Give reasons that might help explain the following observations:
a) A student was unsuccessful to prepare a Grignard reagent from 4-bromocyclohexanol
b) Benzenesulfonic acid does not undergo Friedel-Crafts alkylation
c) (2S, 3R)- 2,3-Dibromobutane has a specific rotation, [a]D, 0⁰
d) A student tries to prepare an ether via the Williamson ether synthesis from ethanol and t-butyl bromide, but obtains an alkene instead.
e) Doubling the concentration of a nucleophile has no effect on the rate of a substitution reaction

Answer:

The answer is 9.000090040048176

Answer:

Explanation:

A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a chemical species that donates one or more hydrogen ions in a reaction.

In contrast, a Bronsted-Lowry base accepts hydrogen ions.

The velocity of the tomato when it hits the ground is approximately 13.49 meters per second.

The potential energy of the tomato is at the height of 10 meters. When the tomato hits the ground, most of the potential energy is E1 = 0.909*mgh.

By the conservation of energy principle, the kinetic energy \(E_1\) is equal to the kinetic energy \(E_2\) of the tomato just before it hits the ground.

The kinetic energy \(E_2\) is given by\(1/2mv^2\), where v is the velocity of the tomato just before it hits the ground. Equating \(E_1\) and \(E_2\) solving for v, we get:

\(v = \sqrt{(20.909gh)\)

Substituting the values of \(g = 9.81 m/s^2\)and h = 10 m, we get:

v = \(\sqrt{(20.9099.81*10)}\) = 13.49 m/s

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--The complete Question is, Suppose a tomato is dropped from a height of 10 meters. If 90.9% of the work done on the tomato is converted to kinetic energy by the time it hits the ground, what is the velocity (in meters per second) of the tomato when it hits the ground? --

Answer: One mole

Explanation: One mole of a substance is equal to 6.022 × 10²³ units of that substance (such as atoms, molecules, or ions). The number 6.022 × 10²³ is known as Avogadro's number or Avogadro's constant.

The system from the description must be an open system. Option C

An open system is one that communicates with and is influenced by its surroundings. An open system interacts with its environment by exchanging matter, energy, and information, as opposed to a closed system, which is self-contained and runs autonomously.

The idea of open systems highlights how interconnected and reliant on its environment a system is. For the analysis of system behavior, adaptability, and responses to external forces, understanding these interconnections is essential.

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Urine has the color of pale yellow to deep amber. It is odorless and has a pH of 4.5-8.0

The given statement stating that air quality is a measure of how clean or polluted the air  in an ecosystem is, hence the statement is  true.

Ecosystem is defined as a system which consists of all living organisms and the physical components with which the living beings interact. The abiotic and biotic components are linked to each other through nutrient cycles and flow of energy.

Energy enters the system through the process of photosynthesis .Animals play an important role in transfer of energy as they feed on each other.As a result of this transfer of matter and energy takes place through the system .

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The question requires us to calculate the amount of heat released in the methane combunstion reaction when 32 g of methane are burned.

The first step in this question is balance the reaction:

Now that we have the balanced reaction, we need to calculate the molar mass of methane in order to have the amount of moles that will be burned. To calculate the molar mass, we conisder the atomic mass of carbon (12 u) and hydrogen (1 u) and the number of these atoms in the molecule:

molar mass (CH4) = (1 * 12) + (4 * 1) = 16 g/mol

Next, we can calculate the number of moles of methane contained in 32g of this compound:

16 g CH4 ----- 1 mol CH4

32 g CH4 ----- x

Solving for x, we have that there are 2 moles of methane and thus this is the amount that will be burned in this reaction.

Finally, knowing how many moles of methane will burn, we can calculate the amount of energy released from the molar enthalpy given:

1 mol CH4 ---------- 890 kJ of energy

2 mol CH4 ---------- y

Then, solving for y, we have that 1780 kJ of heat will be released when 32 g of methane are burned.

Products rate law from data rate = k [A]0 [B]1/2 [C]2 b) overall order = 2.5 overall order = 0 + 1/2 + 2 = 5/2 = 2.5

The reaction is described by this general equation in kinetics: A and B are the reactants, and R is the result of the reaction. aA + bB ---> cR The stoichiometric coefficients of the two reactants and the product are represented by the terms a, b, and c, respectively. The following equation describes the reaction rate for elementary reactions:

Second Request Response with Various Reactants This implies that when the centralization of reactant An is multiplied, the pace of the response will twofold, and quadrupling the convergence of reactant in a different examination will fourfold the rate.

