Generalized defense responses in organs distant from the infection site are called _____.
A. hyperactive responses
B. systemic acquired resistance
C. pleiotropy
D. hyperplasia

Answers

Answer 1

The correct answer is systemic acquired resistance.

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an induced defense mechanism that offers enduring immunity against a wide range of pathogens. SAR is dependent on the signal molecule salicylic acid (SA), and it is linked to the buildup of proteins involved in pathogenesis, which are hypothesized to be a factor in resistance.

Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the process of SAR. It was found that the isochorismate pathway is the main source of SA during SAR using the model plant Arabidopsis. The positive regulator protein NPR1 travels to the nucleus in response to SA, where it interacts with TGA transcription factors to activate SAR by inducing the production of defense genes. Exciting new information suggests that a lipid molecule may be the mobile signal for SAR.

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Related Questions

what is the name of the process used to make ATP by cells that have no oxygen available?

Answers

Answer:

glycolysis ( anaerobic respiration)

Explanation:

5. What are virus hoaxes? Why are the hoaxes sometimes more dangerous than an actual virus?

Answers

Answer:

An actual computer virus is a malicious software, often known as malware, that can harm a computer and its users.

Virus hoaxes are false or misleading information about viruses that circulate through various communication channels.

They can be more dangerous than actual viruses due to their ability to spread quickly, cause panic, and undermine effective public health measures.

Virus hoaxes are deceptive messages or claims that often exaggerate the severity or impact of a particular virus. They can be spread through social media, email chains, or word of mouth. These hoaxes may include misinformation about symptoms, transmission methods, or false remedies, leading people to take ineffective or even harmful actions.

What makes virus hoaxes particularly dangerous is their potential to create panic and misinformation at a rapid pace. The viral nature of social media and other communication platforms allows these hoaxes to reach a wide audience within a short period. As a result, people may make decisions based on false information, such as avoiding necessary medical treatment, taking unnecessary precautions, or spreading fear and misinformation to others.

Moreover, virus hoaxes can undermine public health efforts by diverting attention and resources from legitimate preventive measures. They can erode trust in healthcare authorities and disrupt the dissemination of accurate information, making it harder for individuals to make informed decisions and follow recommended guidelines.

This can have severe consequences, especially during outbreaks or pandemics, where timely and accurate information is crucial for public safety. Therefore, it is essential to verify the credibility of information and rely on trusted sources to mitigate the risks associated with virus hoaxes.

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If fungi do not require sunlight for photosynthesis, then is a fungus an autotroph or heterotroph?

Answers

Answer: Heterotroph

Explanation:

All fungi are heterotrophic, which means that they get the energy they need to live from other organisms.

Question 9 of 25
What difference between bacteria and viruses shows that bacteria are living
organisms and viruses are not?
A. Only bacteria have DNA with no nuclei.
B. Only bacteria can use conjugation.
C. Only bacteria can reproduce outside a host.
D. Only bacteria reproduce asexually.
SUBMIT

Answers

Answer:

C. Only bacteria can reproduce outside a host.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bacterial soft rot?
O Foul odor
O Tissues become saturated
O Leaf tips dry out
P
ang
Bacteria clogs vascular system
1
2.

Answers

Answer:

answer is leaf tips dont dry out

oxalic acid, a component of fiber, can inhibit the absorption of multiple choice calcium. vitamin a. protein. thiamin.

Answers

Oxalic acid, a component of fiber, can inhibit the absorption of calcium.

What is the significance of calcium in our body?

Oxalates have the ability to attach to minerals and stop the body from absorbing them. For instance, the high oxalate concentration in spinach may prevent the absorption of calcium.

Calcium is a mineral that is most frequently linked to strong bones and teeth, but it also plays a critical role in blood clotting, assisting with muscular contraction, and regulating regular heartbeats and nerve activity.

Your body needs calcium to create and maintain strong bones and to perform many other vital processes.

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help ill never be done with school if i dont do this

help ill never be done with school if i dont do this

Answers

I hope this helps, good luck!
help ill never be done with school if i dont do this

In the United States,|9999 out of 10,000 people do NOT have Huntington's disease (an autosomal dominant disease). Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, calculate the frequency of the three genotypes (homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive). Show your work.

Answers

The frequency of the three genotypes are 0.01% for homozygous dominant (AA), 1.98% for heterozygous (Aa), and 98.01% for homozygous recessive (aa).

