The amount of open-loop phase change required to cause an unstable closed-loop system is known as the phase margin.
Explain about the phase margin?Phase crossover occurs at 0.010 Hz, hence the gain margin is 1.00/0.45=2.22 at that frequency. The amount of degrees that the phase angle at the gain crossover is less than 180° is known as the phase margin.
When an input change, like as a step function, is applied, phase margin reflects relative stability, or the propensity to oscillate during that response. Gain margin shows utmost stability and how much the system will swing unrestrainedly in the presence of any disruption.
When G(jw)|=1, the phase of G(jw) is greater than -180deg, which is referred to as a positive phase margin. The system's level of stability can be determined in this way. In terms of stability, a wider phase margin is preferable. System instability is indicated by a negative phase margin.
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Every motor vehicle except for
grade.
must be equipped with a parking brake that can hold a vehicle stationary on any
a) Motorcycles
b) Ambulances
c) Garbage trucks
Answer:
Motor Cycles
Explanation:
Motor cycles have no parking brake
a) Water strider bug is supported on surface of the pond by surface tension acting along interface between water and bug's legs. Determine the minimum length of this interface needed to support the bug let the weight of the bug is 10−4 N
b) Repeat part (a) if surface tension were to support aperson weighing 750N.
Describe the Types of Interactions That Determine the Extent to Which a Solute Dissolves in Solution Question What will happen if one tries to form a solution where the enthalpy of solvation is positive and very large and the entropy of solvation is positive, but small? Select the correct answer below O A solution will form and the temperature will increase as a result O A solution will form and the temperature will decrease as a result. O A solution will form and the temperature will remain constant. O A solution will not form.
The correct answer is Solute-solute interactions, solvent-solvent interactions, and solute-solvent interactions are the three attractive interactions that are significant in the formation of solutions.
Computers play a hugely important role in our lives, to be sure. It enables us to convert information and facts into useful data. It has the capacity to hold a large amount of data and aids in storing and organising data in a consistent way. Only with the aid of these computers do we employ software applications to store, access, alter, calculate, and analyse data and information. Our entire way of life is built on internet services and goods, which are only accessible through computers. Commodore International introduced the all-time best-selling personal computer in 1982. Almost 17 million Commodore 64 consoles were sold. The 64 KB of Memory gave the C64 its name.
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Consider atmospheric air at 25 C and a velocity of 25 m/s flowing over both surfaces of a 1-m-long flat plate that is maintained at 125 C. Determine the rate of heat transfer per unit width from the plate for values of the critical Reynolds number corresponding to 105 , 5 105 , and 106 .
Answer:
Explanation:
Temperature of atmospheric air To = 25°C = 298 K
Free stream velocity of air Vo = 25 m/s
Length and width of plate = 1m
Temperature of plate Tp = 125°C = 398 K
We know for air, Prandtl number Pr = 1
And for air, thermal conductivity K = 24.1×10?³ W/mK
Here, charectorestic dimension D = 1m
Given value of Reynolds number Re = 105
For laminar boundary layer flow over flat plate
= 3.402
Therefore, hx = 0.08199 W/m²K
So, heat transfer rate q = hx×A×(Tp – To)
= 0.08199×1×(398 – 298)
When you hover over an edge or point, you are activating ____________ in SketchUp?
A. Zoom Focus
B. Inference Tools
C. Drawing Tools
D. Selection Filters
Someone answer this please
unix time/ epoch time is the number of seconds since midnight of january 1st 1970. write a python function named convert utime() that reads the timestamps from a file named unixttimestamp.txt (see attached) and displays the human readable form of the supplied unix timestamp.
The `serf time ()` method is used to format the datetime object in a readable format that is easy for humans to understand.
write a python function named convert uptime() that reads the timestamps from a file named unixttimestamp?
