Harley was late to physical science class and missed the beginning of the
notes, including the title. These are the notes she took:
-Makes up everything
-Can be solid, liquid, or gas
-Has mass and takes up space
-Is made up of atoms, or tiny particles that are the smallest unit of matter
What would be the best title for her notes?
matter
weight
mass
atoms

The chemist needs to use 108.75 grams of isopentyl alcohol to prepare 125 mL of isopentyl acetate.

What is an isopentyl acetate?

Isopentyl acetate can be prepared by the esterification of isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid. The balanced equation for this reaction is:

isopentyl alcohol + acetic acid -> isopentyl acetate + water

The molar ratio between isopentyl alcohol and isopentyl acetate in this reaction is 1:1, which means that the amount of isopentyl alcohol needed to prepare a certain amount of isopentyl acetate is the same as the amount of isopentyl acetate.

To calculate the amount of isopentyl alcohol needed to prepare 125 mL of isopentyl acetate, we need to know the density of isopentyl acetate. The density of isopentyl acetate is approximately 0.87 g/mL.

So, the mass of 125 mL of isopentyl acetate can be calculated as:

mass = volume x density = 125 mL x 0.87 g/mL = 108.75 g

Therefore, the chemist needs to use 108.75 grams of isopentyl alcohol to prepare 125 mL of isopentyl acetate.

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Complete question is: a chemist needs 125 ml of isopentyl acetate to perform some chromatography. assuming an appropriate amount of all other reagents is used, 108.75 grams of isopentyl alcohol must the chemist use to prepare this much ester.

Approximately 12.45 grams of solid silver chromate will precipitate when 150 mL of 0.500 M silver nitrate solution is added to excess potassium chromate.

To determine the number of moles of AgNO3 present in 150 mL of a 0.500 M AgNO3 solution, we can use the formula:

moles = concentration × volume

Given:

Concentration of AgNO3 solution = 0.500 M

Volume of AgNO3 solution = 150 mL

First, we need to convert the volume from milliliters (mL) to liters (L) since the concentration is given in moles per liter (M).

1 L = 1000 mL

Therefore, the volume of the AgNO3 solution in liters is:

150 mL × (1 L / 1000 mL) = 0.150 L

Now we can calculate the moles of AgNO3 using the formula:

moles = concentration × volume

moles = 0.500 M × 0.150 L

moles = 0.075 mol

So, there are 0.075 moles of AgNO3 present in 150 mL of the 0.500 M AgNO3 solution.

Now, let's proceed to determine how many grams of solid silver chromate (Ag2CrO4) will precipitate when the AgNO3 solution reacts with excess potassium chromate (K2CrO4).

From the balanced chemical equation:

2AgNO3(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → Ag2CrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)

We can see that the molar ratio between AgNO3 and Ag2CrO4 is 2:1. Therefore, for every 2 moles of AgNO3, we will form 1 mole of Ag2CrO4.

Since we have 0.075 moles of AgNO3, we can calculate the moles of Ag2CrO4 formed:

moles of Ag2CrO4 = 0.075 mol / 2 = 0.0375 mol

To determine the mass of Ag2CrO4, we need to multiply the moles by its molar mass. The molar mass of Ag2CrO4 is calculated by summing the atomic masses of each element in the compound:

Ag2CrO4 = 2(Ag) + 1(Cr) + 4(O) = 2(107.87 g/mol) + 1(52.00 g/mol) + 4(16.00 g/mol) = 331.87 g/mol

mass of Ag2CrO4 = moles of Ag2CrO4 × molar mass of Ag2CrO4

mass of Ag2CrO4 = 0.0375 mol × 331.87 g/mol = 12.45 g

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Answer:

- It's the right thing to do, duh

- In the long run, it will save their industry

- It might be cheaper

- It might become law soon, so they might as well get with it

I can't think of anything else, I hope it helps anyway!

Answer:

Combustion is a rapid exothermic chemical reaction between oxygen, O₂, and a substance which is known as the fuel that is initiated by an ignition (heat) source to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor other oxides and combustion products

With the continuous model, which is the model seen with the naked eye, that have uniform parts, the combustion of coal that produces no flammable vapors and hence no flame, the combustion of hydrogen gas which is nearly colorless and the combustion of gasoline that produces a bright flame, burns without flame will be taken as different processes

Explanation:

Answer:

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed in the reaction. Enzymes are biological catalysts that are found in all living things. Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar.

