explain why people who inherit one mutated allele of the braca1 gene have a higher likelihood of developing cancer
Answers
The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have some mutations that make them unable to function correctly.
Why are individuals with deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations more likely to develop certain cancers?both BRCA1 and BRCA2: An genetic mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene is the most frequent cause of hereditary breast cancer. These genes aid in the production of proteins in healthy cells that repair DNA damage. These genes' mutated forms can cause aberrant cell proliferation, which can result in cancer.
How can having one BRCA1 gene copy that is mutated make you more likely to get cancer?Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center have demonstrated using human breast cells how the loss of a single copy of the breast cancer gene BRCA1 makes breast cells more susceptible to cancer by lowering their capacity to repair DNA damage, leading to genetic instability.
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Related Questions
Help please I will mark brainlist!!
Answers
Answer: i think the answer c
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP, WILL MARK BRAINLEST
Which of these Earth spheres interact with oceans during beach erosion?
geosphere
hydrosphere
cryosphere
atmosphere
Answers
Answer:
I would say hydrosphere
Explanation:
Because it's what interacts with the water on earth
Structures that form the voltage sensors of K channels Group of answer choices extend into the intracellular space. are embedded in the cell membrane. are located within the channel pore. extend into the extracellular space. are embedded in the cell membrane but extend into the extracellular space when the membrane is depolarized.
Answers
Answer:
are embedded in the cell membrane
Explanation:
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins activated by changes of the electrical potential across the plasma membrane. Structurally, voltage-gated Potassium (K) channels are composed of six transmembrane helices where amino- and carboxyl-terminal peptides are localized intracellularly (in the cytoplasm). The Helices 1 to 4 (H1-H4) comprise the voltage sensor domain that forms an anti-parallel helical bundle. H4 has many positively charged amino acids (Arg and Lys residues) which are key to the voltage-sensing function. Finally, Helices 5 and 6 (H5-H6) form the channel pore which is localized in the center of the protein.
Eukaryotic chromosomes contain two general domains that relate to the degree of chromatin condensation. These two regions are _
Answers
Answer:
This question lacks options, options are: A) Heterochromatin and euchromatin
B) Uniform in the genetic information they contain
C) Separated by large sketches of repetitive DNA
D) Each void of typical protein-coding sequences of DNA
E) Void of introns.
The correct answer is A.
Explanation:
The chromatin or substance that makes up the nuclei of cells and that results from the interaction of DNA with histonic and non-histonic proteins and RNA; it can present different degrees of packing or contraction. When chromosomes are stained with chemicals that bind to DNA, densely stained regions and less densely stained regions appear. Heterochromatin are segments of the chromosome that stain strongly and remain visible, practically, during the entire cell cycle. There are few genes in these regions and therefore low transcriptional activity. They are supercondensed regions. Euchromatin are segments of the chromosome that are not visible during telophase and interphase, only in metaphase. It corresponds to regions that are less compact and in which there is a higher gene density.
What might happen if buffers did not exist within the human body?.
Answers
Answer:
Our blood and other bodily fluids might become too acidic or basic. Our stomach acid would not be able to break down food.
Explanation:
Answer: Our blood and other bodily fluids might become too acidic or basic. Our stomach acid would not be able to break down food
Explanation:
true or false?two-thirds of our rainfall is returned to the air by evaporation and respiration
Answers
About 90% of the water in the atmosphere is produced from evaporation crom water bodys, while the remaining 10% comes from transpiration. These are the form of return of the water to the atmosphere in the water cycle. The rainfall is related to the process of precipitation of the water cycle, being know a the return of water to the Earth.
Therefore, for the information about the water cycle and how it work, the alternative is false because according to the known about the water cycle, rainfall is not direct linked to the return of water to the air, but to the return of water to the Earth.
what are the two distinct ""faces"" of the phospholipids that make up the surface membrane of a cell?
Answers
he two distinct "faces" of the phospholipids that make up the surface membrane of a cell are the hydrophilic (water-loving) head and the hydrophobic (water-fearing) tail.
The two distinct "faces" of the phospholipids that make up the surface membrane of a cell are the hydrophilic head and the hydrophobic tail. The hydrophilic head is polar and faces outward, interacting with the aqueous environment inside and outside the cell. The hydrophobic tail is nonpolar and faces inward, creating a barrier that separates the internal and external environments of the cell. This structure is known as the phospholipid bilayer and it forms the basis of the cell membrane.
The two distinct "faces" of the phospholipids that make up the surface membrane of a cell are the hydrophilic (water-loving) head and the hydrophobic (water-fearing) tail. These properties are crucial for forming the lipid bilayer structure that characterizes cell membranes.
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2. A nucleus contains tiny rod-shaped
boll bodies. What are they called?
Answers
solve it according to the question please.
the subject is petroleum, so please solve it regardibg
this.