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Answer:

I don't get it is it even a question?

The true statements about catalysts are the statement 1,2 and 3.

1. Catalysts increase the rate of reaction: Catalysts facilitate chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. They enhance the rate of the reaction without being consumed in the process.

2. Catalysts behave as reactants in the reaction mixture: Catalysts participate in the reaction by interacting with the reactants. They form temporary bonds with the reactant molecules, leading to the formation of an intermediate complex that ultimately results in the desired products.

3. Catalysts decrease the activation energy of a reaction: Catalysts lower the energy barrier required for a reaction to occur by providing an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy. This enables the reactants to overcome the energy barrier more easily, thus increasing the reaction rate.

4. Catalysts show no physical change at the end of the reaction: Catalysts are not consumed or permanently altered in the reaction. They remain chemically unchanged and are available to participate in subsequent reaction cycles.

The statement "Catalysts are required in large concentrations in a reaction" is false. Catalysts work effectively even in small concentrations, as their role is to facilitate the reaction rather than being directly involved in the stoichiometry of the reaction.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Small changes in the chemical nature of polysaccharides can make a big difference in how they work in our bodies. Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates found in things like fiber and medicines. Even tiny changes in their structure can affect how they are digested, how they interact with cells, and their overall impact on our health. Scientists can use these changes to create materials with specific properties or develop new treatments. So, even small tweaks in polysaccharides can have a significant impact on how they function in our bodies.

D. A change in a substance with no new substances being formed

There are 2 ways a substance can change, physical changes and chemical changes. In all changes, physical or chemical, mass is always conserved.

Physical vs. Chemical

The main difference between a physical and chemical change is the substance at the end.

New substances are only created by chemical changes. Additionally, only chemical changes break apart bonds. Physical changes maintain the same compounds and elements, so bonds are not broken.

Examples of Physical Changes

Physical changes do not change the actual substance, but they can change the form of the substance.

All of these change the state of matter or shape of the substance, but not the chemical makeup.

Answer:

carbon dioxide

Explanation:

An example of a compound from the given choices is carbon dioxide.

A compound is any substance composed of two or more atoms /elements joined together in a definite grouping .

52.05 liters of hydrogen gas are produced at 298 K and 0.940 atm if 4.00 moles of hydrochloric acid react with an excess of magnesium metal.

The ideal gas law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the volume and temperature of the gas.

It is expressed as

PV = nRT

where,

P is pressure

V is volume in liters

n is number of moles of gas

R is Ideal gas constant

T is Temperature in kelvin

The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.

Now first we have to write the balanced chemical equation

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

Here we can se that 2 mole of hydrochloric acid produces 1 mole of hydrogen gas.

So 4 moles of hydrochloric gas will give  \(\frac{1}{2} \times 4\) moles of hydrogen gas that is 2 moles of hydrogen gas.

Now put the values in above equation, we get

PV = nRT

0.940 atm × V = 2 × 0.0821 L atm / K mol × 298

V = \(\frac{2 \times 0.0821\ \text{L atm / K mol} \times 298}{0.940\ \text{atm}}\)

V = 52.05 liter

Thus from the above conclusion  we can say that 52.05 liters of hydrogen gas are produced at 298 K and 0.940 atm if 4.00 moles of hydrochloric acid react with an excess of magnesium metal.

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Answer:

this is physics but

5 miles pr hour

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

i wish i can help

Two key criteria that engineers must prioritize are efficiency and safety. By emphasizing efficiency and safety during process development, engineers can create robust and reliable processes that not only maximize productivity but also prioritize the well-being of personnel and the environment.

When developing a process, engineers need to consider several important criteria. Two key criteria that engineers must prioritize are efficiency and safety.

Efficiency is crucial in process development to ensure optimal use of resources, time, and energy. Engineers strive to design processes that maximize productivity, minimize waste, and reduce costs. This involves optimizing reaction conditions, streamlining workflow, and implementing automation where possible. Efficiency considerations also extend to energy consumption, raw material utilization, and overall process sustainability.

Safety is another critical aspect that engineers must prioritize. They need to identify and mitigate potential hazards associated with the process, ensuring the safety of both personnel and the environment. This involves conducting thorough risk assessments, implementing safety protocols, and designing equipment and systems with safety features. Engineers must also consider the safe handling and storage of materials, as well as potential risks during transportation and disposal.

By emphasizing efficiency and safety during process development, engineers can create robust and reliable processes that not only maximize productivity but also prioritize the well-being of personnel and the environment.

