• explain the relationship between an atom’s number of electrons and its relative stability

Answer:

The mass number, atomic number, number of protons, number of electrons, and number of neutrons of the given elements and ions are as follows:

The mass number of an element is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. It is represented by the letter "A" and is usually written as a superscript before the symbol of the element.

For example, the mass number of carbon-12, which is the most common isotope of carbon, is 12.

This is because carbon-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in its nucleus, and 6 + 6 = 12.

The mass number of another isotope of carbon, carbon-14, is 14, because it has 6 protons and 8 neutrons in its nucleus, and 6 + 8 = 14.

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Step 1

The reaction:

CaCO3 + heat => CaO + CO2 (completed and balanced)

-----------------------

Step 2

Information provided:

Actual yield = 0.53

:Mole fraction is defined as the ratio of the number of moles of a solute to the total number of moles of the solution. Molality is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

It can be calculated as follows:Given:Mass percent of NaOH = 10%Mass of solution = 1 kgLet the mass of NaOH be m, then the mass of water will be (1 - m).Number of moles of NaOH = Mass of NaOH / Molar mass of NaOH= m / 40Number of moles of water = Mass of water / Molar mass of water= (1 - m) / 18Mole fraction of NaOH, XNaOH= moles of NaOH / total number of moles in the solution= m / 40 / (m / 40 + (1 - m) / 18)Molality of NaOH, m = moles of NaOH / mass of water in kg= m / (1 - m)

To calculate the mole fraction and molality of an aqueous solution containing 10% NaOH by mass, we first need to determine the number of moles of NaOH and water in the solution. This can be done using the mass percent of NaOH and the total mass of the solution.We assume that the total mass of the solution is 1 kg. Therefore, the mass of NaOH in the solution is 0.1 kg (since the mass percent of NaOH is 10%), and the mass of water is 0.9 kg (since the total mass of the solution is 1 kg).Next, we use the molar masses of NaOH and water to calculate the number of moles of each. The molar mass of NaOH is 40 g/mol, and the molar mass of water is 18 g/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of NaOH in the solution is 0.1 kg / 40 g/mol = 0.0025 mol, and the number of moles of water in the solution is 0.9 kg / 18 g/mol = 0.05 mol.The mole fraction of NaOH in the solution is the ratio of the number of moles of NaOH to the total number of moles in the solution. Therefore, XNaOH = 0.0025 mol / (0.0025 mol + 0.05 mol) = 0.047.The molality of NaOH in the solution is the number of moles of NaOH per kilogram of water. Therefore, m = 0.0025 mol / 0.9 kg = 0.0028 mol/kg.

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The freezing point of water will be lowered most by dissolving 1.0 mole of magnesium chloride (MgCl₂).

When a solute is dissolved in a solvent, such as water, it disrupts the orderly arrangement of water molecules, making it more difficult for them to form solid ice crystals. This disruption leads to a lowering of the freezing point of the solvent.

The extent to which the freezing point is lowered depends on the nature of the solute and its concentration. In this case, comparing the given options, dissolving 1.0 mole of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) will have the greatest effect on lowering the freezing point of water.

Magnesium chloride dissociates into three ions in water: one magnesium ion (Mg2+) and two chloride ions (Cl-). The presence of multiple ions increases the number of solute particles per mole, leading to a greater disruption of the water structure.

As a result, the freezing point depression caused by 1.0 mole of magnesium chloride is more significant compared to other solutes.

In contrast, naphthalene is a nonpolar solute and does not dissociate into ions in water. Sodium chloride (NaCl) dissociates into two ions, and ether is a nonpolar compound. Therefore, these substances would have a lesser effect on lowering the freezing point of water compared to magnesium chloride.

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Answer:

Milk Chocolate

Explanation:

Some chocolates contain lots of sugar, but for Dark chocolate its healthy

Answer:

Milk chocolate the bad side of chocolate is getting fat

Explanation:

have u ever tried shreks snickers before?

Explanations of each term you've mentioned: 1. Polyamide: These are polymers containing amide linkages (-CO-NH-) in their repeating units. Examples include nylon and Kevlar.

2. Polyurethane: These are polymers formed by the reaction of a diisocyanate with a polyol. They are used in applications such as foams, coatings, and adhesives.

3. Radical: In the context of polymer chemistry, radical refers to a molecule or atom that has an unpaired electron. A radical addition polymer is a polymer that forms via a free-radical chain reaction mechanism, such as the polymerization of styrene to form polystyrene.