F- Explain the global carbon-climate cycle during the Cretaceous period. (Write only one paragraph describing what happened during the Cretaceous geological period in order to have good source rocks.)
Answers
During the Cretaceous period, high temperatures and abundant vegetation resulted in increased \(CO_2\) levels, leading to the accumulation of organic matter and the formation of good source rocks for oil and gas.
During the Cretaceous period, spanning from approximately 145 to 66 million years ago, the global carbon-climate cycle played a crucial role in the development of favorable conditions for the formation of good source rocks. The period was characterized by high global temperatures and abundant vegetation, resulting in increased carbon dioxide \((CO_2)\) levels in the atmosphere.
The elevated \(CO_2\) levels fueled vigorous photosynthesis, leading to the accumulation of organic matter in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. As this organic matter was buried and subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years, it transformed into oil and gas, creating potential source rocks. The warm climate and prolific vegetation during the Cretaceous, along with the subsequent geological processes, contributed to the formation of the rich hydrocarbon reserves that are vital to our energy resources today.
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The correct question is:
Explain the global carbon-climate cycle during the Cretaceous period. (Write only one paragraph describing what happened during the Cretaceous geological period in order to have good source rocks.)
Circle the antigens that would exist on red blood cells if a person was type AB-blood. A antigen B antigen Rh antigen
Answers
The antigens that would exist on red blood cells if a person has type AB-blood is A antigen B antigen.
What are antigens?Antigens are substances that trigger an immune response in the body. They are typically proteins, but can also be other molecules such as polysaccharides, lipids, or nucleic acids.
ABO blood group antigens are present on the surface of the red blood cells that are responsible for the resulting blood group of a person. They follow the principle of co-dominance. Therefore, if a person has AB blood group, he will have both A and B antigens on the surface of their RBC.
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A student connects 3 batteries (3 V each) in series with a motor. The circuit has a resistance of 4.5 Ω. How much current flows through the circuit?
A 13.5 A
B 40.5 A
C 1.5 A
D 2 A
Answers
A population of land snails colonized a field of light-colored grasses. At first, the
population contains equal numbers of snails with brown bands on their shells and
snails with yellow bands on their shells (shown in Figure 1). After a period of time,
the yellow-banded snails greatly outnumber the brown-banded snails. The most
likely reason for the increase in yellow-banded snails and the decrease in brown-
banded snails is that the yellow-banded snails are
means that the yellow-banded snails are more able than the brown-banded snails
to
✪ This snail population demonstrates
Figure 1. Snails with Banded Shells
SNAIL SHELL WITH SNAIL SHELL WITH
YELLOW BANDS BROWN BANDS
Answers
The most likely reason for the increase in yellow-banded snails and the decrease in brown-banded snails is that the yellow-banded snails are better adapted to the environment in the field of light-colored grasses. This also means that the yellow-banded snails are more able than the brown-banded snails to survive, reproduce, and pass on their favorable traits to their offspring. This snail population demonstrates natural selection.
How does natural selection apply to living organisms?Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The basic idea is that individuals within a population vary in their traits and those traits that give an advantage in the current environment are more likely to be passed on to the next generation.
Over time, the population may change as certain traits become more or less common, depending on their success in helping individuals survive and reproduce.
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Move the terms to their correct description to review a variety of enzymes involved in DNA replication. Ligase Helicase Primase Topoisomerases I and II DNA polymerase III - Responsible for adding bases to the new DNA chain and proofreading the newly laid down bases - Responsible for supercoiling and untangling of DNA - Responsible for removing the primer, closing gaps in the DNA and repairing mismatched theses - Responsible for the final binding of nicks in DNA during replication - Responsible for synthesizing an RNA primer
Answers
Various enzymes play specific roles in the process of DNA replication where two identical copies of a DNA is formed.
Step-by-step solution :The process of DNA replication means the duplication of DNA strands to make two identical copies of it.
The following enzymes play their respective roles in this process-
Ligase - Responsible for the final binding of nicks in DNA during replicationHelicase - Responsible for supercoiling and untangling of DNAPrimase - Responsible for synthesizing an RNA primerTopoisomerases I and II - Responsible for removing the primer, closing gaps in the DNA, and repairing mismatched basesDNA Polymerase III - Responsible for adding bases to the new DNA chain and proofreading the newly laid down basesLearn more about DNA Replication here: https://brainly.com/question/16464230
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3. which of the cellular communication methods in model 1 appear to be for signaling between cells that are in close proximity?
Answers
The signaling communication method in model I between cells at close range is by using paracrine signals.
Communication between cells is a mechanism for one cell influencing the properties of other cells to maintain homeostasis. Communication between cells is mediated by extracellular molecules that signal to cells that are far away or to cells that are in close proximity.
