Ethanol has a boiling point of 78°C and water has a boiling point of 100°C. How can distillation be used to separate a mixture of water and ethanol?
Answers
Answer: below (= Mark me brainlest if I deserve it
Explanation:
Fractional distillation is a physical process used to separate various liquid mixtures in which liquids have nearby boiling points. In other words, both compounds are volatile (volatility is the property of evaporating, moving from the liquid to the gaseous state).
The process consists in heating the liquid mixture to be separated. Upon reaching the boiling temperature of the most volatile component (with a lower boiling point) a vapor phase will be formed, which will mostly contain this substance at the beginning.
Then, as the temperature continues to rise and as time goes by, multiple evaporation and condensation cycles continuously occur (each cycle is known as the "theoretical plate"), until the lower boiling constituent first emerges, that is, It will separate.
In this case, since ethanol is the element with the lowest boiling point, it will be the most volatile and will separate first.
Answer:
When boiling the liquids when its almost to a boil the liquid with the lower boiling point it will turn into a liquid.
Explanation:
Related Questions
mention two instruments that could be used to transfer sodium hydroxide solution into conical flask
Answers
Answer:
Pipette and Burettes
Explanation:
The two instruments that can be used for
a) Pipette – It is used to dispense measured volume of any liquid into any other equipment. Pipette works on the concept of creating a partial vacuum to take in the liquid and then release the volume to dispense the liquid.
b) Burettes – It has a stopcock that regulate the release of liquid. It is larger than the pipette and works as a graduated cylinder.
A student measures the mass of a solution before and after a chemical reaction takes place. in both cases the students measures the mass to be 50.25 g on an electronic balance with an uncertainty of 0.05 g. the student realizes that the ranges of uncertainty for each measurement overlap exactly. which claim can the student make?
Answers
The student can claim that the mass of the solution before and after the chemical reaction is the same.
This can be supported by the fact that the ranges of uncertainty for each measurement overlap exactly, indicating that the mass of the solution was the same before and after the reaction. This is because the ranges of uncertainty for the two measurements overlap exactly, meaning that the two values are statistically indistinguishable. Mathematically, this means that the absolute difference between the two measurements
\((50.25 g - 50.25 g)\) is within the combined uncertainty of the two measurements\((0.05 g + 0.05 g).\)
Therefore, the student can conclude that the mass of the solution has not changed.
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Acteria and archaea fix nitrogen (n2) by reducing it to ammonia (nh3), the form of nitrogen assimilated by plants. the main reservoir of nitrogen is:______
Answers
Bacteria and archaea fix nitrogen (n2) by reducing it to ammonia (nh3), the form of nitrogen assimilated by plants. the main reservoir of nitrogen is is the atmosphere.
The transformation of atmospheric Nitrogen N\(_{2}\) into ammonia NH\(_{3}\) which is a form that plants may use, is known as biological nitrogen fixation. However, eukaryotes do not engage in the process; it is exclusive to bacteria and archaea.
It has long been recognized that some archaea can contribute to the nitrogen cycling processes (albeit some of these organisms were not initially recognized as archaea). These included both assimilatory and dissimilatory activities, such as the fixing of atmospheric nitrogen. However, rather than large terrestrial or aquatic environments, these reactions were linked to extremophilic archaea that are generally found in 'exotic' habitats like hot springs or salt-saturated lakes.
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What causes day and night?
a
b
Rotation of the Earth
Orbit of the Earth
The moon blocks the sun
С
d
Revolution of the Earth
Answers
Answer:
Rotation of the earth
Explanation:
BRAINLIST!!
Water often has dissolved gases and other chemicals in it. When this water encounters rocks, the minerals in the rocks can be changed by the process of
A.
deposition
B.
erosion
C.
sedimentary mineralization
D.
chemical weathering.
Answers
on the resonance hybrid for no−2, in between the nitrogen atom and each oxygen atom there is:
Answers
N-O bond as well as a double bond. The N atom possesses a positive charge and an unpaired electron. These are the two principal resonance sources of NO2.
Because each nitrogen atom requires three electrons to fill its outermost shell, nitrogen atoms will establish three covalent bonds (also known as triple covalent) between two nitrogen atoms. Methane (CH4) is another molecule that contains a nonpolar covalent link. There are two sigma bonds and one pair of unpaired electron in nitrogen dioxide. There are an octet of electrons in each of the two oxygen atoms. With the oxygen atom, the nitrogen atom's p orbital forms a pi connectio
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Which of the following is a benefit of modern commercial farms?
A. A consumer has fewer allergies because of the local honey he
eats on his bread.