In the United States, the frequency of the Huntington's disease allele is q = 1/100, while the frequency of the normal allele is p = 99/100. In autosomal dominant diseases, the frequency of the disease is given by the dominant homozygous genotype (AA) and the heterozygous genotype (Aa).

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that the sum of the frequencies of these two genotypes equals the frequency of the dominant allele q. Thus, p^2 + 2pq = 1 - q. Substituting in the given values, we get p^2 + 2pq = 0.99, and q = 0.01. Using algebra, we can solve for the three genotypes.

Let X be the frequency of the dominant homozygous genotype, Y be the frequency of the heterozygous genotype, and Z be the frequency of the recessive homozygous genotype.

Then,

X + Y + Z = 1, and

X = q^2, Y = 2pq, and Z = p^2.

Substituting in the given values, we get

X = 0.0001,

Y = 0.0198, and

Z = 0.9801.

Thus, the frequency of the three genotypes are 0.01% for homozygous dominant (AA), 1.98% for heterozygous (Aa), and 98.01% for homozygous recessive (aa). The sum of these frequencies equals 100%.

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Write the sequence of the mRNA strand that would be coded from the following strand of DNA:
TACCGAATTCGC
Please help me with this!!!

Answers

Answer:

DNA: TACCGAATTCGC

mRNA: AUGGCUUAAGCG

RNA: A=U, T=A, G=C

RNA contains Uracil and Thymine is no longer present

What would happen to the beetle population if, over a period of many years, the bark on all the trees becomes spotted?




The population of spotted beetles would increase and the population of plain beetles
would decrease

The population of plain beetles would increase and the population of spotted beetles
would stay the same

The population of plain beetles would increase and the population of spotted beetles
would decrease

The population of spotted beetles would increase and the population of plain beetles
would increase

Answers

I think the answer is A. The population of spotted beetles would increase and the population of plain beetles would decrease.

State one hypothesis for the above experiment​

State one hypothesis for the above experiment

Answers

Hypothesis:

Plant 1 will become parched and die after receiving no water.

Plant 2 will be properly sated after receiving 20ml water every day, and will thrive.

Plant 3 will likely become overwatered and drown after receiving 40ml of water every day.

how does a competition between animals help create a healthy forest?

Answers

Answer:

Making modifications to increase their chances of survival and reproduction.

Explanation:

hope this helps:)

Chickens are divided into two groups: broilers and layers. What is one point of comparison between these two types of chickens?

A.
There are more males than females.

B.
There are equal numbers of layers and broilers.

C.
There are more layers than broilers.

D.
There are more broilers than layers.

Answers

There are more broilers than layers. Chickens are divided into two main groups: broilers and layers. Broilers are chickens that are raised for their meat, while layers are chickens that are raised for their eggs. One point of comparison between these two types of chickens is the number of broilers and layers. In general, there are more broilers than layers because broilers are raised in much larger numbers than layers. This is because the demand for chicken meat is much higher than the demand for eggs, so more chickens are raised for meat than for eggs. Therefore, the answer to the question is that there are more broilers than layers.

Which viral replication cycle is represented in part A of this diagram?
O A. Dormant cycle
OB. Replication cycle
C. Lysogenic cycle
O D. Lytic cycle​

Which viral replication cycle is represented in part A of this diagram?O A. Dormant cycleOB. Replication

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - option D. lytic cycle.

Explanation:

The lytic cycle is one of the two viral reproduction cycle. Generally, it is the major reproduction cycle. In this cycle reproduction of the viruses takes place inside the host cell and produce more viruses. In the production of the more viruses the host cell and it''s destruction takes place in the end. The 5 steps that takes place are as follows:

1- attachment - viruses attach to the cell.

2-penetration- only nucleic acid or genetic material is injected into the host cell through the hole made by the tail fibers and enzymes.

3- synthesis - replication of viral nucleic acid and protein and envelope.

4- assembly - assembling of the new viruses formed.

5- release.

Thus, the correct answer is - option D.

Answer:

d

Explanation:

it’s right

Give two structural features that can be used to separate housefly and millipede
to respective classes​

Answers

Having wings or no wings. Second is number of legs.

(Hope this is correct and helps)

Two structural features that can be used to separate a housefly and a millipede are winged vs. wingless and legs per body segment.

What separates a housefly and millipede?

Houseflies and millipedes can be distinguished based on several key characteristics:

Body Structure: Houseflies have a compact body structure with a single pair of wings and six legs attached to the thorax. In contrast, millipedes have an elongated and segmented body with numerous pairs of legs. The number of legs in millipedes can vary, but they typically have more than six pairs.