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Answer:

The first row fits in period 2

The second row fits in period 3

Explanation:

Elements arranged vertically in the periodic table in groups that share similar chemical properties.

Elements are also organized horizontally in rows or periods

The length of each period is determined by the number of electrons that can occupy the sublevels being filled in that period.

Answer:

Explanation:

Resonance structure occurs in an organic compound that undergoes resonance effects. This resonance effect is sometimes called the mesomeric effect helps to increases the stability of organic compounds that have alternating single bonds and double bonds.

The second resonance structure diagram for the ion given in the question can be found in the attached diagram below.

Answer:

TEMPRATURE = 60° F, DEW POINT TEMERATURE =20° F

Explanation:

The "Ring of Responsibility" requires a 15- to 25-foot untreated buffer zone next to water bodies.

A buffer zone is an area of land that separates two or more countries, states, or territories, and is often demilitarized. The purpose of a buffer zone is to provide a space for negotiations and to reduce the possibility of conflict and war. Buffer zones can also be used to protect sensitive natural resources or habitats, such as areas of wilderness or wildlife. Buffer zones can be permanent or temporary, and can range in size from a few miles to hundreds of miles. In addition to physical barriers, buffer zones can also include economic, political, and social measures to reduce tensions between two or more parties. Buffer zones are an important tool in international relations, as they can help to prevent armed conflict and promote peaceful resolution of disputes.

This buffer zone is intended to prevent pollutants from entering the water body and protect it from potential environmental damage.

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Answer: 4.59 x 10^-3 J/(g x degrees Celsius) = Cs

Explanation:

Use the equation q = m x Cs x delta T to find the specific heat capacity of the substance.

q = heat in joules

m = mass of substance in grams

Cs = specific heat capacity in J/(g x degrees Celsius)

delta T = change in temperature in degrees Celsius

Step 1: Identify all quantities given in the problem.

q = 2.41 x 10 J

Note: Not sure if this number was supposed to have an exponent or not. I used what was posted by the person asking the question.

m = 105.0 g

Cs = variable we are trying to find

delta T = Temp. final – Temp. initial = 75.0 degrees Celsius – 25.0 degrees Celsius = 50.0 degrees Celsius

Step 2: Place all known quantities into the equation.

q = m x Cs x delta T

2.41 x 10 J = 105.0 g x Cs x 50.0 degrees Celsius

Step 3: Isolate the unknown variable, in this case Cs.

2.41 x 10 J = (105.0 g x Cs x 50.0 degrees Celsius) / (105.0 g x 50.0 degrees Celsius)

When you divide to isolate Cs, the units of grams and degrees Celsius cancel on the right side of the equation.

2.41 x 10 J / (105.0 g x 50.0 degrees Celsius) = Cs

4.59 x 10^-3 J/(g x degrees Celsius) = Cs

Answer:

The answer is A.

Explanation:

Producers make their own energy, whereas consumers eat other things for energy.

Answer:

126.99g

Explanation:

NiO has a molar mass of 74.7 g/mol. This means that one mole of nickel (II) oxide has a mass of 74.7 grams. We can use stoichiometry/dimensional analysis to figure out how many grams are in 1.7 moles.

\(1.7mol NiO (\frac{74.7grams}{1 mole} ) = 126.99g\)

Answer: mass m = n M = 1.7 mol × 74.69 g/mol

Explanation:

Molar mass M(NiO) = (58.69+16) g/mol

Considering the definition of molar mass, the correct answer is option c): the mass of 1.85 moles H₂O₂ is 62.9 grams.

The molar mass of substance is a property defined as the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.

The molar mass of a compound is the sum of the molar mass of the elements that form it (whose value is found in the periodic table) multiplied by the number of times they appear in the compound.

In this case, you know the molar mass of the elements is:

So, the molar mass of the compound H₂O₂ is calculated as:

H₂O₂= 2× 1 g/mole + 2× 16 g/mole

Solving:

H₂O₂= 34 g/mole

You can apply the following rule of three: If by definition of molar mass 1 mole of the compound contains 34 grams, 1.85 moles of the compound contains how much mass?

mass= (1.85 moles× 34 grams)÷ 1 mole

mass= 62.9 grams

Finally, the mass of 1.85 moles H₂O₂ is 62.9 grams.

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Answer

n=4

Procedure

Data

Sulfur has an atomic mass of 32.065 u

Fluorine has an atomic mass of 18.9984 u

To solve this problem we need to find the number of atoms of fluorine, this can be done using an equation as follows

Solving for x we have

Hence as we can't have a decimal atom we consider 4 atoms of fluorine.