B. Food can be produced in larger amounts for more people to eat.
C. A consumer knows which pesticides were used to protect the
apple she is eating.
D. Some consumers are committed to organic foods because they
believe these foods carry fewer health risks.
Answers
Answer:
B. Food can be produced in larger amounts for more people to eat.
Explanation:
Commercial farming mechanizes operations controls diseases and pests, enabling farms to produce more
Answer:
food can be produced in larger amounts for more people to eat.
Explanation:
you're welcome
Identify this molecule
Answers
Answer:
Ribose
Explanation:
This is the pentose sugar found in RNA commonly.
how many grams of Al(no2)3 should be added to 1.3L of water to prepare a 2.0M solution
Answers
Answer: 429 grams of \(Al(NO_2)_3\) should be added to 1.3 L of water to prepare 2.0 M solution
Explanation:
Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per Liter of the solution.
\(Molarity=\frac{n}{V_s}\)
where,
n = moles of solute \(Al(NO_2)_3\) = \(\frac{\text {given mass}}{\text {Molar mass}}=\frac{xg}{165g/mol}\)
\(V_s\) = volume of solution in Liters
Now put all the given values in the formula of molarity, we get
\(2.0M=\frac{xg}{165g/mol\times 1.3L}\)
\(x=429g\)
Therefore, 429 grams of \(Al(NO_2)_3\) should be added to 1.3 L of water to prepare 2.0 M solution
What mass of helium gas (in g) occupies 15.3 L at STP?
Answers
Answer:
\(\boxed {\boxed {\sf 2.73 \ g \ He}}\)
Explanation:
We are asked to find the mass of helium gas given a volume.
1. Convert Liters to Moles1 mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters. So, 1 mole of helium gas contains 22.4 liters of helium. Create a ratio using this information.
\(\frac {1 \ mol \ He }{ 22.4 \ L \ He}\)
We are converting 15.3 liters of gas to moles, so we multiply by that value.
\(15.3 \ L \ He *\frac {1 \ mol \ He }{ 22.4 \ L \ He}\)
The units of liters of helium (L He) cancel.
\(15.3 *\frac {1 \ mol \ He }{ 22.4}\)
\(\frac {15.3}{22.4} \ mol \ He\)
\(0.6830357143 \ mol \ He\)
2. Convert Moles to GramsThe molar mass is the mass of 1 mole of a substance. These values are found on the Periodic Table as atomic masses, but the units are grams per moles. Look up the molar mass of helium.
He: 4.0026 g/molCreate another ratio using the molar mass.
\(\frac {4.0026 \ g \ He}{1 \ mol \ He}\)
Multiply by the number of moles we calculated.
\(0.6830357143 \ mol \ He *\frac {4.0026 \ g \ He}{1 \ mol \ He}\)
The units of moles of helium (mol He) cancel.
\(0.6830357143*\frac {4.0026 \ g \ He}{1 }\)
\(2.73391875 \ g \ He\)
3. RoundThe original measurement of volume has 3 significant figures, so our answer must have the same.
For the number we calculated, that is the hundredths place.
The 3 in the thousandths place to the right (2.73391875) tells us to leave the 3 in the hundredths place (2.73391875).
\(2.73 \ g \ He\)
15.3 liters of helium gas is approximately 2.73 grams of helium.
identify a true statement about the extraction of opium from the unripe seedpods of the papaver somniferum plant.
Answers
Here is a true statement about the extraction process: Opium is a highly addictive substance that is extracted from the unripe seedpods of the Papaver somniferous plant. Here is a true statement about the extraction process:
The extraction of opium from the unripe seedpods of the Papaver somniferum plant involves making incisions on the surface of the seedpod.
These incisions are typically made with a special tool called a "lancet." The milky latex that oozes out from the incisions is collected and then dried. This dried latex is what we commonly refer to as opium.
To extract opium, the incisions are made when the seedpods are still green and unripe. This is because the latex content is the highest during this stage. Once the opium is dried, it can be further processed to obtain various opioid substances like morphine, codeine, and thebaine.
It is important to note that opium extraction is a highly regulated process due to its potential for abuse and addiction. The use of opium and its derivatives is strictly controlled and regulated by international laws and regulations.
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Study the Atomic radius (nm) Ionic radius (nm) 0.114 0.195 0.072 0.136 0.133 0.216 Z 0.099 0.181 (a) Would these form part of a metallic or a non-metallic group? Explain (b) Suggest an element in the table above likely to be the most reactive. Explain Element W X Y
Answers
By the comparing the atomic radii of all of the elements, one can notice that they are very small. Hence it shows that they may be non-metallic group.