The short-range cell communication method is to use paracrine signaling sites for synthesizing molecules that operate with target cells. Examples of paracrine signals are the transmission of signals across the synaptic cleft and the electrical pulses released by neurons to other nerve cells.
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What do scientists assume a thin ring indicates when analyzing tree rings?
A. a year that was cool or dry
B. a year that was wet or cool
C. a year that was warm or dry
D. a year that was warm or wet
Answers
Answer:
A. a year that was cool or dry
Explanation:
what system works with the respiratory system to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body
Answers
The cardiovascular system works with the respiratory system to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body. The cardiovascular system includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
The cardiovascular system works in conjunction with the respiratory system to ensure that oxygen is delivered to the body's cells and that carbon dioxide is removed. When we breathe in, oxygen enters the lungs and is transferred to the blood, where it binds to hemoglobin. The oxygen-rich blood is then pumped by the heart to the body's cells, where it is used to produce energy. At the same time, respiratory system carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism, is removed from the cells and carried cardiovascular system by the blood to the lungs, where it is exhaled. This process, known as respiratory system, is a continuous respiratory system cycle that ensures the body's cells receive the oxygen they need to function properly and that waste products are removed.
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which diagnostoc precodeure is used to asses the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a full, forced exhalation
Answers
The diagnostic procedure used to assess the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a full, forced exhalation is called the "residual volume" measurement.
The "body plethysmography" pulmonary function test, which measures the amount of gas in the lungs and is used to diagnose and track lung conditions such chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and emphysema, often yields this measurement.
A patient is instructed to sit in an airtight, sealed room during body plethysmography and breathe via a mouthpiece. The patient is then instructed to inhale deeply and let out as much air as they can. Shutter closes the mouthpiece after the patient has expelled as much air as they can, trapping the leftover air in the lungs. The patient is then told to perform brief breaths against the closed shutter, allowing the pressure within and outside of the lungs to equalise.
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please solve fast 3 and 4
Answers
Answer:
3. Pathology
4. HCN
Explanation:
Pathology is the study of the nature and causes of diseases.
Which statement best describes a material that has a low albedo and a low
heat capacity?
A. It reflects very little light and heats up quickly.
B. It reflects most light and heats up quickly.
C. It reflects most light and takes a long time to heat up.
D. It reflects very little light and takes a long time to heat up.
Answers
1. List three examples of qualitative data observations that could be obtained from the photograph of the
jackals.
Answers
The three examples of qualitative data observations that could be obtained from the photograph of the jackals include:
Jackals have small faces,They have bushy tails, The have long ears that stand straight up.What is qualitative data?The goal of qualitative research is to collect and examine non-numerical data in order to comprehend people's attitudes, beliefs, and motivations in relation to their social reality.
Qualitative information describes traits or qualities. It is gathered through observation, interviews, or questionnaires and frequently takes the form of stories. For instance, it might be responses to an open-ended survey or notes from a focus group on the caliber of the food at Cafe Mac.
While qualitative data is ephemeral and dynamic, quantitative data is static and "universal." For instance, the fact that something weighs 20 kilograms can be regarded as an objective fact. The information given bare based on the diagram of the jackals.
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Where does the egg receive its energy from?
options:
a. The ovum contains a large quantity of cytoplasm, which contains nutrients for the first days of development after fertilization. The cytoplasm of the ovum contains over 140 000 mitochondria to produce ATP required for growth.
b. The uterus contains over 140 000 mitochondria to produce ATP and supplies this to the egg for growth.
c. Similar to sperm it receives its energy from fructose through its path to the uterus.
d. The ovum contains a large quantity of fimbria, which contains nutrients for the first days of development after fertilization.
Answers
Answer:
Until attachment to the uterus, the developing organism is on its own. That means it needs to supply its own energy, so the cytoplasm of the human egg cell contains many energy-generating factories called mitochondria. Those mitochondria come only from the mother.
a. The ovum contains a large quantity of cytoplasm, which contains nutrients for the first days of development after fertilization. The cytoplasm of the ovum contains over 140 000 mitochondria to produce ATP required for growth.
Explanation:
 these types of cells are found in the reproductive organs and are called [germ/ somatic ]cells
Answers
Answer:
Germ
Explanation:
i learned about them
The types of cells which are found n the reproductive organs of humans are known as germ cells.
Which types of cell divisions are performed by germ cells?The types of cell divisions that are performed by germ cells are known as meiosis and mitosis. Meiosis is a type of cell division through which produces four haploid daughter cells that are not identical to their parents.
Germ cells are responsible for the production of gametes. This involves the differentiation of germ cells in order to produce male and female gametes. These cells are sometimes known as immortal because they are thought be assemble a linkage between generations.
Somatic cells are those cells that are responsible for the building blocks of the entire body. These somatic cells are only divided by mitosis.
Therefore, germ cells are the types of cells that are found in the reproductive organs.
