excess heat energy liberated by an oxidation reaction is called the

The third law of thermodynamics describes the entropy of a: solid.

The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a pure crystalline substance approaches zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero (0 Kelvin or -273.15 degrees Celsius). This law implies that at absolute zero, a perfectly ordered and pure crystalline solid will have zero entropy.

The third law of thermodynamics is not specific to liquids or gases but applies to solids. In a solid, the molecules are highly ordered and have fixed positions in a regular lattice structure. As the temperature decreases towards absolute zero, the thermal motion of the molecules reduces, and the system becomes more ordered, resulting in a decrease in entropy.

In contrast, liquids and gases have higher entropy compared to solids at absolute zero because their molecules have more freedom of movement and are not as tightly arranged. Therefore, the third law of thermodynamics specifically addresses the entropy of solids and does not apply to liquids or gases.

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Among the molecules listed, hydrogen bonding is likely to be the most significant component of the total intermolecular forces in C5H11OH and C6H13NH2.

This is because these molecules contain hydrogen atoms that are bonded to both an electronegative atom (oxygen or nitrogen) and another hydrogen atom, creating an intermolecular force called a hydrogen bond.

In contrast, CO2, CH3OH, and CH4 do not contain hydrogen atoms bonded to an electronegative atom, so hydrogen bonding is not possible in these molecules.

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Answer:

A and E

Explanation:

Backbone is the part of skeletal system and is made of 26  vertebrae in total. The backbone and bones of lower limbs together serve to support the body's weight. Backbone surrounds and protects the spinal cord. Since the vertebrae of backbone are joints together by synovial joints, it allows the flexibility and movement of organisms.

Answer:

flexibility and movement

Answer: C. The orbital speeds of planets closer to the Sun will be faster than planets farther away.

Explanation:

Centripetal force = gravitational force

\(\tt m\dfrac{v^2}{r}=Fg\)

\(\tt Fg=G\dfrac{M.m}{r^2}\)

Fg inversely proportional to distances (r)

\(\tt v^2=\dfrac{Fg.r}{m}\)

because the value of the gravitational force is getting smaller as the distance is getting further from the sun, the orbital speed of the planet will be getting smaller

Answer:

The first thing we have to do is change and state all the units so that we can use our ideal gas law equation (\(PV = nRT\)).

650 mmHg is a pressure unit, we have to convert this to kiloPascals. We know that 760 mmHg gives us 101 kPa.

\(650 \ mmHg \ * \ \frac{101kPa}{760 mmHg} = 86 \ kPa\)

P = 86kPa

T = 15°C + 273K = 288K

R (Gas constant) = 8.31 kj/mol  

Molar mass of Ammonia (\(NH_{3}\)) = (1 x 3) + (14) = 17g/mol

n (moles) = \(\frac{mass}{molar \ mass}\) \(= \frac{56.8}{17} =\) 3.34 mol

V = ?

Rearrange the equation to solve for Volume:

\(V = \frac{nRT}{P}\)

Substitute the values inside:

V = \(\frac{(3.34)(8.31)(288)}{(86)} = 93 L (rounded)\)

Therefore 93 L of volume is occupied by the ammonia gas.

Explanation:

neon has 8valence electrons

chroline has 7 valence electrons

nitrogen has 5 valence electrons

oxygen has 6 valence electrons

so neon has the most valence elctrons

Answer:

Explanation:

????? i am having trouble according this

The energy extracted from fuels is converted to ATP. in the first and second stages, the majority of the app needed for cellular processes is produced. in the first stage: True statement, in the third stage, is the fuel molecule.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the supply of strength for use and garage on the mobile degree. The structure of ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate, along with a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate agencies.

ATP is able to power mobile strategies by shifting a phosphate group to some other molecule (a process referred to as phosphorylation). This transfer is done by way of special enzymes that couple the release of electricity from ATP to mobile activities that require energy.

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The statements that are true for the different stages required for energy extraction and complete oxidation of foodstuffs are options D, e, and C.