If you could provide more information about the specific polymer you are referring to, I would be happy to help you classify it as a polyester, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyurethane, or radical addition polymer.

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To determine if a polymer is a polyester, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyurethane, or radical addition polymer, we need to consider the monomers used in its synthesis. A polyester is formed from the condensation reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

Polyamide, on the other hand, is formed from the condensation reaction of a carboxylic acid and an amine. Polycarbonate is synthesized through the reaction of a diol and phosgene.

Polyurethane is produced through the reaction of a diisocyanate and a polyol. Lastly, a radical addition polymer is formed through the addition of free radicals to monomers.

Without knowing the monomers used in the synthesis of the polymer, it is impossible to accurately determine its classification. It is important to note that each of these polymers has unique properties and uses, and their classification is based on their chemical structure and method of synthesis.

Therefore, it is crucial to know the specific monomers used in the synthesis of the polymer to determine its classification.

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Answer:

two

Explanation:

2

Answer:

two

Explanation:

nucleic acids are made up of chains of many repeating units called nucleotides. the dna molecule consists of two such chains that spiral around an imaginary axis to form a double helix (spiral.)

hope this helps :)

have a nice day !!

9.0 moles of Na3PO4 will form from 9.0 moles of H3PO4, rounded to the tenths place.

To determine how many moles of Na3PO4 form from 9.0 mol H3PO4, we need to use stoichiometry.

First, we'll identify the mole ratio between H3PO4 and Na3PO4 in the balanced chemical equation:

3NaOH + H3PO4 → 3H2O + Na3PO4

From the balanced equation, we can see that the mole ratio between H3PO4 and Na3PO4 is 1:1.

This means that for every 1 mole of H3PO4 reacted, 1 mole of Na3PO4 is produced.

Since we have 9.0 mol H3PO4:

9.0 mol H3PO4 * (1 mol Na3PO4 / 1 mol H3PO4) = 9.0 mol Na3PO4

So, 9.0 moles of Na3PO4 will form from 9.0 moles of H3PO4, rounded to the tenths place.

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Answer:

9x +6b

hope this helps

have a good day :)

Explanation:

7. the pH of 0.81 M Mg(OH)₂ solution is 9.19.

8. the pH of 0.27 M pyridine solution is 9.11.

Mg(OH)₂ is a base which dissociates to produce two OH⁻ ions.

Mg(OH)₂ → Mg²⁺ + 2 OH⁻

Let the concentration of OH⁻ ions produced be x.

Therefore, the concentration of Mg²⁺ is 0.81-x

Mg(OH)₂ → Mg²⁺ + 2 OH⁻

Initial concentration (M)    0         0

Change (M)                 -x         +2x

Equilibrium Concentration  0.81-x      x     x

Using Kb for Mg(OH)₂,Kb = Kw/Ka

Kw = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ at 25 °C.

For Mg(OH)₂,Kb = [Mg²⁺][OH⁻]²/Kw= (x)²/0.81 - x

Kb = 4.5 × 10⁻¹² = x²/0.81 - x

On solving the equation,x = 7.7 × 10⁻⁶M

Therefore, the concentration of OH⁻ ions = 2 × 7.7 × 10⁻⁶ = 1.54 × 10⁻⁵ M

To calculate the pH of the solution, use the formula:

pOH = - log [OH⁻]= - log 1.54 × 10⁻⁵pOH = 4.81pH = 14 - 4.81 = 9.19

Thus, the pH of 0.81 M Mg(OH)₂ solution is 9.19.

Let the concentration of OH⁻ ions produced be x.

Therefore, the concentration of C₅H₅NH⁺ is 0.27 - x.

C₅H₅N + H₂O ⇌ C₅H₅NH⁺ + OH⁻

Initial concentration (M)   0.27      0

Change (M)                -x       +x

Equilibrium Concentration  0.27-x     x

Using Kb for C₅H₅N,Kb = Kw/Ka

Kw = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ at 25 °C.

For C₅H₅N,

Kb = [C₅H₅NH⁺][OH⁻]/[C₅H₅N]= (x) (x)/(0.27-x)Kb = 1.7 × 10⁻⁹

= x²/(0.27-x)

On solving the equation,

x = 1.3 × 10⁻⁵ M

Therefore, the concentration of OH⁻ ions = 1.3 × 10⁻⁵ M

To calculate the pH of the solution, use the formula:

pOH = - log [OH⁻]= - log 1.3 × 10⁻⁵pOH

= 4.89pH = 14 - 4.89 = 9.11

Thus, the pH of 0.27 M pyridine solution is 9.11.