Reactivity in components can be affected by different variables, such as electron setup and electronegativity and as such since all are low and there is no much information, it is hard to know which is mostly reactive
What is the atomic radius?Metallic elements for the most part have bigger nuclear radii compared to non-metallic components. since metallic elements tend to lose electrons and shape cations, coming about in a lower form in successful atomic charge and a boast in nuclear form.
Note that from the question:
Element W = atomic radius of 0.114 nm
an ionic radius of 0.195 nm.
Element X = atomic radius of 0.072 nm
an ionic radius of 0.136 nm.
Element Y = atomic radius of 0.133 nm
an ionic radius of 0.216 nm.
Element Z = atomic radius of 0.099
an ionic radius of 0.181
Non-metallic components, on the other hand, tend to pick up electrons and shape anions, coming about in a littler nuclear estimate.
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The blanks and bottom part please!
Thank you in advance
Answers
The complete sentences are:
When all the intermolecular bonds are broken, the transition between phases is complete.The energy of any substance includes the kinetic energy of its particles and the potential energy of the bonds between its particles.What are the complete sentences on matter?Page 3:
The effect of energy in phase transitions of matter is that it is required to break the intermolecular forces that hold the particles of a substance together. When energy is added to a substance, the particles move faster and the intermolecular forces are broken. This can cause the substance to change phase.
The interactive demonstration on the sample of water shows that energy is required to melt ice and boil water. When the ice is heated, the particles start to move faster and the ice melts. The temperature of the water stays constant at 0°C until all of the ice has melted. This is because the energy is being used to break the intermolecular forces in the ice. Once all of the ice has melted, the temperature of the water starts to rise again. When the water is boiled, the particles move so fast that they escape from the liquid state and become a gas. The temperature of the water stays constant at 100°C until all of the water has boiled. This is because the energy is being used to break the intermolecular forces in the water. Once all of the water has boiled, the temperature of the steam starts to rise again.
The complete sentences:
Water stays in a liquid state as the temperature and kinetic energy of the molecules increase from 0°C to 100°C. This consistency indicates that a larger amount of energy is necessary to break the intermolecular forces and change the state of matter. At the melting and boiling points, the temperature does not change because all of the energy is being used to break the intermolecular forces.The energy needed to overcome all the intermolecular forces between molecules must be greater than the potential energy of the bonds between molecules.The transition between phases is a physical change, not a chemical change.Page 4:
Heating curves show the temperature of a substance as it is heated. The curve has a horizontal line at the melting and boiling points, which indicates that the temperature does not change during these phase changes.
Cooling curves show the temperature of a substance as it is cooled. The curve has a horizontal line at the melting and boiling points, which indicates that the temperature does not change during these phase changes.
Both curves show that the temperature of a substance increases as it is heated and decreases as it is cooled.
A heating curve is more choppy than a cooling curve because there are more phase changes during heating than during cooling.
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You are working in a lab when radiation alarms go off. You are only wearing a lab coat. Preliminary reports show that the radiation was weakly ionizing and had no charge. Were you safe?
Answers
The lab coat is not thick enough to protect you from ionizing radiation.
What is radiation?Radiation is a form of energy that we can not see with our optical eyes. We know that radiation could have a damaging effect on the body. The sort of radiation that could have a damaging effect on the body is what we call ionizing radiation.
We know that an ionizing radiation could only be stopped by a thick vest such as a lead coat. If you are wearing a lab coat, you are not safe because the lab cat is not thick enough to protect you from ionizing radiation.
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Knowing that 1.00 cal = 4.18 J, if an exothermic reaction releases 200 J, approximately how many calories is this equivalent to?
Answers
Explanation:
200 / 4.18 = 47.84 calories.
How to write H12O6 in lewis?
Answers
The molecule H₁₂O₆ does not exist in nature. The formula H₁₂O₆ suggests the presence of 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms.
However, such a configuration is highly unstable and does not conform to the principles of chemical bonding and stability. In a typical molecule of water (H₂O), two hydrogen atoms are bonded to one oxygen atom. The Lewis structure for water would represent this bonding arrangement. Each hydrogen atom contributes one valence electron, and oxygen contributes six valence electrons.
The Lewis structure for water would show two lines (representing covalent bonds) connecting the oxygen atom to each hydrogen atom. Additionally, the oxygen atom would have two lone pairs of electrons (represented by dots) surrounding it. It is important to note that the Lewis structure represents the valence electron arrangement in a molecule and provides insight into its bonding and geometry.
However, the Lewis structure alone may not capture the full 3D shape and molecular properties. In the case of H₁₂O₆, the presence of 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms is highly unlikely due to the unfavorable electron configuration and excessive charge repulsion.
