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Valence Electrons: Nonmetals v.s. Metals
Valence electrons in nonmetals occupy directional ___-orbitals.
Hardest substances known
Brittle, given enough ___
Metal valence electrons spread out into ___ s-orbitals.
Bonds do not "shatter"
Easily deformed (___)
Answers
Valence electrons in non-metal occupy directional p-orbitals.
Hardest substances known.Brittle, given enough force.Metal valence electrons spread out into spherical s-orbitals.
Bonds do not "shatter"Easily deformed (malleable).What are valence electrons?Valence electrons can be defined as the number of electrons that are present in the outermost shell of an atom. Also, valence electrons are typically used to determine whether an atom or group of elements found in a periodic table can bond with others.
This ultimately implies that, valence electrons is a property is typically used to determine the chemical properties of chemical elements.
What is a sublevel?A sublevel can be defined as an energy level that is associated with the electrons found outside the atomic nucleus.
The types of sublevel.In Chemistry, there are four (4) types of sublevel and these include the following:
I. s-orbital (sublevel): it has one (1) orbital i.e 1s.
II. p-orbital (sublevel): it has three (3) orbitals.
III. d-orbital (sublevel): it has five (5) orbitals.
IV. f-orbital (sublevel): it has seven (7) orbitals.
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Related Questions
Elements are organized on the periodic table based on their properties. Which statement correctly predicts and explains the chemical reactivity of two different metals? Barium (Ba) is less reactive than calcium (Ca) because the valence electrons in calcium atoms are farther from the nuclei and harder to remove. Strontium (Sr) is more reactive than magnesium (Mg) because the valence electrons in strontium atoms are farther from the nuclei and harder to remove. Rubidium (Rb) is more reactive than sodium (Na) because the valence electrons in sodium atoms are closer to the nuclei and easier to remove. Lithium (Li) is less reactive than potassium (K) because the valence electrons in lithium atoms are closer to the nuclei and harder to remove.
plz answer asap
Answers
Answer:
Lithium (Li)
Explanation:
The periodic table is the representation of the elements. According to the table, Lithium is less reactive than potassium because of the valence electrons. Thus, option D is correct.
Why is lithium less reactive?Lithium and potassium both are elements arranged in the periodic table and are placed in the same group I. The atomic number of lithium is 3, while potassium is 19.
The reactivity depends on the atomic size of the element and increases when one moves down in a periodic group. In group I, lithium has a small size as valence electrons are closer to the nucleus and harder to remove.
On the other hand, potassium has a higher atomic number and a larger size making its valence electron to be located at a larger space making them get easily eliminated.
Therefore, lithium is less reactive than potassium.
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In the reaction MnO₂ + 4HCI MnCl₂ + 2H₂O + Cl₂, which
species is reduced?
Answers
Answer:
4 HCl (aq) + MnO2 (s) → MnCl2 (aq) + Cl2 (g) + 2 H2O (l)
This is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction:
MnIV + 2 e- → MnII (reduction)
2 Cl-I - 2 e- → 2 Cl0 (oxidation)
MnO2 is an oxidizing agent, HCl is a reducing agent.
Reactants:
HCl – Chlorane, Hydrogen chloride
Other names: Hydrochloric acid
Appearance: Colorless, transparent liquid, fumes in air if concentrated; Colorless gas; Colourless compressed liquefied gas with pungent odour; Colorless to slightly yellow gas with a pungent, irritating odor. [Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas.]
MnO2 – Manganese oxide, Manganese(IV) oxide
Other names: Manganese dioxide, Pyrolusite, Hyperoxide of manganese
Appearance: Brown-black solid Black-to-brown powder
Products:
MnCl2 – Manganese(II) chloride, Manganese dichloride
Other names: Manganous chloride, Manganous dichloride Manganese(II) chloride (1:2)
Appearance: Pink solid (tetrahydrate)
Cl2
Names: Chlorine, Molecular chlorine
Appearance: Greenish-yellow compressed liquefied gas with pungent odour ; Greenish-yellow gas with a pungent, irritating odor. [Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas.]
H2O – Water, oxidane
Other names: Water (H2O) Hydrogen hydroxide (HH or HOH) Hydrogen oxide
Appearance: White crystalline solid, almost colorless liquid with a hint of blue, colorless gas
Explanation:
Answer:
4 HCl (aq) + MnO2 (s) → MnCl2 (aq) + Cl2 (g) + 2 H2O (l)
This is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction
Explanation:
why can the charge of the nucleus never be +8
Answers
Answer:
it could destroy the nucleus
Explanation:
due too much power going into it
Mrs. Richardson performed an experiment on how the type of music affected plant growth. She sets up an experiment playing rock music, jazz music, country music, and rap music to fern plants. She also has a fern plant that she puts in a quiet room. She measures how tall the plants have grown after 4 weeks. They all received the same amount of water and light.
