atoms with six protons are carbon atoms); the number of protons in an atom is called the atomic number.

Explanation:

Answer:

Saffi only

Explanation:

I just took the test and that was the correct answer :)

The electron started in the second energy level (n₁ = 2) before transitioning to the third level.

To determine the initial level of the electron in a hydrogen atom, we can use the Rydberg formula, which relates the wavelength of a photon emitted or absorbed during an electron transition to the energy levels in hydrogen:

1/λ = R * (1/n₁² - 1/n₂²)

Where, λ is the wavelength of the photon,

R is the Rydberg constant (approximately 1.097 x 10^7 m^-1),

n₁ is the initial energy level,

n₂ is the final energy level.

Given that, the wavelength of the emitted photon is 1,094 nm (or 1.094 x 10^-6 meters) and the electron transition occurs to the third level (n₂ = 3), we can substitute these values into the formula and solve for n₁:

1/λ = R * (1/n₁² - 1/n₂²)

1/(1.094 x 10^-6) = 1.097 x 10^7 * (1/n₁² - 1/3²)

Simplifying the equation:

1.094 x 10^6 = 1.097 x 10^7 * (1/n₁² - 1/9)

1/n₁² - 1/9 = (1.094 x 10^6) / (1.097 x 10^7)

1/n₁² - 1/9 ≈ 0.0997

1/n₁² ≈ 0.0997 + 1/9

1/n₁² ≈ 0.1997

n₁² ≈ 1 / 0.1997

n₁² ≈ 5.004

n₁ ≈ √5.004

n₁ ≈ 2.24

Therefore, the electron started in the second energy level (n₁ = 2) before transitioning to the third level.

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The mineral presented in the image has a metallic luster. It is opaque, which means that it is not clear and light does not pass through it. It also has cleavage, which refers to the tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weakness.

The cleavage is evident in the image, as the mineral appears to have flat, smooth surfaces that intersect at sharp angles when it is broken or fractured.Cleavage is one of the most important properties of a mineral because it provides information about the way in which the mineral will break when subjected to external forces.

A mineral with good cleavage will break into pieces that have a smooth, flat surface, while a mineral with poor cleavage will break into pieces that have an uneven surface. This property is often used by mineralogists to help identify minerals since it is unique to each mineral.

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The mineral’s luster, opacity, and cleavage define its properties. Metallic luster means it reflects light like metal, opacity implies no light passes through it, and cleavage speaks to how it breaks.

In order to determine the characteristics of a mineral, we assess attributes such as the mineral's luster, opacity, and cleavage. The metallic luster refers to how light interacts with the surface of a mineral, metallic luster means the mineral reflects light as a polished metal would.

When a mineral is opaque, it means that light does not pass through it at all - it is not transparent or translucent. Lastly, a mineral's cleavage refers to how it breaks or fractures along distinctive planes. To accurately describe the mineral in the image, these three characteristics would need to be observable.

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Answer:

Extract DNA from the fertilizer to identify its origin.

Explanation:

Barnes find out that fertilizer was used in the explosive material. Barnes should now identify the origin of this type of fertilizer so that its root can be determined. When the origin is unable to be determined then Barnes should keep the traces of the fertilizer and try to identify the manufacturer.

Answer:

Track down where the fertilizer was sold and who bought it

Explanation:

I, myself, took this exam.

When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be ; option C ) becomes smaller

What do you mean by pupil of the eye ?

Light can reach the retina because of the pupil, a black hole in the center of the iris of the eye. The reason it seems black is that light rays entering the pupil are either directly absorbed by the tissues within the eye or indirectly absorbed following diffuse reflections within the eye that primarily miss exiting the small pupil. Gerard of Cremona is credited with creating the word "pupil." The pupil is a hole that permits light to reach the retina and is situated in the middle of the iris of the eye. The reason it seems black is that light rays entering the pupil are either directly absorbed by the tissues inside the eye or absorbed after diffuse reflections inside the eye that primarily miss exiting the small pupil.