The following is the Python program for the requested functionality:```# importing datetime module import date time def convert_ uptime(): # opening the file with the UNIX timestamps file = open('unixttimestamp.txt', 'r') # reading the file line by line for timestamp in file: # converting the timestamp from string to integer format time = into (timestamp. strip()) # converting the UNIX timestamp to a human-readable time stamp human _ timestamp = datetime .datetime. from time stamp (uptime) .serf time('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') # printing the human-readable time stamp print (human _timestamp) # closing the file file. close()```This Python program reads a file named `unixttimestamp.txt` line by line. It then converts each line (which is a UNIX timestamp) to a human-readable timestamp and displays it to the user. The `datetime` module is used to convert the UNIX timestamp to a human-readable format. The `from timestamp()` method is used for this purpose. It takes a UNIX timestamp as an argument and returns the corresponding datetime object. The `%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S` format is used in this example to display the timestamp in the `YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS` format.
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The circuit contains two single-pole single-throw switches. Use the ideal op-
amp model to determine the gain G = υ0/υs for s1 closed and s2 open.
Without a specific circuit diagram or more information about the op-amp and switches, it's difficult to provide a specific answer. However, we can provide some general information on how to use the ideal op-amp model to determine the gain for a given circuit configuration.
In general, the ideal op-amp model assumes that the op-amp has infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite open-loop gain, and zero input bias current. Using this model, we can analyze the circuit by assuming that the voltage at the inverting and non-inverting inputs of the op-amp are equal, and then applying Kirchhoff's laws to determine the voltage gain.
For a circuit with two single-pole single-throw (SPST) switches, there are four possible configurations depending on whether each switch is open or closed. To determine the gain for a specific configuration, we need to analyze the circuit and determine the voltage at the output (υ0) divided by the voltage at the input (υs).
Assuming that s1 is closed and s2 is open, we can analyze the circuit as follows:
- When s1 is closed, the input voltage υs is connected directly to the inverting input of the op-amp.
- Since s2 is open, the non-inverting input of the op-amp is connected to ground.
- Therefore, the voltage at the inverting and non-inverting inputs of the op-amp are equal, and we can assume that the inverting input is at ground potential.
- Since the op-amp has infinite open-loop gain, the output voltage υ0 will adjust itself so that the inverting input remains at ground potential.
- Therefore, the output voltage υ0 will be zero, and the gain G = υ0/υs is also zero.
So for this specific configuration, the gain is zero.
what could happen if the engine was uncowled during the starting and operating procedures
If an engine fails during rollout or just before takeoff, immediately shut both throttles and land the aircraft safely. Before reaching a safe single engine speed right away after takeoff, drop your nose to increase velocity.
What is the engine starting procedure?Closing the throttle, turning off the fuel pump, setting the mixture control to idle cutoff, and simply cranking the engine is the most reliable hot start method I've found.
What is the procedure for engine failure?If an engine fails during rollout or just before takeoff, immediately shut both throttles and land the aircraft safely. Before reaching a safe single engine speed right away after takeoff, drop your nose to increase velocity. If you are unable to climb, close both throttles and land straight ahead.
What happens if engine fails during take off?The typical practice for the majority of aircraft would be to abandon takeoff if an engine failed during takeoff. In small aircraft, the pilot should turn the throttles down to idle, activate the speed brakes (if provided), and apply the brakes as needed if the engine fails before VR (Rotation Speed).
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advanced control system and matlab
help in q2
The overall transfer function of the system with the compensator is: G_ol(s) = 10.5 * (1 + 0.2s) / (s(s+2)(s+5)(1+0.035s)(1+5.6s))
How the explain the transfer functionThe transfer function of the overall with the lag-lead compensator can be written as:
= Kp * Kz * G(s) * G_c(s)
Substituting the given values and the values of G(s) and G_c(s), we get:
= 10.5 * (1 + 0.2s) / (s(s+2)(s+5)(1+0.035s)(1+5.6s))
Thus, the required lag-lead compensator is:1.75 * (1 - 5.67s) / (1 + 0.2s)
The overall transfer function of the system with the compensator is:
10.5 * (1 + 0.2s) / (s(s+2)(s+5)(1+0.035s)(1+5.6s))
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In a parallel circuit, as more resistances are added, what happens to the total circuit current?