Winged vs. Wingless: Houseflies possess fully developed wings, enabling them to fly, while millipedes lack wings and are incapable of flight. Instead, millipedes rely on their numerous legs for movement.

Habitat and Behavior: Houseflies are commonly found in diverse environments, including urban areas, where they are attracted to food sources. They are known for their ability to quickly move and hover in the air. On the other hand, millipedes are primarily found in damp environments such as forests or gardens, where they feed on decaying organic matter and vegetation.

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*Which of the following is a genotype? Mark all that apply.
Blue eyes
Brown hair
Tt
White flowers

Answers

Answer:

Tt

Explanation:

Genotypes are genetic characteristics of an organism. Phenotypes are physical characteristics of an organism. Having blue eyes and brown hair are both phenotypes, including white flowers. When you’re talking about genotypes, you’re referring to WHAT genotype a phenotype is. For example, the genotype for the white flower is rr, and the genotype for the pink flower is Rr. Tt is the only answer that’s considered a genotype.

Hope it helps. ^w^

Which figure depicts a transverse plane? Select one:
a.l
b. ll
c. None
d. lll​

Answers

b. A plane dividing the body into upper and lower sections is the best representation of a transverse plane in relation to the human body. It cuts across the body horizontally, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, separating the upper portion (superior) from the lower portion (inferior). So, option B is the right choice.

A transverse plane is a plane that cuts across the body horizontally, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.It divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections.
This plane is often referred to as a horizontal plane or axial plane as well.The transverse plane is useful in anatomical and medical contexts as it allows for the examination of structures and organs in a cross-sectional view.For example, a transverse plane can be used to study and analyze the internal organs of the abdomen or the cross-section of a bone.Option a. (a plane dividing the body into front and back sections) represents a sagittal plane.Option c. (a plane dividing the body into left and right sections) represents a coronal or frontal plane.Option d. (a plane dividing the body into diagonal sections) does not accurately represent a transverse plane.

Therefore, option b. (a plane dividing the body into upper and lower sections) is the best representation of a transverse plane in relation to the human body.

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The complete question may be like:

Which of the following best represents the orientation of a transverse plane in relation to the human body?

a. A plane dividing the body into front and back sections.

b. A plane dividing the body into upper and lower sections.

c. A plane dividing the body into left and right sections.

d. A plane dividing the body into diagonal sections.

Evaluate the impact of human activities on air and water quality
QUICK PLZ IM ALMOST DONEEEEE

Answers

Answer:

its all bad

Explanation:

pollution is everywhere due to cars factorys and everything people do is bad

Given that breaking bonds requires energy and forming bonds releases energy, explain how we know that cellular respiration releases energy overall?

Answers

Cellular respiration releases energy because the bonds in carbohydrates are broken during the reaction.

During cellular respiration, carbohydrates are broken down in a series of reactions, and the energy in the bonds is released as ATP, the energy currency of cells.

The reaction is in 3 steps:

GlycolysisKreb's cycleElectron transport chain

The summary of the reactions is represented by the equation below:

\(C_6H_1_2O_6 + 6O_2 ---> 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP\)

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is studying the effects of selective breeding in animals. makes a list of possible results which items on the list provide logical arguments in favor of selective breeding?

Answers

Option 3 or 4 is correct - selective breeding increases the muscle mass of offspring and ups their disease resistance.

Selective breeding is the practice of mating two organisms in order to create offspring with specified desirable traits. In order to produce crops and animals with desirable qualities like size, yield, and disease resistance, this is frequently done in agricultural and animal husbandry.

Selective breeding has improved the quality of crops and animals for thousands of years, greatly influencing agriculture and food supply. The goal of selective breeding is to produce cattle with desirable features that are strongly heritable and can thus be passed down from generation to generation.

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Complete Question -

evan is studying the effects of selective breeding in animals. he makes a list of possible results:

1) can increase the risk of birth defects in animals

2) can produce large amounts of offspring

3) can increase the muscle mass in offspring

4) can develop offspring with greater resistance to disease

which items on the list provide logical arguments in favor of selective breeding?

What are the characteristics of calcium in the human body ?