What is the dependent variable?
a
Rock, jazz, country, rap, and no music
b
Amount of water and light
c
Type of music
d
Plant growth
Answers
The dependent variable in this type of experiment is referred to as the Plant growth and is therefore denoted as option D.
What is Dependent variable?This refers to a type of variable whose value will change depending on the value of another variable which is referred to as the independent variable. It is also referred to the variable which is usually tested or measured when an experiment is done by scientists.
In this case, we were told that the plant were exposed to different criteria such as the music types and the constants such as light and water and the effect on the plant growth will be measured after sometime.
Since the parameter to be measured is the plant growth then it is referred to as the most appropriate choice for dependent variable.
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Suppose a high-flying jumbo jet with a mass of 45,000 kg cruises at constant velocity when the thrust of its engine is a constant 80,000 N. What is the acceleration of the jet?
Answers
Answer:
1.78 m/s²Explanation:
The acceleration of an object given it's mass and the force acting on it can be found by using the formula
\(a = \frac{f}{m} \\ \)
f is the force
m is the mass
From the question we have
\(a = \frac{80000}{45000} = \frac{80}{45} \\ = 1.77777...\)
We have the final answer as
1.78 m/s²Hope this helps you
What is the mass, in grams, of a 12.0cm³ sample of aluminum? The density of aluminum is 2.70g/cm³
Answers
Answer:
The answer is
32.4 gExplanation:
The mass of a substance when given the density and volume can be found by using the formula
mass = Density × volumeFrom the question
volume of aluminum = 12 cm³
Density = 2.70 g/cm³
The mass of aluminum is
mass = 2.7 × 12
We have the final answer as
32.4 gHope this helps you
Energy from the Sun reaches Earth mainly by the process of *
1 point
conduction
convection
reflection
radiation
Answers
Answer:
D. Radiation
Explanation:
The Sun always transfers its energy to any planet (Including Earth) through solar radiation, infrared, and UV rays. These are all examples of radiation.
I hope this helps you! Good luck with your test/assignment! :D
What is the source of energy in fusion and fission reactions.
Answers
Answer:
Sun's energy
Explanation:
because Without the energy produced by the fusion of hydrogen in the sun, the Earth would quickly change into a cold planet that could not support life as we know it.
The primary source of energy of nuclear reactions is the fusion reactions of hydrogen taking place in the sun.
What are nuclear reactions?There are two types of nuclear reactions which are nuclear fusion and nuclear fission .They involve the combination and disintegration of the element's nucleus respectively.
In nuclear fission, the nucleus of the atom is bombarded with electrons of low energy which splits the nucleus in to two parts .Large amount of energy is released in the process.It is used in nuclear power reactors as it produces large amount of energy.
In nuclear fusion,on the other hand, is a reaction which occurs when two or more atoms combine to form a heavy nucleus.Large amount of energy is released in the process which is greater than that of the energy which is released in nuclear fission process.
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Why does the half-life of cancer treatment decay?
Answers
Answer:
The decay of radioactive elements occurs at a fixed rate. The half-life of a radioisotope is the time required for one half of the amount of unstable material to degrade into a more stable material. For example, a source will have an intensity of 100% when new. At one half-life, its intensity will be cut into 50% of the original intensity.
Explanation:
Jill is preparing to cook a family dinner, and she begins by gathering ingredients for the main
course and dessert. She realizes that most ingredients go through both physical and chemical
changes as they cook.
One of the ingredients for her main course undergoes physical changes. Which of the
following is a physical change?
boiling water
cooking eggs
grilling hamburgers
baking bread
Answers
Answer:
I believe it would be boiling water if I'm not mistaken
Explanation:
Answer:
boiling water
Explanation:
A student listed how different parts of the body work to aid in the digestion of food. Which of the following is a chemical change that occurs to the food?
Answers
The chemical change that occurs during the digestion of food is the breakdown of large, complex molecules into smaller, simpler molecules by enzymes and acids in the digestive system.
Digestion involves both physical and chemical processes. The physical process includes the mechanical breakdown of food through chewing and churning in the stomach. On the other hand, the chemical process involves the action of enzymes and acids to break down complex molecules. For example, in the mouth, salivary amylase breaks down starch into maltose, a simpler carbohydrate. In the stomach, pepsin and hydrochloric acid work together to break down proteins into smaller peptides.
Further along the digestive tract, in the small intestine, enzymes such as pancreatic amylase, trypsin, and lipase, along with bile from the liver, continue the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats respectively. The resulting simpler molecules, like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids, are then absorbed by the small intestine and transported throughout the body for use as energy or as building blocks for cells.