Answer:
the equivalent resistance of the circuit decreases and the total current of the circuit increases.
Explanation:
hope this helps
A pfas anchorage point for a &-foot lanyard must be able to hold:_________
A PFAS anchorage point for a 6-foot lanyard must be able to hold a minimum static load of 5,000 pounds.
PFAS stands for Personal Fall Arrest System, which is a type of fall protection equipment that is designed to protect workers from falls.
The 5,000-pound minimum static load requirement is based on the assumption that the PFAS will experience a shock load of 2,500 pounds in the event of a fall.
This shock load is due to the force of the fall and the weight of the worker, and it puts a significant amount of stress on the anchorage point. The 5,000-pound minimum static load ensures that the anchorage point can withstand this shock load without failing.
It's important to note that the 5,000-pound minimum static load requirement is a general guideline, and the actual load capacity of the anchorage point will depend on a variety of factors, including the type of anchorage point, the material it's made from, and the conditions of use.
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Mention any four thermodynamic properties.
Answer:
They are pressure, temperature, volume, entropy, internal energy, enthalpy, Gibbs function and Helmholtz functions
Eleanore Rigby picks up the rice in the church after the wedding. Why she might she do this?
Explanation:
It gives her a sense of purpose.
carolina has been asked to collect a substrate control at the scene of a suspected arson at a house. what should she most likely collect?
She needs to seal and gather these empty bottles. At the scene of suspected arson at a home, Carolina has been ordered to gather a substrate. a carpet remnant that was manufactured in another country.
Which of the following is a substrate control example?An arson scene's floorboards are free of any evidence of accelerants. What circumstances often result in an autopsy being conducted? When a death seems suspicious or unexplained, an autopsy is typically performed.
How does a substrate control work and what does it do?A section of clothing that is close to the crime stain and outside the region suggested by a presumptive test for a particular body fluid could be considered a substrate control; a positive result from a substrate control would not be anticipated.
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Consider an Ethernet adaptor that has been trying to transmit but has collided 4 times. What is the probability the adaptor chooses K=4? What would be the delay (in microseconds) of that delay?
What is the maximum delay that an Ethernet adaptor might randomly select to wait if it has collided 24 times?
In Ethernet networking, a collision happens when multiple devices transmit data simultaneously, and their signals overlap. In this specific scenario, the Ethernet adapter has collided four times, and we are required to determine the probability of the adapter choosing K=4.
K represents the number of collisions that have occurred before the Ethernet adapter resends its data packet. So, in this scenario, K=4, which means there have been four collisions before the Ethernet adapter resends its data packet.
The probability of K=4 can be calculated using the following formula:
P(K=4) = p^k (1-p)^(n-k) / nCk
where,
p is the probability of collision.
n is the total number of attempts to send the data packet.
k is the number of collisions.
Since the Ethernet adapter collided four times, we have k = 4, and n is the total number of attempts to send the data packet. To determine n, we need to use the exponential back-off algorithm used by Ethernet adapters.
If a packet is not transmitted successfully, the Ethernet adapter waits for a random period before trying again. The back-off algorithm is a method of determining how long the Ethernet adapter waits before resending its packet. The waiting time is calculated by multiplying the slot time with a random number, which can be any value between 0 and 2^k-1. So, if k = 4, the maximum random delay can be 2^4-1 = 15 times the slot time. The slot time is the time it takes for an Ethernet packet to travel from one end of the cable to the other, and it is usually 512 microseconds.
Therefore, the maximum delay that an Ethernet adapter might randomly select to wait if it has collided 24 times is:
Maximum delay = 15 × Slot time
= 15 × 512 μs
= 7680 μs
Thus, the maximum delay an Ethernet adapter might randomly select to wait if it has collided 24 times is 7680 microseconds.