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Hence, the correct option is D) C5H7O3.

Nicotine is an addictive substance that is found in cigarettes.

The chemical formula for nicotine is C10H14O6.

To determine the empirical formula, one must find the smallest whole-number ratio of the atoms present. For that, we need to divide the subscripts by their greatest common divisor which in this case is 2.

According to the question, the chemical formula of nicotine is C10​H14​O6​.We need to determine its empirical formula.

To do this, we divide each subscript by their greatest common divisor which is 2 in this case.C10H14O6→C5H7O3Therefore, the empirical formula of Nicotine is C5H7O3.

Hence, the correct option is D) C5H7O3.

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The mole fraction of CO2 in the atmosphere is 407 M.

Mole fraction:

The mole fraction of molar fraction is defined as a unit of the amount of a constituent, \(n_{i}\), divided by the total number of all constituents in a mixture.

In the case provided, the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is 407 ppm, and the volume of carbon dioxide present in of the atmosphere is 407 L.

Now, based on Avagadro's hypothesis, the alike volume of gases in the same temperature and pressure obtains an equal number of molecules. Therefore, there will be 407 moles of carbon dioxide is present in 407 moles of atmosphere.

Therefore there are 407 M mole fraction of CO2 in the atmosphere.

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Answer:

(b)  19.9 moles

Explanation:

To convert from moles Al to moles O₂, you need to multiply the given value by the mole-to-mole ratio of each component. This ratio is constructed via the coefficients in the balanced reaction. The desired unit (moles O₂) should be placed in the numerator to allow for the cancellation of units.

2 Al₂O₃ ----> 4 Al + 3 O₂
                    ^         ^            

26.5 moles Al           3 moles O₂
---------------------  x  ----------------------  =  19.9 moles O₂
                                 4 moles Al

Answer:

Explanation:

Hi!

The kelvin tempreture is 273.15, so if you need to convert from celsius to kelvin, all you need to do is add the celsius to that number.

Here is the formula we'll be using K = C + 273.15.

5°C + 273.15 = 278.15K

Hope that was clear!

moles of atoms in 50 atoms of barium are 301.15 × 10^23

1 mole of substance = 6.023 x 10^23

so in 50 atoms of Ba = 50 × 6.023 × 10^23

= 301.15 × 10^23

Therefore, moles in 50 atoms of Ba is 301.15 × 10^23.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The volume of a substance when given the density and mass can be found by using the formula

\(volume = \frac{mass}{Density} \)

From the question

mass of Iron = 1500 g

Density = 5.5 g/mL

Substitute the values into the above formula and solve

That's

\(volume = \frac{1500}{5.5} \\ = 272.727272...\)

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

The solvent that is most soluble in it will be nonpolar C4H10.

In chemistry, polarity is the separation of electric charge, which causes a molecule or its chemical groups to have an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

Due to a difference in electronegativity between the bound atoms, polar molecules must have one or more polar bonds. If the bond dipoles cancel each other out through symmetry, molecules with polar bonds have no molecular polarity.

Dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonding are two ways that polar molecules communicate with one another. Surface tension, solubility, melting and boiling points, as well as other physical characteristics, are all governed by polarity.

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Answer:

TiCl2

Explanation:

Mass of the chloride of titanium= 1.31 g

Mass of titanium= 0.528 g

Therefore mass of chlorine = 1.31-0.528 = 0.782 g

To determine the empirical formulae of the titanium chloride, divide the mass of each element by its relative atomic mass and divide through by the lowest ratio.

Ti- 0.528/48 = 0.011, Cl- 0.782/35.5 = 0.022

Ti- 0.011/0.011 , Cl- 0.022/0.011

Ti- 1, Cl-2

Hence the required empirical formula is TiCl2

Answer:

Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state, without passing through the liquid state. ... The reverse process of sublimation is deposition or desublimation, in which a substance passes directly from a gas to a solid phase.