In summary, the chemical change in food digestion is the enzymatic and acidic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, which can be absorbed and utilized by the body. This process occurs at various stages in the digestive system, including the mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
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To convert from mass of A to moles of B in a stoichiometry problem, the following steps are followed:
Select one:
a. mass A → moles A → mass B → moles B
b. mass A → moles A → moles B
c. mass A → mass B → moles B
d. mass A → moles A → mass B → moles B
e. mass A → moles B
Answers
Answer:
b. mass A → moles A → moles B
Explanation:
hope this helps
To convert from mass of A to moles of B in a stoichiometry problem the steps required is mass A → moles A → moles B.
What is the relation between moles & mass?Relation between moles (n) and mass will be represented by showing the below formula:
n = W/M, where
W = given mass
M = molar mass
So the calculate the moles of B from the stoichiometry of the reaction:
First we convert mass of A into molesThen moles of B will be measured by using the moles of AHence the required steps are mass A → moles A → moles B.
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“Nature vs. nurture” is a debate about
A
whether a trait is learned or inherited.
B
the traits of plants vs. the traits of animals.
с
whether animals can teach humans new traits.
D
whether a trait was acquired outdoors or indoors.
Answers
Answer:
Letter A
whether a trait is learned or inherited
Explanation:
The nature versus nurture debate involves the extent to which particular aspects of behavior are a product of either inherited (i.e., genetic) or acquired (i.e., learned) influences. Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors.
The debate called Nature vs. nurture is about whether a trait is learned or inherited. This is an investigation on learned traits and nurtured traits in humans. Thus option A is correct.
What are learned traits ?All living things are learning something during their growth. These learning mold up one's personality and cannot be created by birth. Like the good characteristics we are learning from schools. These behaviors are called learned traits.
Some traits or behaviors are created by birth itself and they are called natural traits. The nature versus. nurture debate is a philosophical, scientific, and cultural discussion about whether human culture, conduct, and personality are largely influenced by nature or nurture.
Environment, culture, and experience are the most prominent definitions of nurture in this discussion, whereas nature is frequently regarded as genetic or hormone-based behaviors, characteristics, and dispositions.
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solubility is select one: a. the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent, regardless of temperature b. the amount of solvent that will dissolve a given amount of a solute at any temperature c. the process of dissolving a solute in a solvent d. the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature
Answers
Solubility is the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature.
Solubility refers to the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent under given conditions, including temperature. It can be influenced by various factors such as temperature, pressure, and the nature of the solute and solvent. The concentration of a solution at saturation, where no more solute can be dissolved, is equal to the solubility of the solute in that solvent at that temperature. solubility is the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent, regardless of temperature . the amount of solvent that will dissolve a given amount of a solute at any temperature
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01.05 HC) In science class, the teacher, Mr. Phillips, melts an ice cube as a demonstration. Jimmy states that he believes this is an example of a physical change. Which of the following best explains if Jimmy's claim is correct or incorrect? a This is correct because the ice has changed its composition. b This is correct because the ice only changed phases, not composition. c This is incorrect because the ice has changed its composition. d This is incorrect because the ice only changed phases, not composition.
Answers
This is incorrect because the ice has changed its composition.
A melting ice cube takes on a different shape as it begins to flow. Its makeup doesn't alter, though.
A physical change is an example of melting. A physical change is when a sample of matter undergoes a change that affects some of the material's attributes but not its identity.
The term "physical change" refers to the tearing, breaking, grinding, changing the state of matter, and dissolving of a substance. Exothermic reactions' opponent is known as an endothermic reaction. From their surroundings, they take in heat energy. This indicates that endothermic reactions make their surroundings colder as a result of the reaction. This sort of response can be seen in the melting of ice.
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When a hydrocarbon burns in air what component of air reacts?
Answers
Answer:
oxygen level reduces
Explanation:
because oxygen supports burning
which element is unreactive and has a greater atomic radius than 1
Answers
Answer:
Atomic radii vary in a predictable way across the periodic table. As can be seen in the figures below, the atomic radius increases from top to bottom in a group, and decreases from left to right across a period. Thus, helium is the smallest element, and francium is the largest.
Write the name of the Formula, Chromium(III) Sulfide
Answers
Answer:
Cr2S3
Explanation : Cr is +3
S is - 2 so when balancing it will give Cr2S3
20 POINTS TO WHO ANSWERS THIS
How can a chemical reaction be sped up?
Select from the drop-down menu to correctly complete the statement.
Increase the to allow the reaction to happen with more energy.
