express the following fractions as the sum or difference of two fractions (x^2+y^2)/x^4

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

 \(\frac{1}{x^2}\) + \(\frac{y^2}{x^4}\)

Step-by-step explanation:

\(\frac{x^2 + y^2}{x^4}\) = \(\frac{x^2}{x^4}\) + \(\frac{y^2}{x^4}\) = \(\frac{1}{x^2}\) + \(\frac{y^2}{x^4}\)

Answer 2

The solution of the expression (x²+y²)/x⁴ is [(1/x² + y²/x⁴)].

What is an expression?

The mathematical expression combines numerical variables and operations denoted by addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division signs.

Mathematical symbols can be used to represent numbers (constants), variables, operations, functions, brackets, punctuation, and grouping. They can also denote the logical syntax's operation order and other properties.

The given expression is  (x²+y²)/x⁴. The expression will be solved as,

E =  (x²+y²)/x⁴

Separate the terms into two fractions,

E =  (x²+y²)/x⁴

E = (x²/x⁴) + ( y² / x⁴)

Divide the divisible terms and solve,

E = (1/x² + y²/x⁴)

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Related Questions

a) Calculate the size of angle x in the diagram
below.
b) Work out the bearing of A from B.

a) Calculate the size of angle x in the diagrambelow.b) Work out the bearing of A from B.

Answers

The angle x in the diagram is 98 degrees.

How to find the angles in parallel lines?

When parallel lines are cut by a transversal line, angle relationships are formed such as corresponding angles, alternate interior angle, alternate exterior angles, vertically opposite angles, same side interior angles etc.

Therefore, let's find the angle of x using the angle relationships as follows:

The size of the angle x can be found as follows:

82 + x = 180(same side interior angles)

Same side interior angles are supplementary.

Hence,

82 + x = 180

x = 180 - 82

x = 98 degrees

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300 km divided by 60 km/h equals

Answers

Answer:

5h

Step-by-step explanation:

300÷60=5

km÷km/h=h

=5h

if z= sinxy show that 1/y ∂z/∂x= 1/x ∂x/∂y​

Answers

\(\text{Given that,}\\\\z = \sin(xy)\\\\\text{Now,}\\\\\textbf{L.H.S}\\\\=\dfrac 1y \cdot\dfrac{\partial z }{\partial x}\\\\\\=\dfrac{1}{y} \cdot \dfrac{\partial }{\partial x}(\sin(xy))\\\\\\=\dfrac 1y \cdot \cos(xy) \cdot y\dfrac{\partial }{\partial x}(x)\\\\\\=\cos(xy)\)

\(\textbf{R.H.S}\\\\=\dfrac 1x \cdot \dfrac{\partial z }{\partial y}\\\\\\=\dfrac 1x \cdot \dfrac{\partial }{\partial y}(\sin (xy))\\\\\\=\dfrac 1x \cdot x \cdot \cos(xy) \dfrac{\partial }{\partial y}(y)\\\\\\=\cos(xy)\\\\\)

\(\textbf{L.H.S} = \textbf{R.H.S}\\\\\text{Showed.}\)

The radius of the base of the right circular cone shown below is 5 inches and the height of the cone is 7 inches solving which of the gollowing equations gives the measure 0 of the angle formed by a height of the cone and a radius

Answers

Answer:

The required equation is \(\tan\theta=\dfrac{7}{5}\).

Step-by-step explanation:

Consider the provided information.

The required figure is shown below:

It is given that the radius of the base is 5 inches and the height of the cone is 7 inches.

We need to given the equation which gives the measure of \(\theta\).

Now consider the right angle triangle making an angle \(\theta\).

\(\tan\theta=\frac{\text{Opp}}{\text{Adj}}\)

\(\tan\theta=\dfrac{7}{5}\)

Hence, the required equation is \(\tan\theta=\dfrac{7}{5}\).

The radius of the base of the right circular cone shown below is 5 inches and the height of the cone

pression
Evaluate the expression -0.4(3x - 2) + 2 + 4 for x=4

Answers

Answer:

2

Step-by-step explanation:

In this question, we will have to solve the expression with our given variable.