An oxidation reaction occurs. Oxidation also can be described as the procedure of the elimination of hydrogen from the reactant species. Oxidation is the process of losing electrons by using a molecule, atom, or ion.

The oxidation of magnesium entails the chemical response between magnesium metallic and oxygen to shape magnesium oxide. Redox is a kind of chemical reaction wherein the oxidation states of substrate trade. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or a boom inside the oxidation country, likewise, the discount is the gain of electrons or a lower inside the oxidation nation.

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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete question.

Energy extraction and the complete oxidation of foodstuffs requires three stages. The energy extracted from fuels is converted to ATP.

Select the statements that are true for the different stages required for energy extraction and complete oxidation of foodstuffs. In the first and second stages the majority of ATP needed for cellular processes is produced.

a. In the third stage, fuel molecules are completely oxidized to CO2, and a small amount of ATP is produced.

b. In the third stage, fuel molecules are completely oxidized to CO2, and most of the ATP needed for cellular processes is produced.

c. In the third stage, fuel molecules are completely oxidized to CO2, and no ATP is produced.

d. In the first stage, macromolecules are converted to monomers, and a small amount of ATP is produced.

e. In the second stage, monomers are broken down, and a small amount of ATP is produced.

Answer:

1 mole of magnesium are required to react with 2.0 mol of hydrochloric acid.

Explanation:

The balanced reaction is:

Mg + 2 HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

The law of conservation of matter states that since no atom can be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, the number of atoms that are present in the reagents has to be equal to the number of atoms present in the products. That is, the law of conservation of mass implies that the sum total of charges before and after the chemical reaction remains constant.

The relationships between the quantities of reactants consumed and products formed depend directly on this conservation law, and therefore can be determined by an equation that describes them. This equality is called the stoichiometric equation.

In this case, by stoichiometry of the reaction (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), you have:

Then, 1 mole of magnesium are required to react with 2.0 mol of hydrochloric acid.

Answer:

1 mole of magnesium, Mg

Explanation:

The balanced equation for the reaction is given below:

Mg + 2HCl —> MgCl₂ + H₂

From the balanced equation above,

We can see clearly that 1 mole of Mg requires 2 moles of HCl.

Thus, 1 mole of magnesium, Mg is needed for the reaction.

Answer:

C. sorry i am late :)

Explanation:

During photosynthesis, plants intake carbon dioxide from the air and releases oxygen. Thus, they are providing enough oxygen available for humans to breath.

Photosynthesis is a bio-chemical process by which green plants produces chemical energy with the aid of light energy absorbed by chlorophyll. Photosynthetic reaction is the combination of carbon dioxide and water giving molecular oxygen and glucose.

Through photosynthesis, the amount ox oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is balanced. This balancing cycle involves respiration of animals also.

The carbon dioxide that we exhale are up taken by plants and converts to oxygen gas. This makes sufficient oxygen for all animals to breath. Therefore, photosynthesis is a stage in carbon cycle and oxygen cycle.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

Possibly a bad reaction as some people's immune systems are weaker than others

Explanation:

The reaction that take place when active metals react with acids are:

Active metals are those metals which are very reactive and are found high above hydrogen in the activity series of metals.

The reactivity of metals is determined by the ability of the meta to give up electrons to form positive ions called cations.

Therefore, active metals are those metals that readily give up their electrons to form cations.

The active metals are found in the group 1A and 2A and 3A of the periodic table.

The active metals include; sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum, magnesium, zinc etc.

The active metals react with dilute acids to displace hydrogen, resulting in the evolution of hydrogen gas.

Considering the given equations, the reactions of the active metals are:

Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)

Zn (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → ZnCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)

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Answer:

Explanation:

Earthquakes are normally caused by underground rock breaking along a fault line. The seismic waves that cause the earth to shake are caused by this sudden release of energy. The plates or blocks of rock begin to move during and after the earthquake, and they continue to move until they become trapped again. As fluid near the center heats up, convection currents develop within the Earth's mantle. Particles pass more quickly as the core heats the bottom layer of mantle material, lowering its density and allowing it to rise. The convection current is started by the growing material.