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3.) Find the internal loads at points C and D. Point D is just to the left of the 10 kN concentrated load.
**The internal loads at points C and D can be determined by analyzing the structural system and applying equilibrium equations.**
At point C, which is typically located between two structural members, the internal loads include shear force (Vc) and bending moment (Mc). The exact values of these internal loads depend on the specific structural configuration and loading conditions of the system being analyzed. To determine the internal loads at point C, you would need to consider the forces and moments acting on the structure and perform an analysis using methods such as the method of sections or moment distribution.
At point D, located just to the left of the 10 kN concentrated load, the internal loads also include shear force (VD) and bending moment (MD). Again, the specific values of these internal loads depend on the structural configuration and loading conditions. To determine the internal loads at point D, you would need to consider the forces and moments acting on the structure in the vicinity of the point D and perform an analysis using equilibrium equations.
It's important to note that without more specific information about the structural system and loading conditions, it's not possible to provide exact values for the internal loads at points C and D. The analysis of internal loads typically requires a detailed understanding of the structure and its boundary conditions.
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Design a 3-bit binary counter using S-R flip flops.
Answer:
This is an asynchrnous 3-bit counter. Just note that this design is different and works differently than its synchronous counterpart. It's an easier design than its synchronous counterpart, and is not as reliable because it has delays.
Which of the following are the key
aspects a technical engineer will be
asked to do?
A. Build and put together
B. Design and structure
C. Deconstruct and analyze
Answer: A ,build and put together. engineer build things.
Copper (Cu) has FCC crystal structure. Atomic mass of Cu is 63.55 gmol-1 and radius of a copper atom is 0.128 nm, mean speed of conduction electrons in Cu is 1.5 × 10^6 m/s and frequency of vibration of the Cu atoms at 27 ° is 4 × 10^12 s-1. Nordheim’s Coefficient of Au in Cu is 5500 nΩ −m. a) Calculate the atomic density of copper b) Estimate the drift mobility of electrons in Cu c) Find the resistivity of pure Cu d) Find the resistivity of Cu if 1 at.% of Au is mixed in Cu. pls solve it
Answer:
First, there are 4 atoms in the FCC unit cell.
The unit volume of the unit can be calculated based on the atomic radii, in which case the hypotenuse of the cube of the unit cell would be 4 X 0.1278
Next, find the weight of one atom by taking (63.55g / mol) X (mols / 6.0221415 x 10 ^ 23 atoms)
So now you have all the numbers you need. Take the weight of the atom X 4 divided by the cube volume taken from the hypotenuse.
Explanation:
An amplifier's input voltage is 12 mV, and its output voltage is 128 mV. Calculate voltage gain.
Answer:
Amplifier gain is equal to 10.67.
Explanation:
Voltage gain of an amplifier can be expressed as this equation:
A_v = (V_output) / (V_input)
Where A_v is the gain, V_output is the output voltage, and V_input is the input voltage.
For this we will solve:
A_v = 128 mV / 12 mV
A_v = 10.67
So the amplifier's gain is 10.67.
Cheers.
Determine the reactions at the supports A, B, and C. EI is constant. Suppose that P = 13. 5 kip. (Figure 1) Determine the force reaction at A Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. Enter positive value If the force is directed upward and negative value of the force is directed downward. Part B Determine the force of reaction at B. Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. Enter positive value if the force is directed upward and negative value if the force directed downward. Part C Determine the force of reaction at C. 3 kip/ft Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. Enter positive value if the force is directed upward and negative value if the force is directed downward
The force reaction at support C is -24 kip (downward). Reactions at Support A: -13.5 kip (upward). Reactions at Support B: 27 kip (upward). Reactions at Support C: -24 kip (downward)
To determine the reactions at supports A, B, and C in the given structure, we need to analyze the equilibrium of forces and moments.
Given:
P = 13.5 kip (applied load)
EI is constant (flexural rigidity of the beam)
Force unit: kip (kips)
Distance unit: ft (feet)
Part A: Reactions at Support A
To find the force reaction at support A, we need to consider the equilibrium of forces and moments about point A. Since the beam is in equilibrium, the sum of vertical forces must be zero.