Plug in 4 to x and solve:

-0.4(3(4) - 2) + 2 + 4

-0.4(12 - 2) + 2 + 4

-0.4(10) + 2 + 4

Evaluate -0.4(10):

-4 + 2 + 4

-2 + 4

2

Your final answer would be 2.

An ice field is melting at the rate M (t)=4-(sin t)³ acre-feet per day, where t is measured in
days. How many acre-feet of this ice field will melt from the beginning of day 1 (t = 0) to the
beginning of day 4 (t = 3) ?
(A) 10.667
(B) 10.951
(C) 11.544
(D) 11.999

Answers

A 11.544 acre-feet of this ice field will melt from the beginning of day 1 (t = 0) to the beginning of day 4 (t = 3). So, correct option is C.

To solve the problem, we need to integrate the given rate of melting with respect to time over the interval [0,3] to find the total amount of ice that melts during this time.

First, we can simplify the given rate of melting by using the identity: sin³(t) = (3sin(t) - sin(3t))/4

So, M(t) = 4 - (3sin(t) - sin(3t))/4 = 16/4 - 3sin(t)/4 + sin(3t)/4 = 4 - 0.75sin(t) + 0.25sin(3t)

Integrating this expression with respect to t over the interval [0,3], we get:

\(\int\limits^3_0\) M(t) dt = \(\int\limits^3_0\) (4 - 0.75sin(t) + 0.25sin(3t)) dt

= [4t + 0.75cos(t) - (1/3)cos(3t)]|[0,3]

= (12 + 0.75cos(3) - (1/3)cos(9)) - (0 + 0.75cos(0) - (1/3)cos(0))

= 11.544

Therefore, the answer is (C) 11.544.

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the car is traveling along the road with a speed of v=(2s) m/s, where s is in meters.

Answers

The tangential and normal components of the acceleration when s = 10 m is 40 m/s^2 and 8 m/s^2 respectively.

In the given question, a car is travelling along the road with a speed of 2s m/s, where s is in meters.

We have to determine the tangential and normal components of the acceleration when s = 10 m.

Speed (v) = 2s  

Motion is circular so, Radius of circle = 50m

Tangential acceleration = dv/dt

Tangential acceleration = d(2s) / dt

Tangential acceleration = 2(ds)/dt

Tangential acceleration = 2v

Tangential acceleration = 2(2s)

Tangential Acceleration = 4s

As given s = 10 m

Tangential acceleration = 4 x 10

Tangential acceleration  = 40 m/s^2

Normal acceleration = v^2/ r

Normal acceleration = 4s^2/r

Normal acceleration = {4 x 10^2}/50

Normal acceleration = {4 x 100}/50

Normal acceleration = 400/50

Normal acceleration = 8 m/s^2

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The complete question is:

A car is travelling along the road with a speed of 2s m/s, where s is in meters. Determine the tangential and normal components of the acceleration when s = 10 m. Treat the car as a particle

the car is traveling along the road with a speed of v=(2s) m/s, where s is in meters.

which values for h and k are used to write the function f of x = x squared 12 x 6 in vertex form?h=6, k=36h=−6, k=−36h=6, k=30h=−6, k=−30

Answers

The values of h and k used to write the function f(x) = x^2 + 12x + 6 in vertex form are h = -6 and k = -30.

The vertex form of a quadratic function is given by f(x) = a(x - h)^2 + k, where (h, k) represents the coordinates of the vertex. To rewrite the given function in vertex form, we need to complete the square.
Starting with the function f(x) = x^2 + 12x + 6, we can rewrite it as f(x) = (x^2 + 12x + 36) - 36 + 6. Notice that we added and subtracted the square of half the coefficient of x, which is (12/2)^2 = 36.
Simplifying further, we have f(x) = (x + 6)^2 - 30. Comparing this form with the vertex form, we can see that h = -6 and k = -30.
Therefore, the correct values for h and k to write the function f(x) = x^2 + 12x + 6 in vertex form are h = -6 and k = -30.