An umbrella is placed in a drink holding a volume of punch equal to 7 mL. The height of the punch rose to 10 mL. If the mass of the umbrella was 27 g, the Density of the umbrella is 9 g/mL.

Given that :

The mass of the umbrella = 27 g

The volume of the umbrella :

= height of the punch rose - volume of the punch

= 10 mL - 7 mL

= 3 mL

The density of the umbrella is give as :

Density = mass / volume

Density = 27 g / 3 mL

Density = 9 g/mL

Thus, the density of the umbrella is 9 g/mL.

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Both the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the Schrödinger wave equation led to the concept of atomic orbitals, hence option D is correct.

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle claimed that it was impossible to know an electron's position and velocity at the same time. It gave rise to the notion that an electron would follow an orbital path, along which a general area could be identified.

It is defined as the presumption that a classical ensemble is susceptible to random momentum fluctuations of a strength that is dictated by and scales inversely with uncertainty in position.

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Fatigue crack initiation typically occurs under dynamic cyclic loading conditions.

The correct option is:

a) Wear rate decreases by increasing the material hardness

Increasing the hardness of a material generally improves its resistance to wear.

Harder materials have better wear resistance because they can withstand greater forces and are less prone to surface deformation, abrasion, and material removal during sliding or rubbing contact.

The correct option is:

c) Dynamic cyclic load

Fatigue crack initiation typically occurs under dynamic cyclic loading conditions.

When a material is subjected to repeated loading and unloading cycles, especially with high-stress amplitudes, it can lead to the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks over time.

The cyclic nature of the load induces progressive damage and eventual failure due to the accumulation of microstructural changes and crack growth.

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The enthalpy of the reaction is 14 J/mol.

The enthalpy of a reaction (ΔH) is the amount of energy transferred between a system and its surroundings during a chemical reaction at constant pressure, measured in joules per mole (J/mol). This value is important because it can tell us whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic, as well as give us information about the strength of chemical bonds within the reactants and products.To calculate the enthalpy of a reaction, we need to know the amount of energy released or absorbed (Q) and the number of moles of the compound involved in the reaction (n). We can use the equation:
ΔH = Q/n
Given that 6 moles of a compound produce 84 J of energy, we can calculate the enthalpy of the reaction as follows:
ΔH = Q/n
ΔH = 84 J / 6 mol
ΔH = 14 J/mol
This means that for every mole of the compound involved in the reaction, 14 J of energy is transferred between the system and the surroundings. Since the value is positive, we can conclude that the reaction is endothermic, meaning that it requires an input of energy to occur.It is worth noting that the enthalpy of a reaction can depend on a number of factors, such as temperature, pressure, and the specific conditions under which the reaction occurs. As such, it is important to take these factors into account when calculating or predicting enthalpy values.

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Antoine Lavoisier found that mass was conserved in chemical reactions when he saw that, the mass of the products was the same as that of the reactants. Correct answer: letter C.

This became known as the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, only rearranged. Lavoisier's findings were revolutionary, as they showed that chemical reactions could be quantified and studied, paving the way for modern chemistry.

Antoine Lavoisier was a French chemist who made many contributions to the field of science. One of his most famous discoveries was that mass is conserved in chemical reactions. This means that the mass of the products of a reaction is always the same as the mass of the reactants.

This is best illustrated by the example of the chemical reaction between sodium and chlorine to form table salt. In this reaction, a very reactive metal (sodium) combines with a poisonous gas (chlorine) and results in the formation of ordinary table salt (sodium chloride). This reaction demonstrates that mass is conserved in chemical reactions, because the mass of the products (sodium chloride) is the same as the mass of the reactants (sodium and chlorine).

Antoine Lavoisier found that mass was conserved in chemical reactions when he saw that?