The volume of 0.15 mol of an ideal gas at 365 torr and 97 °C is 9.5 L.

An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas that follows the ideal gas law, which states that the pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas are directly related.

The ideal gas law can be used to calculate the volume of an ideal gas, given the number of moles, temperature, and pressure.
The ideal gas law equation is: PV = nRT.
Rearranging the equation to solve for volume, the equation is V = nRT/P. Plugging in the given values, the volume of 0.15 mol of an ideal gas at 365 torr and 97 °C is 9.5 L.

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The main objective of the lab is to design and develop an Artificial Neural Network model for two experiments: the McCulloch and Pitts Network and the Hebbian Network. The students will design and train a neural network system capable of performing AND and OR operations.

They will also tune the model to minimize errors by updating the weights and conducting testing. The simulation will be run in groups, where the working principles of the algorithm will be explained. The output of the neural network system will be interpreted by varying the inputs.

The lab aims to provide students with practical experience in working with artificial neural networks. In Experiment 1, the students will focus on the McCulloch and Pitts Network and implement it to perform logic operations like AND and OR. They will train the neural network model and update the weights to minimize errors. Through testing, the effectiveness of the designed model will be evaluated.

In Experiment 2, the students will explore the Hebbian Network and its learning principles. They will gain insights into how the network adjusts its connections based on the input and output patterns. The students will analyze the behavior of the network and its ability to learn and adapt.

The lab emphasizes collaborative work, as students are expected to form groups and run the simulation together. This encourages discussion and explanation of the algorithm's working principles among peers. Additionally, varying the inputs and observing the corresponding outputs will allow the students to understand how the neural network system responds to different scenarios and interpret its functioning.

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Answer:

84

Explanation:

Answer:

125 grams of HNO3

Explanation:

(8.75g N2O) x (1/44g N2O) x (10mol HNO3) x (63.02g HNO3/ 1mol HNO3) = 125g HNO3

In this exercise we have to use our knowledge of chemistry to calculate the final amount in grams for nitrogen monoxide, as:

125 grams of HNO3

Thus, to make these calculations it will be necessary to observe the given equation:

\(4Zn + 10 HNO3 \rightarrow 4Zn(NO3)2 + N2O + 5 H2O\)

So after performing the stoichiometry we can perform the calculations as follows:

\((8.75g N2O) * (1/44g N2O) *(10mol HNO3) * (63.02g HNO3/ 1mol HNO3)\\ = 125g HNO3\)

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Answer:

Explanation:

Decomposition reaction, also known as analysis or dissociation, is a type of chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down into simpler substances or elements. In this reaction, a single reactant undergoes a chemical change and produces two or more products.

The decomposition reaction can be represented by the general equation:

AB → A + B

Where AB is the reactant, and A and B are the products. The reactant AB is usually a compound, and it breaks down into its constituent elements or simpler compounds.

There are different types of decomposition reactions, including:

Thermal decomposition: It occurs when a compound is heated, resulting in its decomposition into simpler substances. For example, the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) produces calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2):

CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

Electrolytic decomposition: It takes place when an electric current is passed through an electrolyte, causing it to break down into its component ions. For instance, the electrolysis of water (H2O) leads to the decomposition into hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2):

2H2O → 2H2 + O2

Photochemical decomposition: It occurs when a compound undergoes decomposition due to exposure to light energy. Chlorine gas (Cl2) can decompose into chlorine atoms (Cl) under the influence of light:

Cl2 → 2Cl

These are just a few examples of decomposition reactions. They are important in various chemical processes and are used in industries, laboratory experiments, and natural phenomena. By understanding and controlling decomposition reactions, scientists can gain insights into the behavior of different compounds and develop practical applications in fields such as chemistry, materials science, and environmental science.

Answer:

Explanation:

reaction in which a compound breaks down into simpler substances or elements