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Explanation:

I think it is d because it is a gas

Ions are  linked by the electrical charge present on them. Which is  moreover negative(-) or positive(+).

The  motes or  tittles which have lost or gained electrons are called ions. The in the imbalance between the number of protons and the neutrons.

Tittles or  motes which loose electrons come  appreciatively charged called cations and  tittles or  motes which gain electrons come negatively charged called anions.  

It's  pivotal to identify ions to understand the chemical  responses and the  conformation of  composites, because the charge present on them determines its  geste.

Also by counting the number of protons and electrons we can determine the charge on the ion.    

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Answer:

Think about it. Chemistry is the study of matter.

Explanation:

Anything that has mass and takes up space, and the changes that matter will have when it is in different environments or conditions. Chemistry is used everyday with the development of plastics, wood burning, prescriptions, cosmetics, etc. Everything you touch is made of an element. there's 5 branches of chemistry including Biochemistry, organic chemistry and physical chemistry. -(you find the others).

Chemistry studies our surroundings on a molecular level through atoms and molecules with chemical reactions and understanding the specific properties. There are patterns on the periodic table you should check out.

good luck and have fun!

Answer:

chemistry is the study of structure of substance and what happens to them in different conditions

Answer:Oxygen has 6 valence electrons

A=2

B=2

C=4

The charge of an oxygen Ion is -2

Explanation:

According to the electronic configuration,there are 6 valence electrons in an oxygen atom.

Electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons which are present in an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.It describes how each electron moves independently in an orbital.

Knowledge of electronic configuration is necessary for understanding the structure of periodic table.It helps in understanding the chemical properties of elements.

Elements undergo chemical reactions in order to achieve stability. Main group elements obey the octet rule in their electronic configuration while the transition elements follow the 18 electron rule. Noble elements have valence shell complete in ground state and hence are said to be stable.

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Answer:

First of all take separatory funnel.

Add the mixture of compounds into it.

Pour Water into it.

Add NaOH base. This will result in following reaction.

           CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH + NaOH  → CH₃CH₂CH₂COONa + H₂O

The resulting salt (CH₃CH₂CH₂COONa) is is soluble in water.

The water is the bottom layer (more density) and contains sodium butyrate.

Pour out the water from separatory funnel.

The organic layer (hexane) is left behind.

Now, take the aquous layer and neutralize it using HCl.

Once, neutralized remove the water.

Yes, the solubility of X in water at 17°C can be calculated using the given information. The solubility of X is 0.00118 kg/L.

To determine the solubility, we need to assume that all of the X is dissolved in the solution and use the solubility of X at 33°C.

Solubility of X at 33°C = 12.0 g/L = 0.012 kg/L

Volume of solution = 650 mL = 0.65 L

Therefore, the initial mass of X in the solution is: 0.012 kg/L × 0.65 L = 0.0078 kg

Now we need to determine the final mass of X in the solution after cooling. Since a precipitate has formed, we know that some of the X has come out of solution. Let's assume that all of the additional precipitate that formed came from X. Therefore, the final mass of X in the solution is: 0.0078 kg - 0.150 kg = 0.00765 kg = 7.65 g

Now we can use the final mass of X and the volume of the remaining liquid solution to calculate the solubility of X at 17°C.

Solubility of X at 17.9°C = mass of X / volume of solution at 17.9°C = 7.65 g / 0.65 L = 11.8 g/L = 0.0118 kg/L

Therefore, the solubility of X in water at 17°C is 0.0118 kg/L.

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A pure liquid has a constant boiling point because it is composed of only one type of molecule while a liquid with a constant boiling point may or may not be pure depending on the type and amount of molecules it contains.

A pure liquid refers to a liquid that contains only one type of molecule, while a liquid with a constant boiling point means that the temperature at which the liquid boils remains the same, even if the pressure changes.

Pure liquids have fixed boiling points that are equal to the liquid's vapor pressure. The vapor pressure is determined by the liquid's molecular structure and the temperature at which it is exposed. It is the pressure exerted by the gas molecules that are in equilibrium with the liquid surface.