A) Catalyst
B) Concentration
C) Surface Area
D) Temperature
Answers
answer: D
Here is a list of the most common ways to speed up a chemical reaction
Increase the temperature (reactions that absorb energy)
Decrease the temperature (Reactions that release energy)
When water evaporates, ...
kinetic energy decreases.
thermal energy is released.
heat energy is absorbed
Potential energy decreases
Answers
Which two substances are among the four major types of organic compounds made by living things?
A. Lipids
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Water
D. Nucleic acids
Answers
Answer:
I think carbon.
Explanation:
............
how many oxygen molecules are required for glycolysis
Answers
Answer:
0
Explanation:
glycolysis requires no oxygen
Glycolysis requires no oxygen. It is an anaerobic type of respiration performed by all cells, including anaerobic cells that are killed by oxygen.
Why does energy need to be inputted for an endothermic reaction?
A)Energy is needed to form bonds
B)Energy is not needed to form or break bonds
C)Energy has nothing to do with making or breaking bonds
D)Energy needs to be inputted to break bonds
Answers
Answer:
I think C option ✔️ ✔️ correct
Determine the pH of a 0.35 M aqueous solution of CH3NH2 (methylamine). The Kb of methylamine is 4.4 × 10−4.
can you please show your work and explain the steps on how you get 12.09 as the answer
Answers
The Kb of methylamine is 4.4 × 10⁻⁴.
The pH of a 0.35 M aqueous solution of CH₃NH₂ (methylamine) can be determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation states that the pH of a solution can be determined by taking the negative logarithm of the base-to-acid ratio.
In this case, the base-to-acid ratio is equal to the concentration of the base, CH₃NH₂, divided by the acid, CH₃NH³+. The acid dissociation constant, Kb, is then used to calculate the concentration of the acid. The Kb of methylamine is 4.4 × 10⁻⁴.
After plugging in the appropriate values into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the pH of the solution can be calculated to be 12.09. This indicates that the solution is basic in nature, as all pH values greater than 7 are considered to be basic.
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Sound travels faster through solids than it does through either liquids or gases a student could verify this statement by
Answers
Group of answer choices.
A. Distance that sound travels through a solid, a liquid, and a gas.
B. Pitch of sound when it passes through a solid, a liquid, and a gas.
C. Distance sound travels through a solid, a liquid, and a gas at varying temperatures.
D. Time required for sound to travel a set distance through a solid, a liquid, and a gas.
Answer:
D. Time required for sound to travel a set distance through a solid, a liquid, and a gas.
Explanation:
Sound are mechanical waves that are highly dependent on matter for their propagation and transmission.
Sound travels faster through solids than it does through either liquids or gases. A student could verify this statement by measuring the time required for sound to travel a set distance through a solid, a liquid, and a gas.
Mathematically, the time required for sound to travel is given by this formula;
\( Time = \frac {distance (x)}{speed (v)} \)
Hence, the time taken for sound to travel through each medium (solid, liquid and gas) would be measured, recorded and compared to one another.
What is the difference between a strong base and a weak base?
A. A strong base is always more concentrated than a weak base,
B. A strong base has a lower Ki than a weak base.
C. A strong base produces more ions in solution than a weak base,
D. A strong base is not as conductive as a weak base.
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
How much is one liter
Answers
Answer:
1 litre = 1000 millilitres
What effect does high temperature have on potato germination
Answers
Answer:
High temperatures reduced the growth of tubers more than of shoots. Photosynthetic rates were unaffected or increased slightly at the higher temperature. Heat stress increased the accumulation of foliar sucrose and decreased starch accumulation in mature leaves but did not affect glucose.
Explanation:
i hope this helped <3
100 PTS IM DESPERATE NEED BY TOMMOROW
Answers
Answer:
rest will do later mom is calling me plz understand promise will do it
Explanation:
Elements and compounds are similar in that they are both made of atoms and in some cases molecules.Methods of Breaking Down CompoundsThe only way to break down a compound is through a chemical change. Sometimes, energy is needed for a chemical change to happen. Two ways to add energy to break down a compound are to apply heat and to apply an electric current.Answer:
lol
Explanation:
its 5 points
What is the name of the products that are formed in addition to your desired product, usually by a competing chemical reaction, called?.
Answers
The name of the products that are formed in addition to your desired product, usually by a competing chemical reaction, is called by-product.
A by-product is a secondary good that results from a manufacturing procedure, industrial process, or chemical reaction; it is not the main good or service being created. A by-product can be beneficial and marketable or it can be viewed as waste. For instance, bran, which is produced when wheat is milled into refined flour, is frequently composted or burned for disposal but can also be used as a wholesome component of food for humans or animals.
Byproducts are substances that are created as a direct result of the desired reaction; as a result, they will show up in the chemical equation when it is completely balanced. On the other hand, side reactions lead to side products.
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