Sum of vertical forces = 0
RA + P = 0
RA = -P
Substituting the given value:
RA = -13.5 kip (upward)
Therefore, the force reaction at support A is -13.5 kip (upward).
Part B: Reactions at Support B
To find the force reaction at support B, we need to consider the equilibrium of forces and moments about point B.
Sum of vertical forces = 0
RA + RB - P = 0
RB = P - RA
RB = P - (-13.5)
RB = P + 13.5
Substituting the given value:
RB = 13.5 kip + 13.5 kip = 27 kip (upward)
Therefore, the force reaction at support B is 27 kip (upward).
Part C: Reactions at Support C
To find the force reaction at support C, we need to consider the equilibrium of forces and moments about point C.
Sum of vertical forces = 0
RB + RC - 3 (length of the beam in ft) = 0
RC = 3 - RB
Substituting the given value:
RC = 3 - 27 kip
RC = -24 kip (downward)
Therefore, the force reaction at support C is -24 kip (downward).
In summary:
Reactions at Support A: -13.5 kip (upward)
Reactions at Support B: 27 kip (upward)
Reactions at Support C: -24 kip (downward)
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A horizontal force P is applied to a 130 kN box resting on a 33 incline. The line of action of P passes through the center of gravity of the box. The box is 5m wide x 5m tall, and the coefficient of static friction between the box and the surface is u=0.15. Determine the smallest magnitude of the force P that will cause the box to slip or tip first. Specify what will happen first, slipping or tipping.
Answer:
SECTION LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:
Distinguish between static friction and kinetic friction
Solve problems involving inclined planes
Section Key Terms
kinetic friction static friction
Static Friction and Kinetic Friction
Recall from the previous chapter that friction is a force that opposes motion, and is around us all the time. Friction allows us to move, which you have discovered if you have ever tried to walk on ice.
There are different types of friction—kinetic and static. Kinetic friction acts on an object in motion, while static friction acts on an object or system at rest. The maximum static friction is usually greater than the kinetic friction between the objects.
Imagine, for example, trying to slide a heavy crate across a concrete floor. You may push harder and harder on the crate and not move it at all. This means that the static friction responds to what you do—it increases to be equal to and in the opposite direction of your push. But if you finally push hard enough, the crate seems to slip suddenly and starts to move. Once in motion, it is easier to keep it in motion than it was to get it started because the kinetic friction force is less than the static friction force. If you were to add mass to the crate, (for example, by placing a box on top of it) you would need to push even harder to get it started and also to keep it moving. If, on the other hand, you oiled the concrete you would find it easier to get the crate started and keep it going.
Figure 5.33 shows how friction occurs at the interface between two objects. Magnifying these surfaces shows that they are rough on the microscopic level. So when you push to get an object moving (in this case, a crate), you must raise the object until it can skip along with just the tips of the surface hitting, break off the points, or do both. The harder the surfaces are pushed together (such as if another box is placed on the crate), the more force is needed to move them.
What do most industries and power plants use for energy?.
Answer:
Fossil Fuels
Explanation:
Most industries and power plants rely on fossil fuels, such as coal, natural gas, and oil, to generate energy. These fuels are burned to produce heat, which is then used to create steam that drives turbines to generate electricity. However, there is a growing shift towards renewable sources of energy, such as wind, solar, hydroelectric, and geothermal power, due to concerns about the environmental impact of fossil fuels and their finite supply.
who is the strongest avenger i say hulk but who knows at this point
Answer:
or is the strongest evenger she hulk
Explanation:
?????????
Answer:
Thor!
Explanation:
In Thor: Ragnarok he beat the Hulk in order for Hulk to win thor had to be electrocuted and in Avengers: Endgame Thor is seen holding open the "Floodgates" and withstanding the radiation from a dying star, also the fact that Thor is a god means that he is all powerful and the rightful heir to the throne to Asgard, plus the fact that he has defeated Loki multiple times a feat that not even the Hulk has done.
