How could you test whether or not a substance is a fluid?

        With its surroundings, an open system can interchange both matter and energy. Since heat and water vapor can be lost to the air, the stovetop example would be considered an open system. On the other hand, a closed system can only interchange energy, not matter, with its surrounds.

         All systems within the earth's atmosphere are thought of as open systems even if the earth itself is a closed system. An open system is one in which matter and energy can move between it and its environment.

         An open system is one that permits the exchange of materials and energy with the environment. For instance, a hot soup bowl that is open, etc.

          A closed system is one that only permits the interchange of energy with its surroundings and forbids the exchange of matter.

Systems types:

      No energy enters or leaves an isolated area. Closed: Material does not exit, but energy does. Open: both matter and energy can enter and exit. Sunlight energy enters the closed system that is the Earth. and "no" stuff comes into or goes out (except for the rare meteorite).

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Silver is known in the chemistry world as a noble metal which means it is resistant to corrosion, but not completely.

I hope my answer helped you! If you need more information or help, comment down below and I will be sure to respond if I am online. Have a wonderful rest of your day!

Explanation:

The lungs pump oxygen in and carbon dioxide out, which goes through the blood stream to help with the cell's energy needs.

Nutrients pass through the blood stream as well. The nutrients start with the digestive system (mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine) before going into the blood stream. The nutrients are building blocks to help make new cells when old ones die off.

When those cells die off, the body sheds them like dead skin, but internal dead cells are passed off as waste. This waste and other byproducts the body doesn't need passes through the blood stream as well.

In short, the blood stream is basically the highway to help get desired materials (eg: oxygen and nutrients) and get rid of waste (eg: carbon dioxide and other unwanted byproducts or dead cell material)

So that's why the answer includes A, B and C.

It is advised that your friend take 172-425 grams of carbs, dependant on his size of 86 kg, two hours before to his soccer match. The ideal choice is D.

As a result of the vitamins, nutrients, and dietary fiber they provide, full grain, berries, and vegetables are regarded as healthy carbohydrates. Contrarily, processed or refined carbohydrates like white spaghetti, sweetened beverages, and desserts have little to no nutritious benefit and therefore to be avoided altogether.

Carbohydrates carry out a variety of essential functions in your body. They are the main source of fuel for your brain's calorific values and give you energy for daily chores.

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Answer:

Temperature

PH

Explanation:

Enzymes are organic catalysts that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. Their activities are affected by temperature and pH of the environment among other factors.

Enzymes generally have temperature and pH window for their activity.

Answer:

Cesium

hope this helps :)

Answer:

B: +3

Explanation:

If Gallium loses 3 electrons, it will become an ion.

The ion will be positively charged because in this new ion, the number of electrons is lesser than the number of protons. The charge difference will impart a positive net charge on the ion.

If Gallium the loss of 3 electrons offsets the charge balance in the chemical specie. Thus, the ion will have a net +3 charge.

In chemistry, a spontaneous reaction is a type of reaction that occurs on its own without the need for external stimulus. This means that the reaction will occur without any activation energy. The driving force behind this type of reaction is the chemical potential of the reactants.

The reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions. The reaction given below is spontaneous under standard conditions -

Cl2(g) Fe2+(aq) → Fe3+(aq) Cl–(aq).

In chemistry, a spontaneous reaction is a type of reaction that occurs on its own without the need for external stimulus. This means that the reaction will occur without any activation energy. The driving force behind this type of reaction is the chemical potential of the reactants. It is the potential energy stored within the reactants that can be converted into kinetic energy of the products. The Gibbs free energy is used to determine if a reaction will be spontaneous or not under standard conditions.In the given reaction, the Cl2 and Fe2+ are the reactants. The Fe3+ and Cl– are the products. The Gibbs free energy change for the reaction is negative (-ve) (-2.2kJ/mol). This implies that the reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions. Hence, the given statement is true.

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The oxidation state of Ca in CaSO₄ is +2. The charge of the whole group SO₄ is -2. The charge of S is +6 and that of O is -2.

The oxidation state of a species is the numerical charge it possess. Thus, it is the number of electrons the element lost or gained. The total charge of a compound will be zero and every compound tends to exist as neutral.

The total charge of the compound CaSO₄ is zero and that of SO₄ is -2. Hence, to neutralize that Ca lose 2 electrons and form in +2 oxidation state.

The charge of one oxygen is -2. Here we have 4 oxygens and the total charge of all oxygens is -8 in the group SO₄.