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In the regular octagon shown below, which of the following is the minimum angle of rotation about center point C will carry the figure onto itself?
1) 15°
2) 30°
3) 45°
4) 90°

In the regular octagon shown below, which of the following is the minimum angle of rotation about center

Answers

Answer: 4)90˚

Step-by-step explanation:

(90˚ is more towards the middle

A regular octagon is a shape with 8 congruent sides.

The minimum angle of rotation is 45 degrees

The number of sides of a regular octagon is:

\(\mathbf{n = 8}\)

The total angle at the center of the regular octagon is:

\(\mathbf{\theta = 360}\)

So, the minimum angle of rotation is calculated as follows:

\(\mathbf{\alpha = \frac{\theta}{n}}\)

This gives

\(\mathbf{\alpha = \frac{360}{8}}\)

\(\mathbf{\alpha = 45}\)

Hence, the minimum angle of rotation is 45 degrees

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three circles of radius 1 are externally tangent to each other and internally tangent to a larger circle. what is the radius of the large circle?

Answers

When three circles of radius 1 are externally tangent to each other and internally tangent to a larger circle.  Then the radius of the large circle will be 2.83

The radius of the larger circle can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem. The three small circles are externally tangent, meaning the distance between their centers is 2.

Therefore, the distance between the center of the large circle and the centers of the small circles must also be 2. The hypotenuse of the triangle is formed by the centers of the small circles and the center of the large circle is the radius of the large circle. This is equal to the square root of 8

√8=2.83.

Therefore, the radius of the large circle is 2.83.

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this table shows some values of an exponential function. what is the function

Answers

Answer:

there is no table so we are therefore unable to answer this question

Step-by-step explanation:

sorry

PLEASEEEE HELP MEEEE

PLEASEEEE HELP MEEEE

Answers

Answer:

(0.5,0) , (-3,0) ,and (0,-1.5)

Step-by-step explanation:

Just look where the points touch the x- and y-axis.

It touches twice on the x- and once on the y-axis.

Hope that helps!

are there 5 100s in 0.305?

Answers

no, 5 is in the thousandths place

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

No there is only .3 hundreds

use the venn diagram to compare and contrast the definitions of the linnaean class answers

Answers

The Linnaean class system provides a framework for understanding the diversity of life on Earth by grouping similar organisms together based on shared characteristics.

By comparing and contrasting the definitions of each class, we can see how different groups of animals are related to each other and how they differ in terms of their biological traits.

The Linnaean class system is a way of organizing living things based on shared characteristics. Let's compare and contrast the definitions of the Linnaean classes using a Venn diagram.

First, we have the class Mammalia, which includes all animals that have hair or fur, produce milk to feed their young, and have specialized teeth. This class overlaps with the class Aves, which includes all birds, because some birds have specialized beaks and feathers that are similar to mammalian hair and teeth. However, birds do not produce milk.

Next, we have the class Reptilia, which includes animals that are cold-blooded, lay eggs, and have scales or plates on their skin. This class overlaps with both Mammalia and Aves in terms of species that lay eggs, such as monotremes (platypus and echidnas) and some birds (ostriches and emus). However, reptiles lack specialized teeth and do not produce milk.

Finally, we have the class Amphibia, which includes animals that are cold-blooded, breathe through their skin, and undergo metamorphosis from a water-dwelling larval stage to a land-dwelling adult stage. This class overlaps with Reptilia in terms of some shared characteristics, but Amphibia also lacks specialized teeth and does not lay eggs with hard shells like reptiles.

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Solve 14x+3=12x+5 . please help.

Answers

Answer:

1

Step-by-step explanation:

14 x + 3 = 12x + 5

or, 14 x - 12x = 5 - 3

or, 2x = 2

or, x = 2÷2

therefore , x = 1

hope this answer will help u.

alonzo, bob, and casper work bussing tables at a restaurant. alonzo has a 50% chance, bob has a 15% chance, and casper has a 35% chance of bussing tables in the middle area of the restaurant. if alonzo is bussing tables, he has a 6% chance of breaking a dish. if bob is bussing tables, he has a 2% chance of breaking a dish. finally, if casper is bussing tables, he has a 4% chance of breaking a dish. if there is a broken dish in the middle of the restaurant, what is the probability it was broken by bob?