A) heat was released in chemical reactions.

B) the products differed greatly from the reactants.

C) the mass of the products was the same as that of the reactants.

D) the mass of the products were heavier than the mass of the reactants.

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A. putting a piece of soft iron in an outlet

Answer:

the natural and man made thing which we can see around us is known as environment. not enviorement.

Answer:

Environment means anything that surrounds us. It can be living (biotic) or non-living (abiotic) things. It includes physical, chemical and other natural forces. ... In the environment there are different interactions between animals, plants, soil, water, and other living and non-living things.

The main problem is the release of heat and thereby reducing yield of Ammonia.

Chemical equilibrium is defined as the state of a reversible chemical reaction where there is no change in net amount of products and reactants involved in it.

What is an exothermic reaction?

Exothermic reaction is one of the chemical reactions that will produces heat during the formation of products.

At the chemical equilibrium, the chemical reaction will be as follows:

\(N_{2}\) + 3\(H_{2}\) → 2\(NH_{3}\) + energy

The above chemical equilibrium equation indicates that energy will be released due to the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen. The energy release increases the surrounding temperature and thereby it will reduce the yield of the ammonia. Thus it can be indicated as the major problem.

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Answer: The molar mass and molecular weight of 4Fe is 223.38.

Answer:

Chlorine gas is produced

Explanation:

One of the methods of laboratory preparation of chlorine gas is to heat manganese dioxide with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The acid is oxidized by the manganese dioxide to liberate chlorine gas as follows;

MnO2(s) + 4HCl(aq) -------> MnCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl2(g)

Hence, When manganese dioxide is heated with concentrated hydrochloric

acid, chlorine gas is liberated.

The copper piece's initial temperature was 96.5 °C.

We may use the law of conservation of energy and the equation for heat transmission to get the copper piece's initial temperature.

The copper component loses the same amount of heat that the water absorbs. Q = mcT is the equation for heat transfer.

Q stands for the amount of heat that is transported, m for mass, c for specific heat, and T for temperature change.

The heat acquired for the water is equal to (m_water × c_water × T_water), while the heat lost for the copper object is equal to (m_copper × c_copper × T_copper).

m_copper = 240.0 g c_copper = copper's specific heat

T_copper is equal to the difference between the copper's beginning and final temperatures.

T_water = final temperature of water - beginning temperature of water. T_water = 42.0 °C - 24.0 °C = 18.0 °C. m_water = 400.0 g c_water = specific heat of water.

We can set up the equation since the amount of heat lost by the copper piece is equal to the amount of heat gained by the water:

(m_copper×c_copper×T_copper) = (m_water×c_water×T_water) m_copper×c_copper×T_copper) = 96.5 °C

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Answer:

In contrast, at each pole, you are only 6357 km from the center of the earth. Since the strength of gravity weakens as you get farther away from a gravitational body, the points on the equator are farther and have weaker gravity than the poles. ... The earth's centrifugal force also varies with latitude.

Explanation:

hope it becomes helpful to you ☺️☺️

good luck

Answer:

B

Explanation:

I think tha one is more used because it's more reasonable

By using the ideal gas law to get volume we have"

Where v is volume, T is temperatute, n is number of moles, R is the molar gas constant and P is pressure. At STP P= 101,325 Pa, T= 273.15 K and R= 8.314 J/mol K

We must first convert mass to moles:

By substituting this value into the ideal gas law we have:

1.9502e-6L of H2 gas reacted at STP

Answer:

In chemistry, neutralization or neutralisation is a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react quantitatively with each other. In a reaction in water, neutralization results in there being no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution.Neutralization reactions are the reaction between acid and base. The products formed are water and salt. It is called so because the acid and base neutralize each other to form water and salt.Hint: The neutralization reaction is the one in which an acid reacts with an equimolar amount of base to give salt and water. The example could be a reaction between any strong acid and a base. The sodium chloride formed is a result of neutralization reaction.

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