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under which condition would the release of neurotransmitter by photoreceptors be greatest?
Answers
The greatest release of neurotransmitters by photoreceptors occurs under conditions of high light intensity.
Photoreceptors are specialized sensory neurons that detect light and convert it into electrical signals that are processed by the brain. These cells release neurotransmitters in response to stimulation by light, which triggers a cascade of biochemical events that ultimately result in the perception of visual images. Higher levels of light will cause more light-sensitive proteins to trigger the release of more neurotransmitter molecules. This is because the light-sensitive proteins in photoreceptors can only capture a limited amount of light energy. Therefore, when light intensity is increased, more of these proteins will be activated, leading to the release of more neurotransmitters. Conversely, under conditions of low light intensity, fewer of these proteins will be activated, resulting in a smaller release of neurotransmitters. Therefore, under conditions of high light intensity, photoreceptors release the greatest amount of neurotransmitters.
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Why are bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents called extremophiles?
Answers
Explanation:
in latin, extremus means extreme. philiā comes from greek and means love. extremophiles are organisms that achieve optimal growth in environmental conditions that are considered extreme, can be explained as "love"
What type of cell is an example of an
undifferentiated cell?
A. red blood
B. stem
C. nerve
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is stem cells
Question 3 of 10
Membrane proteins called pumps use energy to move hydrogen ions to one
side of the membrane. Which term describes the difference between the
numbers of hydrogen ions on opposite sides of the membrane?
A. Concentration gradient
B. Equilibrium
ОО
C. Homeostasis
O
D. Ion concentration
SNSMIT
Answers
Answer:
concentration gradient
Explanation:
concentration refer to number of ions on either side of membrane
gradient :difference in concentration on both sides of membrane
on this basis:
one side of membrane: higher concentration of h+ ion
other side of membrane :lower concentration f h+ ions
pumps transport ions from higher concentration side to lower concentration side of membrane
A dietician asks a patient about the food that the patient eats and makes the table below to summarize the results.
Macromolecule
Suggested percentage of diet
Actual percentage of diet
Carbohydrates 45–65% 70%
Lipids 20–35% 5%
Proteins 10–35% 25%
Based on the table, what advice do you think that the dietician will give the patient?
Answers
Answer: The answer is C.
Explanation:
the patient is eating to much carbohydrates and not enough lipids.
The dietician will advise the patient to decrease rice and pasta in their diet and to increase the lean meat to have a balanced diet. Thus, option D is correct.
Who is a dietician?A dietician is a person that is an expert in nutrition and diet. They provide the details and charts about the diet and food one should consume to have a balanced diet and nourishment.
As the percentage of carbohydrates is more in the diet the dietician will suggest decreasing the rice and pasta intake and increasing the protein percentage by increasing the intake of lean meat.
Therefore, dieticians will suggest decreasing carbohydrates and increasing proteins.
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The complete question is attached to the image below.
Biology: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letters only.
(It’s abt the respiratory system btw)
(I’ve answered some, but I’m not sure, so can someone do?, ASAP!!)
Answers
Answer:
Greetings !
2. B, Lungs
3. B, Alveoli
4. C, Trachea
5. C, sinuses
6. A, Adenoids and tonsils
7. C, Pharynx
8. C, Larynx
9. B, Larynx
10. A, Bronchi and Bronchiole tubes
Hope it helps !
3. Compare and contrast the movement produced by each of the three types
Answers
Answer:
strike-slip is when the blocks have mostly moved horizontally, normal is when a dip-slip fault in which the block above the fault has moved downward relative to the block below, and thrust is when the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall.
There are three faults. Normal faults originate from the divergent boundary. Reverse faults originate from the convergent boundary. Strike-slip fault originate from transforming boundary.
What are the three types of fault?We can differenciate three types of faults,
Normal fault ⇒ originate from divergent movementReverse fault ⇒ originate from convergent movementStricke-slip fault ⇒ originate from transforming movementWhat are the boundary types?I. Divergent:
This boundary occurs when two plates separate and molten material rises from the mantle creating a new crust.
The hot material creates a new seabed between the separating plates, expanding the sea bottom.
II. Convergent.
Collision area between two plates. Two oceanic plates might collide, or one oceanic plate with a continental one.
In this last case, the oceanic crust sinks under the continental plate, and magma rises to the surface by crevices.
The thicker and older plate subduces under the other plate.
III. Transforming.
The plates slide laterally with each other, and they are usually called faults.
It is associated, in general, with the oceanic ridge, although it might also occur in the continental plate.
No rocky material is either destroyed or formed.
When the plates move and produce a displacement of one transforming limits from side to side, earthquakes occur.
The movement breaks the crust and originates pronounced fractures.
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The messenger RNA copies the DNA message during the first half of protein synthesis and is complementary to the DNA Template. What did the DNA sequence that produced the following mRNA strand AGUCA look like