Now, the charge of S = (-2) - (-8) = +6. Hence, the oxidation state of sulphur is +6.

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The 2 mol Al moles of Fe2O3 are formed when 4.2 moles of Fe reacts completely with oxygen.

What is moles?

A mole is an extremely important unit of measurement for chemists. A mole of anything denotes 602,214,076,000,000,000,000,000 of that thing, just as possessing a dozen eggs denotes having twelve eggs. Chemists use moles to measure extremely small substances like atoms, molecules, and other particles.

What is oxygen?

Because oxygen contains only one type of atom, it is a chemical element, which is a type of substance. Since oxygen has an atomic number of 8, it is represented by the letter O in its formal chemical formula and has eight protons in its nucleus. In nature, molecular oxygen can be discovered.

2 mol Al, 3 mol Fe.

Therefore,  2 mol Al moles of Fe2O3 are formed when 4.2 moles of Fe reacts completely with oxygen.

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crystallins in scallops and elephant shrews are both derived from forms of aldehyde dehydrogenase can be explained by the evolution of these proteins.

The crystallin proteins found in the eyes of scallops and elephant shrews are believed to have evolved from a common ancestor, which in turn was derived from a particular class of enzymes known as aldehyde dehydrogenases.

The findings suggest that despite the substantial differences between the two species, they have both adapted a similar strategy for optimizing visual function.The aldehyde dehydrogenases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes, such as retinal, which is the chromophore that is responsible for light absorption in vision. However, in the case of crystallins, the enzyme has lost its catalytic activity and has instead evolved a role in structural support. It is believed that the adaptation of aldehyde dehydrogenases into crystallins may have enabled the development of complex eyes in a range of animal groups.

Crystallins, which are proteins found in the eyes of many animals, have a unique evolutionary history. Recent studies have revealed that the crystallins found in the eyes of scallops and elephant shrews are derived from a common ancestor, which in turn was derived from a particular class of enzymes known as aldehyde dehydrogenases.The aldehyde dehydrogenases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes, such as retinal, which is the chromophore that is responsible for light absorption in vision.

However, in the case of crystallins, the enzyme has lost its catalytic activity and has instead evolved a role in structural support. The resulting protein is highly stable and transparent, making it ideal for use in the lens of the eye.Crystallins have been found in a wide range of animal groups, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and even some invertebrates. The ability to produce these proteins appears to have evolved independently in different lineages, and there is evidence to suggest that the process of crystallin evolution has occurred multiple times in the course of evolution.However, despite the differences between the species that produce crystallins, the proteins themselves share many common features.

This suggests that there are constraints on the ways in which crystallins can evolve, and that certain structures are essential for their function. The similarities between the crystallins found in scallops and elephant shrews support this idea, as they suggest that the two species have both adapted a similar strategy for optimizing visual function.

the fact that crystallins in scallops and elephant shrews are both derived from forms of aldehyde dehydrogenase can be explained by the evolution of these proteins. The aldehyde dehydrogenases are a group of enzymes that have played a crucial role in the evolution of complex eyes, and their adaptation into crystallins has enabled the development of highly stable and transparent lenses. While the evolution of crystallins has occurred independently in different lineages, the similarities between the crystallins found in scallops and elephant shrews suggest that there are constraints on the ways in which these proteins can evolve.

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The correct answers in this question are, (B) They

lower the activation energy of the reaction and (C) they promote the formation of a transition state.

Explanation: Enzymes do not necessarily shift

reaction equilibrium to the products, as there are

reversible enzymatic reactions that can reverse

the pathway back to the substrates. They do

not increase the concentration of the reactants

as the concentration of the reactants is an

independent variable in this process. They do

not decrease the free energy of activation as this

is a constant in every reaction depending on the

substrates and the products

Therefore, the pH and the equilibrium concentration of S²⁻ in a 6.89x10⁻² M hydrosulfuric acid solution are pH = 7.78 and [S²⁻] = 2.31x10⁻¹¹ M.

Hydrosulfuric acid (H₂S) is a weak acid that dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions (H⁺) and bisulfide ions (HS⁻). H₂S(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + HS⁻(aq)

The bisulfide ions (HS⁻) in turn reacts with water to produce hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) and sulfide ions (S²⁻).

HS⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq) Ka1

= 1.0x10⁻⁷,

Ka2 = 1.0x10⁻¹⁹

To calculate the pH and the equilibrium concentration of S²⁻ in a 6.89x10⁻² M H₂S(aq) solution, we must first determine if H₂S(aq) is a strong or weak acid.