Write the design brief (identify the problem) of mine headgear
The design brief that identified the problem of mine headgear is:
The structural structure above an underground mine shaft that facilitates the hoisting of machinery, persons, or supplies is known as a headframe (also called as a gallows frame, winding tower, hoist frame, pit frame, shafthead frame, headgear, headstock, or poppethead).
Mine headgear supports wheel systems that suspend winding cables that convey employees and ore up and down deep level shafts. These weird humanoid constructions have become the mining industry's defining emblem.
A miner's helmet consists of four major components:
Part 1: The hoist or winch is in a winding house. This component of the system is responsible for winding and unwinding the steel cable.
A motor and a control system are connected to the hoist.
When a steel cable unwinds from the winch, the mine cage and skips are lowered into the mine.
When the steel cable is wound up again, the mine cage and skips are elevated.
The sheave wheel is a pulley wheel that stands above the mining shaft in Part 2. The hoist rope travels over the sheave wheel and down the mine shaft.
The sheave wheel minimizes the mine cable's sliding friction.
Part 3: The head frame is the framework that holds the sheave wheel in place. When lifting the heavy mine cage, it must be robust enough to maintain the sheave wheel in place.
The head frame's left "legs" slope towards the hoist. This is due to the cable's strain dragging the entire frame in that direction. The sloping legs keep the head frame from tipping or collapsing.
Part 4: The cage and the jumps. Miners and equipment are transported up and down the mine in the cage. Skips are attached beside or beneath the cage.
Skips are used to transport ore and waste materials from mines.
What is a design brief?A design brief, also called as a creative brief, is a program management document that identifies the scope, scale, and key aspects of your impending design project.
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Jess likes to play Mario Bros on the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). In what
era were these gaming systems first released?
(1 point)
1970s
1980s
1990s
O2000s
The very first Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) came out in October 18, 1985. So, it would be in the 1980s.
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Hope this helps!
Have a great day and God bless! :)
Under the right conditions, it is possible, due to surface tension,to have metal objects float on water. Consider placing a shortlength of a small diameter steel ( γ = 490 lb/ft3)rod on a surface of water. What is the maximum diameter that therod can have before it will sink? Assume that the surface tensionforces act vertically upward. Note: A standard paper cliphas a diameter of 0.036 in. Partially unfold a paper clip and seeif you can get it to float on water. Do the results of thisexperiment support your analysis?
Answer:
A) 0.0614 inches
b) The standard steel paper clip should float on water
Explanation:
The maximum diameter that the rod can have before it will sink
we can calculate this using this formula :
D = \((\frac{8\alpha }{\pi y } )^{\frac{1}{2} }\) ----- 1
∝ = value of surface tension of water at 60⁰f = 5.03×10^−3 lb/ft
y = 490 Ib/ft^3
input the given values into equation 1 above
D = \((\frac{8*(5.3*10^{-3}) }{\pi *490 } )^{\frac{1}{2} }\)
= 5.11 * 10^-3 ft convert to inches
= 5.11 *10^-3 ( 12 in/ 1 ft ) = 0.0614 inches
B) The diameter of a standard paper Cliphas = 0.036 inches
and the diameter of the rod = 0.0614. Hence the standard steel paper clip should float on water
A conceptual issue can be resolved by which of the following?
Answer:
Investigation or empircial research
Explanation:
gimme brainliest pls
A regulator is required on a nitrogen cylinder to
A regulator is required on a nitrogen cylinder in order to reduce very high pressure within the gas cylinder to a safer pressure.
What is a regulator?A regulator can be defined as a mechanical device that is designed and developed to ensure that a controlled amount of nitrogen gas is supplied from a gas cylinder.
This ultimately implies that, a regulator is required on a nitrogen cylinder in order to reduce very high pressure within the gas cylinder to a safer pressure.
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