As such, these molecules all have the same amount of energy, which means the liquid requires the same amount of energy to reach its boiling point. On the other hand, a liquid with a constant boiling point is not necessarily pure because it may be composed of a mixture of molecules with different boiling points. The molecules with the lowest boiling point will start to evaporate first, leading to a decrease in the overall boiling point of the mixture. The decrease in boiling point will be slower if the molecules in the mixture have a similar boiling point.

In conclusion, a pure liquid has a constant boiling point because all of its molecules have the same amount of energy, while a liquid with a constant boiling point may or may not be pure depending on the type and amount of molecules it contains.

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Deep-water masses retain their temperature and salinity characteristics for long periods of time primarily due to two factors: limited interaction with the atmosphere and slow circulation patterns within the ocean.

Deep-water masses are typically found in the deep layers of the ocean, far removed from the surface where direct interaction with the atmosphere occurs. The exchange of heat and gases between the ocean surface and the atmosphere happens primarily in the upper layers. The deeper waters are insulated from these surface processes, which helps to preserve their initial temperature and salinity properties.

The circulation patterns in the deep ocean are much slower compared to the surface currents. Deep-water masses can take centuries or even millennia to complete a full circulation cycle. This slow movement allows them to retain their characteristics over extended periods.

As these water masses move through the ocean basins, they maintain their distinctive temperature and salinity signatures, making them easily identifiable on temperature-salinity (T-S) diagrams.

T-S diagrams are plots that display the relationship between temperature and salinity in seawater. Deep-water masses, due to their long-term stability and slow mixing with surrounding waters, form distinct clusters or curves on T-S diagrams.

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Answer:

A.Scientists use genes to explain why evolution happens.

Explanation:

:)

Yes, the chemical equation satisfies the Law of Conservation of Mass. Because the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products in the given chemical equation, indicating that the Law of Conservation of Mass is satisfied.

The Law of Conservation of Mass states that the total mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction is equal to the total mass of the products. In the given chemical equation, there is one sodium atom and two fluorine atoms on the left-hand side (reactants), and one sodium atom and one magnesium atom on the right-hand side (products). The mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products, indicating that the Law of Conservation of Mass is satisfied.

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Answer:

CnH2n-2 where n is the number of carbon atoms

Explanation:

for example :

pentayne

C5 H (5x2 -2 )

C5H8

The meaning of guarding or protecting will refers to the combining form is phylact/o. Option C is correct.

A combining form is a word part that is attached to the beginning of a word root to create a new term with a specific meaning. The combining form "phylact/o-" is derived from the Greek word "phylax" which means "guard" or "protector"

In this case, "phylact/o-" is the combining form derived from the Greek word "phylax" meaning "guard" or "protector", and it is used to create medical terms related to guarding or protecting. For example, "phylactery" is a medical term used to refer to a protective covering or dressing applied to a wound or injury.

Hence, C. is the correct option.

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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is

"The meaning of guarding or protecting refers to the combining form: group of answer choices A) lip/o-. B) cutane/o-. C) phylact/o-. D) sensitiv/o-.

When hydrogen is added to liquid oil, it creates a type of fat known as hydrogenated fat. This process is called hydrogenation, and it is often used in food manufacturing to make products like margarine, shortening, and some types of snack foods.

Hydrogenated fats have a longer shelf life and are more stable at high temperatures than liquid oils, making them useful for baking and frying. However, hydrogenated fats also contain high levels of trans fats, which are known to increase the risk of heart disease.

In recent years, many food manufacturers have switched to using other types of fats, such as palm oil or canola oil, to avoid the negative health effects associated with trans fats. In general, it is recommended to limit the consumption of foods high in hydrogenated fats and trans fats to maintain good health.

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The correct answer is D) an ore. An ore refers to the naturally occurring form of a metal that is concentrated enough to make it economically viable to extract and recover the metal.

Ores typically contain a high enough concentration of the desired metal or metals to justify mining and processing operations. They are typically found in association with rocks or minerals and may require various extraction methods to obtain the metal in a usable form.

Options A) an element, B) a mineral, C) gangue, and E) an amalgam are not accurate definitions for the naturally occurring form of a metal that allows economic recovery. An element refers to a pure substance made up of only one type of atom. A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition and crystal structure. Gangue refers to the undesired material in an ore that is usually separated during the extraction process. An amalgam is a mixture of mercury with another metal or metals.

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