It has Ka1 = 1.0x10⁻⁷, which is a very small value; thus, we can conclude that H₂S(aq) is a weak acid.

To calculate the equilibrium concentration of S²⁻ in a 6.89x10⁻² M H₂S(aq) solution, we need to use the Ka2 value (Ka2 = 1.0x10⁻¹⁹) and a chemical equilibrium table.

[H₂S] = 6.89x10⁻² M[H₃O⁺] [HS⁻] [S²⁻]

Initial 0 0 0Change -x +x +x

Equilibrium (6.89x10⁻² - x) x xKa2 = [H₃O⁺][S²⁻]/[HS⁻]1.0x10⁻¹⁹

= x² / (6.89x10⁻² - x)

Simplifying: 1.0x10⁻¹⁹ = x² / (6.89x10⁻²)

Thus: x = √[(1.0x10⁻¹⁹)(6.89x10⁻²)]

x = 2.31x10⁻¹¹ M

Thus, [S²⁻] = 2.31x10⁻¹¹ M

To calculate the pH of the solution, we can use the Ka1 value and the following chemical equilibrium table.

[H₂S] = 6.89x10⁻² M[H₃O⁺] [HS⁻] [S²⁻]

Initial 0 0 0

Change -x +x +x

Equilibrium (6.89x10⁻² - x) x x

Ka1 = [H₃O⁺][HS⁻]/[H₂S]1.0x10⁻⁷

= x(6.89x10⁻² - x) / (6.89x10⁻²)

Simplifying: 1.0x10⁻⁷ = x(6.89x10⁻² - x) / (6.89x10⁻²)

Thus: x = 1.66x10⁻⁸ M[H₃O⁺]

= 1.66x10⁻⁸ M

Then, pH = -log[H₃O⁺]

= -log(1.66x10⁻⁸)

= 7.78 (rounded to two decimal places)

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Blackbody radiators are objects that emit electromagnetic radiation at all wavelengths and absorb all incident radiation. Non-blackbody radiators, on the other hand, do not emit radiation at all wavelengths or absorb all incident radiation.

Blackbody radiators, according to Planck's law, are idealized objects that emit radiation across the entire electromagnetic spectrum and absorb all incident radiation without reflecting or transmitting any of it. They follow a specific distribution of radiation intensity with respect to wavelength called blackbody radiation.

Real-world objects, such as most materials, are not perfect blackbodies as they have varying reflectivity and emissivity across different wavelengths. They may absorb or emit radiation more strongly at certain wavelengths, resulting in a characteristic spectrum that deviates from the ideal blackbody curve.

Non-blackbody radiators can include objects like metals, gases, and semiconductors, which exhibit selective absorption and emission properties depending on their atomic or molecular structure.

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Answer:

Follows are the solution to this question:

Explanation:

In the given question statement is not correct because in the mid 19th century. When the industrialization started underway, the great manufacturing forces, in particular, the United Kingdom and the US, would be aggressively constantly looking for new suppliers and new businesses for their industrial goods.

Answer:

This is called a chemical reaction. gas may form.heat may be produced and the color may change

Answer:

The enthalpy of solution for AgNO3 is positive because the temperature of the solution decreases (the dissolution is endothermic). Hsol = Hsolute + Hsolvent + HmixHsolute and Hsolvent are endothermic because energy is required to overcome intermolecular forces and separate solute and solvent particles.

Answer:

the enthalpy of solution for agno3 is positive because the temperature of the solution decreases. (the dissolution is endothermic.)

Delta H sol=delta HSolute +delta H solvent +delta H mix

HSolute and H solvent are endothermic because energy is required to overcome intermolecular forces and separate solute and solvent particles.

H mix is exothermic because energy is released when intermolecular forces form between solute and solvent particles.

if the overall enthalpy of solution is positive, then HSolute + H solvent must be larger in magnitude than H mix.

Explanation:

correct on edge2021

Answer:

Organelles are structures within a cell that perform specific functions like controlling cell growth and producing energy. Plant and animal cells can contain similar types of organelles. However, certain organelles can only be found in plant cells and certain organelles can only be found in animal cells.

Answer:

20

Explanation:

Answer:B

Explanation:

The dominant transport mechanism in the lake is diffusion. The water treatment plant has a limited time before it needs to start treating for manganese, and the minimum height above the lake bottom for the water intake to provide one year for designing and installing a manganese treatment system needs to be determined.