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3) Two plants are grown using the same light and pots. One plant is given water that has been
microwaved and the other plant is given regular tap water. Their height is measured after 2 weeks.
What are the independent and dependent variables?
Answers
Answer:
Independent variable- nature of irrigation water
Dependent variable- height of the plants
Explanation:
In every study, there must be an independent and a dependent variable. The dependent variable changes its value as the value of the independent variable changes.
When the nature of irrigation water is manipulated, the height of the plant changes accordingly. This implies that the nature of irrigation water (microwaved or tap water) is the independent variable while the height of the plant (the response) is the dependent variable.
HELP !!
Given the balanced chemical equation:
4 Fe + 3 O2 ----> 2 Fe2O3
How many moles of iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3 , will be produced if 12 moles of oxygen gas, O2 , are consumed
Answers
Answer:
8 moles of Fe2O3
Explanation:
You can use the mole ratio give. For every 3 O2 you produce 2 Fe2O3. With this you can find the number of moles. 12 O2 multiplied by the ratio 2/3 gives you 8 moles
What is the freezing point of a solution that contains 10.0 g of glucose in 100g of H2O?
Answers
The proposed solution, which has 10.0 grams of glucose in 100 gram of water, has a freezing point of 1.034 C.
The freezing point is what?The degree of heat in which a liquid becomes solid. precisely the temperatures at which a material's solid and liquid states are balanced at atmospheric pressure.
How significant is freezing point?If a substance is kept below its freezing point, it may either become more or less dangerous. The freezing point additionally offers an essential safety standard for evaluating the impacts of occupational exposure to cold conditions.
Briefing:m = molality
i = van 'toff factor,
molality = n/w*t of solvent
n = w*t of Glucose/M* w t
= 10/180*1/0.1
=0.555 w* t
= 1.86*0.555*1
= 1.034
T (solvent) - d= 0-1.034
freezing point = -1.034C
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giving brainly if correct
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Most molecular compounds that have a mass similar to water are gases at room temperature. Because of the strong hydrogen bonds, water molecules are able to stay condensed in the liquid state, but, because of the hydrogen bonds, as water molecules come together they stick to one another for a small, but significant amount of time. Molecular water, therefore, is a liquid at room temperature
A student wants to synthesize propionitrile from ethanol. CH3CH2OH ----> CH3CH2CN Which of the following reagents would work? A. H3o+; NaCNB. SOCI2, pyridine; NaCNC. PBr3, pyridine; NaCND. NaCNE. HBr; NaCN
Answers
Since the student wants to synthesize propionitrile from ethanol, the correct answer is C. PBr3, pyridine; NaCN.
What is the chemical about?This is a substitution reaction where the hydroxyl (-OH) group in ethanol is replaced with a cyano (-CN) group to form propionitrile. The reaction requires the use of a reagent that can convert the -OH group into a good leaving group and a nucleophile that can attack the carbon atom to form the C-N bond.
Out of the given options, PBr3 (phosphorus tribromide) is the best reagent to convert the -OH group into a good leaving group (Br-) by converting it into an alkyl bromide. Pyridine is used as a base to deprotonate the alcohol, making it a better leaving group. NaCN (sodium cyanide) acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbon atom to form the C-N bond.
Therefore, the correct reagents for the synthesis of propionitrile from ethanol are PBr3, pyridine, and NaCN.
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convert 0.0054 Megasec (Msec) to Hectosec (Hsec)
i'm very confused with conversions in general but if someone could solve this and explain a little that'd be SO SWAG.
Answers
so, if you want to put it in a ratio, it would be
1:10000
0.0054:x
cross multiply
x= 0.0054*10000
x= 54 hectoseconds
how do I balance this?
Answers
Answer:
4NaHCO3---->2Na2CO3+2CO2+2H2O
175 ml of a 1.6 m solution of kcl is diluted to a new volume of 1.0 l. what is the new concentration of the solution?
Answers
The new concentration of the KCl solution after mixing 1 L new volume is 0.28 M.
How do we calculate the concentration?Concentration in terms of molarity will be calculated by using the below equation as:
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂, where
M₁ = molarity of old KCl solution = 1.6 M
V₁ = volume of old KCl solution = 175 mL = 0.175 L
M₂ = molarity of new KCl solution = ?
V₂ = volume of new KCl solution = 1 L
On putting all these values on the above equation, we get
M₂ = (1.6)(0.175) / (1) = 0.28 M
Hence resultant concentration is 0.28 M.