Explanation:

Catalysts work by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that the reactants need to have in order to react. When a catalyst is present, it provides an alternative pathway for the reaction that has a lower activation energy. This means that more of the reactants will have enough energy to react, and the reaction will proceed faster.

In the case of amylase, it lowers the activation energy of the reaction that breaks down starch into sugar. This means that more of the starch molecules will have enough energy to react, and the reaction will proceed faster. This is why our saliva contains amylase, so that we can start digesting starch as soon as we put food in our mouths.

Answer:

the third one

Explanation:

When you breathe in, you inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

When dealing with the Electromagnetic Spectrum, one should remember the acronym ROYGBIV. This will apply to visible spectrum but the non-visible spectra can de logically deduced from the sequence. That is ...

   R-Red > O-Orange > Y-Yellow > G-Green > B-Blue > I-Indigo > V-Violet

In relation to the three wave properties; wavelength (λ), frequency (ν) & energy (ΔE) ...

Wavelengths => Long λ                                                                       Short λ

Frequency     => Low  ν                                                                       High ν

Energy           => Low  ΔE                                                                    High ΔE  

Note that all 'L's' are on the 'Left'

On Left => Long wavelengths, Low frequency & Low energy; the 'opposites' are on 'the other end of the list'.

Therefore for other wavelengths outside the visible spectrum set up as follows, start with visible spectrum in the middle and insert the invisible spectra of interest.

                          Long λ <= Visible (R.0.Y.G.B.I.V.) => Short λ

 λ (cm):    10¹            10⁻²          10⁻³  (10⁻⁵- 10⁻⁶)    10⁻⁷       10⁻⁹    (10⁻¹¹ - 10⁻¹³)            

             [radio > microwave > IR   >   visible   >  UV  >  X-Rays > Gamma]

Hope this helps :-)

Answer:

It both benefits the bird by providing sustenance and the plant by possibly spreading seeds through fecal matter.

Explanation:

Explanation:

it contains 5 unpaired electron in 3d

3d must filled with 10 electrons and there is 5 only

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In a displacement reaction, more reactive element displaces less reactive element from its compound and from the above reaction we observed that, Chlorine displaces bromine from its compound (KBr) to form Potassium chloride (KCl), therefore Chlorine is more reactive non - metal.

The equation for above reaction is :

\( \large\boxed {\mathrm{2KBr + Cl_2 \rightarrow 2KCl + Br_2}}\)

_____________________________

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When food burns outside your body, it undergoes a process called combustion. Inside your body, the energy from food is released through a different process called cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration occurs in the cell's mitochondria and involves breaking down the food molecules (such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) into smaller units. These units are then oxidized to release energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used by cells for various functions. Through the process of digestion, food that you ingest is broken down into smaller molecules by your body. Your cells then receive these smaller molecules, such as glucose, and utilize them through a process known as cellular respiration to produce energy. All of the functions carried out by your cells, including muscle contraction, neuron transmission, and the synthesis of new molecules, are driven by the energy generated during cellular respiration.

Combustion is the process through which food burns outside of your body and releases energy. When food is burned outside of the body, the energy released only takes the form of heat and is not immediately used by the cells.  During combustion, the food reacts with oxygen, producing heat and light energy, as well as waste products like carbon dioxide and water vapor.

The energy released during cellular respiration is utilized quite differently inside your body. Cellular respiration takes place in a sequence of controlled phases, each of which is catalyzed by a unique enzyme, as opposed to a quick, uncontrolled reaction. These procedures enable the energy from meals to be delivered gradually and under control, allowing your cells to effectively absorb and utilize it.

An exothermic reaction is one that releases energy in the form of heat, such as combustion. Cellular respiration, on the other hand, is an illustration of an endothermic reaction, indicating that it needs energy to continue.

In summary, while both processes release energy from food, combustion occurs outside the body and produces heat and light, while cellular respiration occurs inside the body and produces ATP for cells to use.

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Answer:

Good morning!!!

Explanation:

Answer: 8

Explanation:

Answer:

I think the answer is 4 or 3, it could be 2 as well, I'm not sure.

Explanation:

Answer:

Ionic Bonds are formed from metal to nonmetals. Covalent Bonds usually form from nonmetals.

Explanation:

Answer:

it will form an ionic bond

Answer: Ionic attractions

Explanation:

Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bond that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Answer:

metalloids aka semimetals

Explanation:

The rate of flame spread over the surface of a liquid is not directly dependent on the flash point.