Answers

The probability was broken by Bob is, 0.003 or 3%.

What is probability?

Mathematical explanations of the likelihood that an event will occur or that a statement is true are referred to as probabilities. A number between 0 and 1 represents the likelihood of an event, with 0 generally denoting impossibility and 1 denoting certainty.

Alonzo, Bob, and Casper are each assigned three chances to bus tables and to fix any broken dishes, respectively.

P(Alonzo bussing tables) = 50% = 0.5

P(Bob bussing tables) = 15% = 0.15

P(Casper bussing tables) = 35% = 0.35

P(Alonzo breaking a dish) = 6% = 0.06

P(Bob breaking a dish)  = 2% = 0.02

P(Casper breaking a dish)  = 4% = 0.04

As the likelihood of dish breakage does not change with the busing of the tables, this is all about independent events.

Consequently, P(A and B) = P(A) + P (B)

So, if a dish is broken, the likelihood that Bob broke it is;

P(Bob breaking dishes and busing tables) = P(Bob busing tables) x P (Bob breaking a dish)

                                                                       = 0.15 x 0.02

                                                                       = 0.003

P(Bob breaking dishes and busing tables)  = 0.003 0r 0.3%

Hence, the probability was broken by Bob is, 0.003 or 3%.

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Write the equation of the graph shown below in factored form. a graph that starts at the top left and continues down through the x axis at negative four to a minimum around y equals negative two point eight and goes up to touch the x axis at negative two and then goes back down to a minimum around y equals negative zero point four and then goes back up to cross the x axis at negative one.

Answers

The equation of the graph shown can be written in factored form as follows:

y = a(x - h)(x - k)(x - m)

To find the equation, we need to identify the x-intercepts and the minimum point of the graph.

From the description, we know that the graph starts at the top left and continues down through the x-axis at x = -4. This means that one of the factors is (x + 4).

Next, the graph reaches a minimum around y = -2.8. This indicates that the graph touches the x-axis at this point, so another factor is (x + 2).

Moving forward, the graph goes back down to another minimum around y = -0.4. Again, this means the graph touches the x-axis at this point. So we have another factor, (x + 1).

Now we have all the necessary factors: (x + 4), (x + 2), and (x + 1). To determine the coefficient "a," we can use the fact that the graph goes up after crossing the x-axis at x = -2. This suggests that "a" must be positive.

Therefore, the equation of the graph in factored form is:

y = a(x + 4)(x + 2)(x + 1)

Please note that without specific points, it is not possible to determine the exact value of "a" or the precise shape of the graph. The equation provided represents a general equation that satisfies the given conditions.

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Based on information from a large insurance company, 68% of all damage liability claims are made by single people under the age of 25. A random sample of 53 claims showed that 41 were made by single people under the age of 25. Does this indicate that the insurance claims of single people under the age of 25 is higher than the national percent reported by the large insurance company? State the null and alternate hypothesis.

Answers

No, it doesn't show that single individuals under the age of 25 have more insurance claims than the nationwide percent reported by the big insurance firm.

Hypothesis

Null hypothesis : H0: p = 0.68

Alternative hypothesis : Ha: p > 0.68

A random sample of 53 claims showed that 41 were made by single people under the age of 25.

Thus; p^ = 41/53 = 0.7736

The test statistic is

z = (p^ - p_o)/√(p_o(1 - p_o)/n)

z = (0.7736 - 0.68)/√(0.68(1 - 0.68)/41)

z = 0.0936/0.07285

z = 1.28

The p-value from z-score calculator, using z = 1.28, one tail hypothesis and significance level of 0.05,we have;

P(z > 1.28) = 0.100273

The p-value gotten is greater than the significance value and so we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is insufficient evidence to support the claim.

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The triangles below are similar.

therefore x = ?

The triangles below are similar. therefore x = ?

Answers

Answer:

x = 6.

Step-by-step explanation:

JK = JG + GK = 6 + 4 = 10

Scalar factor(k) = JK/JG

k = 10/4 = 5/2

Scalar factor (k) = JL/GH

5/2 = x/15

5 × x = 2× 15

5x = 30

hence x = 6

Find the length of the unknown side using the Pythagoras theorem

SOMEONE PLEASE HELP ME WITH THESE! ILL GIVE YOU BRAINLIST ANSWER!!