Answers

Answer:

look below

Explanation:

Calcium is very essential in muscle contraction, oocyte activation, building strong bones and teeth, blood clotting, nerve impulse, transmission, regulating heartbeat and fluid balance within cells. Brainliest please.

in the glucose-alanine cycle, alanine formed in muscle is transported by the blood to liver, where it is acted on by a transaminase. the products of the transaminase reaction are glutamate and group of answer choices pyruvate glucose serine acetyl coa fumarate

Answers

The products of the transaminase reaction in the glucose-alanine cycle are glutamate and pyruvate.

The glucose-alanine cycle is a metabolic pathway in which amino acids, particularly alanine, are converted to glucose in the liver. In this process, alanine formed in muscle is transported to the liver via the bloodstream. Once it reaches the liver, alanine is acted upon by the transaminase enzyme, which removes the amino group from alanine and transfers it to alpha-ketoglutarate, forming glutamate. The resulting pyruvate can then enter the gluconeogenic pathway to produce glucose. Therefore, the two products of the transaminase reaction in the glucose-alanine cycle are glutamate and pyruvate, and the other answer choices (serine, acetyl CoA, and fumarate) are not involved in this specific metabolic pathway.

The glucose-alanine cycle is a process in which alanine is formed in muscle tissues and transported to the liver. In the liver, alanine is acted upon by a transaminase enzyme, which results in the formation of two products: glutamate and pyruvate. The pyruvate can then be used to synthesize glucose, which can be transported back to the muscle for energy production.

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Biotic factors are living parts of an ecosystem. An example of a biotic factor is
A.a trout swimming in a river
В.bacteria growing on bread
C.moss growing in a tree
D. all of the above

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

A plant has to produce carbohydrates because (1 point)

carbohydrates are needed to move ATP from cell to cell

carbohydrates are needed for building material

carbohydrates store the genetic material within the cells

carbohydrates store energy for a long time

Answers

Answer: carbohydrates store energy for a long time D.

I need help answering this question

I need help answering this question

Answers

Answer: Extremes of day and night temperature

Explanation:

Let's start by clarifying the meaning of an abiotic factor. It refers to a non-living component of an ecosystem that plays a significant role in shaping its environment. With this understanding, we can easily identify the correct answer from a given list of options. While choices like coyotes, trees, and leaves are biotic factors, temperature stands out as the only abiotic factor because it is not a living entity, This leads to it being the solution.

why is it important to choose a marking method that is long lasting? HELPP!!

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

jmj

Answer:

Marketing plans and strategies are important because they make sales easier for any business owner. When you target your ideal customer in a smarter way, you reduce the costs of marketing and increase your chances of converting leads into sales.

Explanation:

A student completing research for a project enters the following search terms: Drugs AND prescription AND cost Which of the following best describes the likely results of this search? Sources that reference all three terms Sources that reference either of the three terms Sources that reference drugs and either prescription or cost Sources that reference the first two terms but not the third.

Answers

Answer:

Sources that reference all three terms

Explanation:

Which would be least helpful in reducing indoor pollution?

Answers

Answer:

A fan probably would be least helpful because it would spread the dust, hair etc, around rather than removing it.

Explanation:

Is platypus a type of fish
Explain

Answers

Question: "Is platypus a type of fish?"

Explanation: The platypus is classed as a mammal because it has fur and feeds its young with milk. It flaps a beaver-like tail. But it also has bird and reptile features a duck-like bill and webbed feet.

Answer:

yes done to explaine in down

Explanation:

ty for rhe points

Which factor could have resulted in differing amounts of DNA collected from the strawberries?

Select one:
a. The location the strawberries were grown.
b. Number of cells in volume of strawberries used.
c. The brand of rubbing alcohol used.
d. The number of copies of DNA each cell contains.

Answers

Answer:

b. Number of cells in volume of strawberries used.

Additionally, because strawberries are octoploid and contain eight copies of each chromosome, there is a significant amount of DNA that has to be isolated, hence option B is correct.

What is the amount of DNA collected from the strawberries?

Watch where the strawberry combination and the alcohol meet, at this point, a white cloud that resembles a thread will start to emerge. Strawberry DNA is seen here, as it rises to the top of the alcohol layer, the DNA will collect and congeal.  

Due to their simple pulverization and the presence of the cell wall-degrading enzymes pectinases and cellulases, ripe strawberries are an ideal source for DNA extraction.

Therefore, the number of cells in the volume of strawberries used, the presence of the cell wall-degrading enzymes pectinases and cellulases, and ripe strawberries are ideal sources for DNA extraction, hence option B is correct.

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