The flash point of a liquid is the minimum temperature at which it can release sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with the surrounding air. It primarily indicates the volatility and the ease with which a liquid can generate flammable vapors.

The rate of flame spread over the surface of a liquid is determined by factors such as the fuel's vapor concentration, the presence of an ignition source, and the surrounding conditions (e.g., temperature, airflow).

Once a flammable vapor-air mixture is formed above the liquid surface, the ignition source can initiate combustion, resulting in a flame. The rate of flame spread is influenced by factors such as the concentration of the flammable vapor, its flammability limits, the heat release rate, and the energy transfer mechanisms (e.g., conduction, convection) involved in sustaining the flame.

While the flash point indirectly affects the availability of flammable vapors, it does not directly determine the rate of flame spread. Other factors, such as the volatility of the liquid, its ability to release vapors, and the surrounding conditions, play a more significant role in the rate at which the flame propagates across the liquid surface.

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a. The mass in grams of potassium chlorate that are needed to react completely with the 120 grams of glucose is 326.4 g

b. The mass in grams of carbon dioxide that is formed is 176 g.

c.  The mass in grams of water that is formed is 72 g

d. The mass of glucose that will react with 12.00g of a KClO₃-NaCl mixture that is 75% KClO₃ by mass is 3.30 g

The balanced equation of the reaction is given below:

Balanced equation of reaction: 4 KClO₃ + C₆H₁₂O₆ ---> 4 KCl + 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O

Molar mass of glucose = 180 g/mol

Molar mass of KClO₃ = 122.5 g/mol

Molar mass of H₂O = 18 g/mol

Molar mass of CO₂= 44 g/mol

a. The mass in grams of potassium chlorate that are needed to react completely with the 120 grams of glucose = 120/180 * 4 * 122.5

mass =  326.4 g

b. The mass in grams of carbon dioxide that is formed = 120/180 * 6 *44

mass = 176 g.

c.  The mass in grams of water that is formed = 120/180 * 6 * 18

mass = 72 g

d. The mass of glucose that will react with 12.00g of a KClO₃-NaCl mixture that is 75% KClO₃ by mass = 0.75 * 12/122.5 * 1/4 * 180

mass =  3.30 g

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The given statement "A continuous process is considered to be transient during the start-up phase and immediately following process changes" is false because a continuous process is not considered transient during the start-up phase or immediately following process changes.

Transient conditions refer to temporary or short-lived deviations from steady-state operation. In a continuous process, the goal is to maintain a stable and continuous flow of materials without interruptions or significant deviations.

During the start-up phase of a continuous process, the system undergoes adjustments and stabilizes to reach steady-state operation. It may experience transient behavior during this initial period, but once the process is fully operational and running smoothly, it enters a steady-state where the process variables remain constant over time.

Similarly, following process changes, the system may undergo temporary deviations from steady-state conditions as it adjusts to the new operating parameters. However, the objective is to restore stability and return to a steady-state operation as quickly as possible.

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Palladium crystallizes in a face-centered cubic unit cell. Its density is 12.0 g/cm3 at 27°C. Calculate the atomic radius of Pd.

A face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice is used by Palladium. As a result, the lattice parameter of palladium is a

=(4V/√3)^(1/3) ,

where V is the atomic volume of palladium. The formula for the density of a substance is d=m/V, where d is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume of the substance. In this situation, m = M (mass of 1 mole of palladium), which can be expressed as M= n × m, where n is the number of moles of palladium and m is the mass of one palladium atom. Therefore, the density formula becomes

d=M/V.

Palladium's atomic volume is V=(4πr^3/3) /N_a,

where Na is Avogadro's constant (6.022 × 10^23 mol^-1). The atomic radius of Pd is given by the following formula:r=(a/2) × √2The density of Pd is given by the following formula

d=M/V

The molar mass of Pd can be calculated from its atomic weight (106.42 g/mol), M=106.42 g/mol The atomic volume of Pd is given by the following formula:

V= 4r^3/3Na

Use this value of V to determine the lattice parameter a = (4V/√3)^(1/3).r = (a/2) × √2

Calculations:d = 12.0 g/cm3M = 106.42 g/mol

V = (4πr^3/3) /N_a

Let's solve for V:

V = (4πr^3/3) /N_a = (4π (162.5 × 10^-30 m)^3/3) / (6.022 × 10^23 mol^-1) = 8.927 × 10^-6 cm^3/mol

The lattice parameter can be determined now

:a = (4V/√3)^(1/3) = (4 (8.927 × 10^-6 cm^3/mol) / √3)^(1/3) = 3.891 × 10^-8 cmThe atomic radius can be determined:r = (a/2) × √2 = (3.891 × 10^-8 cm/2) × √2 = 1.096 × 10^-8 cm

The atomic radius of Pd is 1.096 × 10^-8 cm.