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The ionization energy of unexcited helium atoms is 24.6 eV. Imagine that ultraviolet radiation of wavelength 40 nm falls on those atoms. (a) What is the energy of the fastest electron ejected from atoms by ultraviolet radiation? (b) What is the speed of this electron?
Answers
(a) The energy of a photon can be calculated using the formula: Energy = Planck's constant × Speed of light / Wavelength.
Plugging in the values, we get Energy = (6.63 × 10^(-34) J·s) × (3 × 10^8 m/s) / (40 × 10^(-9) m) = 4.9725 × 10^(-17) J. To convert this to electron volts (eV), we divide by the elementary charge (e), which is 1.6 × 10^(-19) C. Thus, the energy is approximately 31.08 eV.
(b) The maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electron can be determined using the equation: Maximum kinetic energy = Energy of the photon - Ionization energy. Substituting the values, we get Maximum kinetic energy = 31.08 eV - 24.6 eV = 6.48 eV.
To find the speed of the electron, we can use the equation: Maximum kinetic energy = (1/2) × mass of the electron × (speed of the electron)^2. Rearranging the equation and solving for speed, we have Speed of the electron = √(2 × Maximum kinetic energy / mass of the electron). Plugging in the values, where the mass of the electron is approximately 9.10938356 × 10^(-31) kg, we find that the speed of the electron is approximately 1.69 × 10^6 m/s.
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PLEASE HELP 100 POINTS!!!! AND GIVING BRAINLIEST!!!!!!!!
Why should a movie producer consider filming a new version of The First Men in the Moon? Create a 6-8 slide multimedia presentation to market your idea for this movie to a production company. Rubric Criteria Points Possible 20 (10) 11-19 (6-9) 6-10 (3-5) 0-5 (0-2) Points Earned Ideas & Content Relates Theme of Novel Provides analysis of character Accurate diagram of plot 20 Establishes a theme, relates an analysis of the protagonist, effectively summarizes the plot, and maintains a clear focus throughout. Establishes a theme, identifies some character traits of the protagonist, provides a summary of the plot, and maintains focus throughout. There are a few lapses in focus, but the theme is fairly clear. Presents somewhat of an analysis of character. The plot summary is mostly correct. It is difficult to figure out the theme of the novel. The character analysis is poor or not present. The plot summary does not accurately represent the story. Organization Structure Precision Focus 20 Strong organization; seamless transitions between ideas; Effective and precise content. Organization is appropriate but conventional; Attempt at a focused and precise sales pitch. Attempts at organization, inappropriate use of lists or bullets; content is unfocused and ideas are not developed No clear organizational framework or transitions. Ideas are vague or unfocused Voice Personality Sense of audience 20 Strong awareness of audience in the design. Students can clearly explain why they felt the vocabulary, audio and graphics chosen fit the target audience. Some awareness of audience in the design. Students can partially explain why they felt the vocabulary, audio and graphics chosen fit the target audience. Some awareness of audience in the design. Students find it difficult to explain how the vocabulary, audio and graphics chosen fit the target audience. Limited awareness of the needs and interests of the target audience. Images and Music Relevance to theme Effectiveness Imagery 10 Images and music stir a rich emotional res
Answers
Answer:-Science have researched more facts and cool things about it-It would have more facts and things to learn-The quality would be better and more understandingI just tried 3 quick ideas I hope it can help a bit
Explanation:
Answer:
the answer is you should know this already :)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
GUYS QUICK HELP!
is a soda pop bottle a invention or an innovation?
Answers
Answer:
Invention
Explanation:
!Hope This Helps!
according to modern understanding, protons and neutrons are each composed of ______.
Answers
According to modern understanding, protons and neutrons are composed of elementary particles called quarks
Quarks are elementary particles that are considered to be the fundamental building blocks of matter. They are classified into different types or ""flavors"": up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom.
A proton consists of two up quarks and one down quark, while a neutron consists of two down quarks and one up quark. These quarks are held together by the strong nuclear force, which is mediated by particles called gluons. The interaction between the quarks and gluons gives rise to the overall properties and behavior of protons and neutrons.
It is important to note that quarks are never observed in isolation but are always found in combinations known as hadrons. Protons and neutrons are examples of hadrons, specifically baryons, which are composed of three quarks. The up and down quarks are the lightest quarks and are stable under normal conditions, making them the predominant constituents of protons and neutrons.
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Most of an atom's volume is found:
in the protons and neutrons
in the nucleus
between the protons and
neutrons
in the electron cloud
Answers
Answer:
most of its mass is in the nucleus
Explanation:
the nucleus consists of protons and nutrons
The sum of the atomic masses for any compound is the compound’s:
Empirical mass
Compound mass
Atomic mass
Molar mass