Find the length of the unknown side using the Pythagoras theoremSOMEONE PLEASE HELP ME WITH THESE! ILL

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

12

Find the length of the unknown side using the Pythagoras theoremSOMEONE PLEASE HELP ME WITH THESE! ILL

Answer:

a) 12

b) 11

c) 8

Step-by-step explanation:

Using the Pythagorean Theorem: \(a^2 + b^2 = c^2\)

a is the shorter side,

b is the longer side,

c is the hypotenuse.

a) \(a^2 + b^2 = c^2\\5^2+b^2=13^2\\25+b^2=169^2\\b^2=169-25\\b^2=144\\b=\sqrt{144}=12\\ b=12\)

b)\(a^2 + b^2 = c^2\\a^2+60^2=61^2\\a^2+3600=3721\\a^2=3721-3600\\a^2=121\\a=\sqrt{121}=11\\ a=11\)

c)\(a^2 + b^2 = c^2\\a^2+15^2=17^2\\a^2+225=289\\a^2=289-225\\a^2=64\\a=\sqrt{64}=11\\ a=8\)

find the rectangular equation for the surface by eliminating the parameters from the vector-valued function. r(u, v) = 3 cos(v) cos(u)i 3 cos(v) sin(u)j 5 sin(v)k

Answers

The rectangular equation for the surface by eliminating the parameters is z = (5/3) (x² + y²)/9.

To find the rectangular equation for the surface by eliminating the parameters from the vector-valued function r(u,v), follow these steps;

Step 1: Write the parametric equations in terms of x, y, and z.  

Given: r(u, v) = 3 cos(v) cos(u)i + 3 cos(v) sin(u)j + 5 sin(v)k

Let x = 3 cos(v) cos(u), y = 3 cos(v) sin(u), and z = 5 sin(v)

So, the parametric equations become; x = 3 cos(v) cos(u) y = 3 cos(v) sin(u) z = 5 sin(v)

Step 2: Eliminate the parameter u from the x and y equations.  

Squaring both sides of the x equation and adding it to the y equation squared gives; x² + y² = 9 cos²(v) ...(1)

Step 3: Express cos²(v) in terms of x and y.  Dividing both sides of equation (1) by 9 gives;

cos²(v) = (x² + y²)/9

Substituting this value of cos²(v) into the z equation gives; z = (5/3) (x² + y²)/9

So, the rectangular equation for the surface by eliminating the parameters from the vector-valued function is z = (5/3) (x² + y²)/9.

The rectangular equation for the surface by eliminating the parameters from the vector-valued function is found.

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What is the first x-value when the y-value of equation 2 is higher than the y-value of equation 1? Equation 1: f(x)= 2x^3 + 24x + 2 Equation 2: f(x)= 4^x

Answers

The first x-value when the y-value of equation 2 is higher than the y-value of equation 1 will be less than - 0.044.

What is a function?

A function is an assertion, concept, or principle that establishes an association between two variables. Functions may be found throughout mathematics and are essential for the development of significant links.

The equation of the functions is given below.

Equation  1: f(x) = 2x³ + 24x + 2

Equation 2: f(x) = 4ˣ

The graph of the functions is given below.

From the graph, the intersection of the graph is at (-0.044, 0.9407).

The first x-value when the y-value of equation 2 is higher than the y-value of equation 1 will be less than - 0.044.

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What is the first x-value when the y-value of equation 2 is higher than the y-value of equation 1? Equation

are 3x + 14 – x + 1 1/2 and 4x + 1 3/4 equivalent

Answers

The simplest form of 3x + 14 – x + \(1\frac{1}{2}\) is  2x + \(15\frac{1}{2}\). Both given expressions are not equivalent.

What is an expression?

Any mathematical statement that includes numbers, variables, and an arithmetic operation between them is known as an expression or algebraic expression. In the expression 4m + 5, for instance, the terms 4m and 5 are separated from the variable m by the arithmetic sign +.