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Answer: h2s = Cp * T2 = 1005

Explanation: The Brayton cycle consists of four processes: isentropic compression, constant pressure heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant pressure heat rejection.

The given problem states that the cycle is a simple Brayton cycle, which means that there is no regeneration or reheat. We can use the energy balance equation for each component to solve for the unknowns.

Let's denote the mass flow rate of air as m_dot. Then the power output of the cycle is:

W_out = m_dot * (h3 - h4)

where h3 and h4 are the specific enthalpies of air at the turbine inlet and compressor inlet, respectively. The thermal efficiency of the cycle is:

eta_th = W_out / Q_in

where Q_in is the heat input to the cycle, which is equal to the heat added in the combustion chamber. We can use the isentropic efficiency of the compressor and turbine to relate the actual specific enthalpies to the isentropic specific enthalpies.

The pressure ratio across the compressor is given as:

P2 / P1 = 8

The isentropic efficiency of the compressor is given as:

eta_c = 0.8

Therefore, we can use the following relation to find the actual pressure ratio:

P2s / P1 = (P2 / P1) / eta_c = 8 / 0.8 = 10

where P2s is the isentropic pressure ratio across the compressor. Using the polytropic relation for an isentropic process, we can find the temperature ratio across the compressor:

T2s / T1 = (P2s / P1)^((k-1)/k) = 10^((1.4-1)/1.4) = 2.297

where k is the ratio of specific heats for air, which is equal to 1.4. The actual temperature ratio is related to the isentropic temperature ratio by the compressor efficiency:

T2 / T1 = T2s / T1 / eta_c = 2.297 / 0.8 = 2.871

Using the specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure, we can find the specific enthalpy at the compressor inlet:

h4 = Cp * T1 = 1005 J/(kg*K) * 310 K = 311550 J/kg

Similarly, we can find the specific enthalpy at the turbine inlet:

h3s = Cp * T3 = 1005 J/(kg*K) * 900 K = 905850 J/kg

Using the turbine isentropic efficiency:

eta_t = 0.86

we can find the actual specific enthalpy at the turbine inlet:

h3 = h4 + (h3s - h4) / eta_t = 311550 J/kg + (905850 J/kg - 311550 J/kg) / 0.86 = 1262424 J/kg

The heat added in the combustion chamber is equal to the enthalpy difference between the turbine inlet and compressor inlet:

Q_in = m_dot * (h3 - h2)

where h2 is the specific enthalpy at the compressor exit. Using the pressure ratio and temperature ratio, we can find the specific enthalpy at the compressor exit:

P2 / P1 = (T2 / T1)^(k/(k-1))

8 = (T2 / T1)^(1.4/(1.4-1))

T2 / T1 = 4.641

T2 = T1 * 4.641 = 310 K * 4.641 = 1436 K

h2s = Cp * T2 = 1005

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So arranging them in an increasing order of nuclear charge experienced by electrons in shell n=3 is Mg < P < K < Ti < Rh

Nuclear Charge is the force of attraction that is exerted on the electron by the nucleus due to its positive charge.

Since the nuclear charge depends on the number of protons present in the nucleus thus it is based on the atomic number of the element.

When looking at the periodic table we see that the atomic number increases down a group but the atomic radius also increases as we go down the group.

So the effective nuclear charge that is experienced by the electrons especially in the outer shells decreases down the group.

We know that

potassium K has the atomic number 19,

Magnesium Mg has the atomic number 12,

phosphorus P has the atomic number 15,

Rhodium rh has the atomic number 45,

Titanium ti has the atomic number 22

So arranging them in an increasing order of nuclear charge experienced by electrons in shell n=3 is Mg < P < K < Ti < Rh.

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Answer:

F

Cl

Br

I

Explanation:

Br=11.81...

Cl=12.96...

F=17.42...

Iodine=10.45