Given expression is 3x + 14 – x + \(1\frac{1}{2}\)

Now combine like terms:

= (3x - x) + (14 + \(1\frac{1}{2}\))

= 2x +  (14 + \(1\frac{1}{2}\))

Convert mixed fraction to improper fraction:

= 2x +  (14 + 3/2)

= 2x + 31/2

= 2x + \(15\frac{1}{2}\)

The equivalent expression of 3x + 14 – x + \(1\frac{1}{2}\) is  2x + \(15\frac{1}{2}\). Therefore, 3x + 14 – x + \(1\frac{1}{2}\) is not equivalent to 4x + \(1\frac{3}{4}\).

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what is the value of a if the graph of ax+5y=16 isto have an x-intercept of (4,0)?

The value of a is ___________________________

Answers

Answer:

4

Step-by-step explanation:

substitute 4 and 0 into the equation so it becomes ax4 + 5x0 = 16

5x0 = 0

16/4 = a = 4

Johanna rode
8 miles in
40 minutes on her mountain bike.

Answers

Answer:

Johnson rode her bike 5 miles

Step-by-step explanation:

6 Find the area of the square below
when it is increased by a scale factor
of 5.
4 cm
2 cm

Answers

The area of the square of sides when it is increased by a scale factor

of 5 is 400cm² & 100 cm² respectively.

What is a scale factor?

A scale factor is defined as the ratio between the scale of a given original object and a new object that is its representation but of a different size.

Scale factors are used in geometrical drawings and problems to solve problems involving large quantities.

We know that,

A = s²

Here A is the area of the square and s is the side square.

Let's take the side length is increased by a scale factor of 5,

This means the new side is 5s

A = (5s)²

= 25s²

= 25(4)²

= 25 × 16

A = 400

A = 25(2)²

= 25 × 4

A = 100

Therefore the area of the square of sides when it is increased by a scale factor of 5 is 400cm² & 100 cm² respectively.

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A rectangle with a move from a right triangle to create the shaded region show but showing
below find the area of the shaded region we should include the correct unit for your answer

Answers

The area of the shaded region will be 8 square unit as per the given figure.

The rectangle has dimensions 2 x 4, so its area is:

Area of rectangle = length x width = 2 x 4 = 8 square units

The triangle has dimensions 4 x 8, so its area is:

Area of triangle = (1/2) x base x height = (1/2) x 4 x 8 = 16 square units

To find the area of the shaded region, we need to subtract the area of the triangle from the area of the rectangle.

Area of shaded region = Area of the triangle - Area of rectangle

Area of shaded region = 16-8

Area of shaded region = 8

The area of the shaded region will be 8 square units.

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Complete question:

A rectangle with a move from a right triangle to create the shaded region show but showing below find

what is the answer to the question?​

what is the answer to the question?

Answers

Answer:

ASA

Step-by-step explanation:

I think

Answer:

c

Step-by-step explanation:

both use the same middle side

(First-price procurement auction) We are used to auctions in which there is a single seller facing many potential buyers (i.e., the bidders). However, in many situations we have a single buyer who wants to buy a good (or service) from one of many sellers. In these situations, the buyer may want to run an auction. These are called procurement (or reverse) auctions and are very common both in the public and private world. In a procurement auction, sellers bid for the price at which they are willing to sell their item (or service). In this context, it is natural to talk about a bidder's cost (to provide a service or good) instead of a bidder's valuation. Let's consider a concrete example. Suppose your parents want to remodel their kitchen. They call two contractors (A and B) and ask them for quotes. Your parents tell them that they are going to run a sealed-bid first-price auction. That is, the contractors should email them their quotes, the contractor with the lowest quote wins, and gets paid her quote. Suppose that the contractors are symmetric and have private costs, and that their costs are independently drawn from a Uniform [0,1] distribution. In this simple 2-bidder procurement auction, the bidding strategy β ∗
(c)= 2
1

(1+c) is a (symmetric) Bayesian Nash Equilibrium. That is, in equilibrium, it is optimal for a contractor who anticipates a cost of completing the project of c to submit a quote equal to 2
1

(1+c) (a) If bidders follow the equilibrium bidding strategy, do they bid above or below their cost? How do you interpret the difference between a contractor's quote and their cost? (b) Write down the expression for the probability of contractor A winning when she submits a quote equal to b and contractor B submits a quote according to the equilibrium bidding function β ∗
(⋅). (c) Write down the expression for contractor A's expected payoff when she has a cost of completing the project equal to c and submits a quote equal to b, and her rival bids according to the equilibrium strategy β ∗
(⋅). (d) Show that the bidding strategy β ∗
(c)= 2
1

(1+c) is in fact a (symmetric) Bayesian Nash Equilibrium.

Answers

(a) In the equilibrium bidding strategy, bidders bid below their cost. The difference between a contractor's quote and their cost represents their strategic behavior in the auction.

By bidding below their cost, contractors try to increase their chances of winning the auction and securing the project.

This strategy allows them to potentially earn a higher profit if they win the auction and their cost turns out to be lower than their bid.

(b) The probability of contractor A winning when she submits a quote equal to b and contractor B submits a quote according to the equilibrium bidding function β(⋅) can be calculated as follows:

P(A wins) = P(A's bid ≤ B's bid)

Since the contractors' costs are independently drawn from a Uniform [0,1] distribution, the probability can be expressed as:

P(A wins) = P(A's cost + A's bid ≤ B's cost + B's bid)

Given that A's bid is b and B's bid is β∗(B's cost), the probability becomes:

P(A wins) = P(A's cost + b ≤ B's cost + β∗(B's cost))

(c) Contractor A's expected payoff when she has a cost of completing the project equal to c and submits a quote equal to b, while her rival bids according to the equilibrium strategy βx(⋅), can be calculated as follows:

Payoff(A) = P(A wins) × (b - c)

Using the probability expression from part (b), the expected payoff can be written as:

Payoff(A) = P(A's cost + b ≤ B's cost + βx(B's cost) × (b - c)

(d) To show that the bidding strategy βx(c) = 2/(1+c) is a (symmetric) Bayesian Nash Equilibrium, we need to verify two conditions:

(i) the strategy is optimal for a contractor given the strategies of other bidders, and

(ii) no bidder has an incentive to deviate from the equilibrium strategy.

(i) Optimality: Given the bidding strategy βx(c) = 2/(1+c), a bidder's expected payoff is maximized when they follow this strategy. This can be shown by calculating the expected payoff for a bidder who anticipates a cost of completing the project as c and submits a quote equal to βx(c). The expected payoff is maximized when the bidder follows the equilibrium strategy.

(ii) No incentive to deviate: Suppose a bidder deviates from the equilibrium strategy and chooses a different bidding strategy. In this case, the bidder's expected payoff would be lower than or equal to the expected payoff obtained by following the equilibrium strategy. Therefore, no bidder has an incentive to deviate from the equilibrium strategy, indicating that βx(c) = 2/(1+c) is a Bayesian Nash Equilibrium.

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a. Calculate the Slope for flights moving from point A to point B on the curve. (4 points)
b. Explain in "economic terms" your results. Please show all work as you will receive partial points. (2 points)

Answers

Slope of the flights from point A to point B on the curve The slope of flights from point A to point B on the curve is obtained as shown Slope = Change in vertical distance / Change in horizontal distance.

We can determine that the vertical change from point A to point B is 900 km while the horizontal change is 1200 km. In this case, the slope of flights from point A to point B on the curve is 0.75. This implies that for every 1 unit of horizontal change, there is a vertical change of 0.75 units. This may mean charging more for flights that move on a curved path than those that move on a straight path. Therefore, the slope of flights from point A to point B on the curve is:

Slope = Change in vertical distance / Change in horizontal distance

Slope = 900 / 1200

= 0.75.

This will ensure that the airline operators are able to cover their costs and make a profit. From the graph, we can determine that the vertical change from point A to point B is 900 km while the horizontal change is 1200 km. This has an economic implication for airlines that operate flights on this route. It means that there is a higher cost for flights that move from point A to point B on the curve compared to those that move on a straight line. This may mean charging more for flights that move on a curved path than those that move on a straight path. This will ensure that the airline operators are able to cover their costs and make a profit.

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