Dominant transport mechanism: Diffusion is the main transport mechanism in the lake. This means that manganese is gradually diffusing from the solid deposits at the lake bottom into the water column.

 t = (L^2) / (4D)

where t is the time in seconds, L is the distance from the bottom (1 ft or 30.48 cm), and D is the diffusion coefficient of manganese (6.88×10^(-6) cm^2/s).

Calculation Plugging in the values into the equation, we can calculate the time it takes for manganese to reach the water intake level.

  t = (30.48^2) / (4 × 6.88×10^(-6)) = 126,707 seconds

  Converting seconds to days: 126,707 seconds ÷ (24 hours/day × 3600 seconds/hour) ≈ 1.47 days

  Therefore, the water treatment plant has approximately 1.47 days before it needs to start treating for manganese.

Minimum intake height: To provide one year for designing and installing a manganese treatment system, the intake should be raised to a height where the time it takes for manganese to reach that level is one year.

  t = (L^2) / (4D)

  Rearranging the equation to solve for L:

  L = √(4Dt)

  Plugging in the values: L = √(4 × 6.88×10^(-6) cm^2/s × (1 year × 365 days/year × 24 hours/day × 3600 seconds/hour))

  L ≈ 49.65 cm or 0.163 ft

The minimum height above the lake bottom that the intake should be raised to is approximately 0.163 ft.

The dominant transport mechanism in the lake is diffusion, where manganese is slowly diffusing from the solid deposits into the water column. The water treatment plant has approximately 1.47 days before it needs to start treating for manganese to maintain concentrations below the detection limit. To provide one year for designing and installing a treatment system, the intake should be raised to a minimum height of approximately 0.163 ft above the lake bottom.

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The overall cell reaction and e°cell at 25°c of a galvanic cell made of a cd electrode in a 1.0 m cd(no3)2 solution and a pb electrode in a 1.0 m pb(no3)2 solution. D.) Pb2+(aq) + Zn(s) > Pb(s) + Zn2+(aq), In order for the cell to be galvanic, the overall cell potential must be a positive value and it must have redox half-cell reactions. The oxidation/reduction half-cell reactions occur as follows. Zn  →  Zn2+  +  2e-                                 E0 = -(-0.76) V

 (We reversed this because it is an oxidation reaction (as Zn oxidised with ease when compared to Pb), and the other is

Pb2+  +  2 e-  →  Pb                                E0 = -0.13 V  (Reduction reaction).

A galvanic cell or voltaic cell is an electrochemical device that uses spontaneous redox reactions to transform chemical energy into electrical energy. Gadget cell The voltaic cell is an electrochemical device that uses chemical reactions to produce electricity. An electrochemical cell called a galvanic cell can generate electricity through a chemical reaction. In an electrolytic cell, a chemical reaction is propagated by an electric current. In this cell, chemical energy is transformed into electrical energy. Chemical energy is transformed from electrical energy by it. The anode of a galvanic cell will receive electrons as they enter. The anode is negatively charged because electrons are positively charged particles. The cathode operates similarly.

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Answer:

The correct statement is;

(B) Only II

Explanation:

I) The atomic mass unit or amu which is also known as daltons which is defined as 1/12 × the mass of a carbon-12 atom, which is therefore, 1.660538921 × ⁻²⁴ grams

Therefore, the mass of 1 atom of carbon-12 = 12 amu

II) The mass of one mole of oxygen-16 is 16 grams while the mass of one mole of carbon-12 is 12 grams

The mass of 4 atoms of carbon 12 = 4 × 12 amu = 48 amu

The mass of 1 atom of oxygen-16 = 15.99491461956 amu

Therefore, the mass of 3 atoms of oxygen-16 = 3 × 15.99491461956 = 47.9847438587 amu ≈ 48 amu

Therefore only II is correct.

False.

We use the ideal gas law to describe the behavior of gases under specific conditions, such as constant temperature, pressure, and volume. It is a mathematical formula that relates the pressure, volume, amount, and temperature of a gas.

What is Ideal Gas Law?

The ideal gas law is a mathematical equation that describes the behavior of an ideal gas under specific conditions. It relates the pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), and amount of substance (n) of an ideal gas, using the following equation:

PV = nRT

where R is the universal gas constant, which has a value of 8.31 J/(mol·K) in SI units.

The ideal gas law assumes that the gas molecules are point masses that do not interact with each other except through perfectly elastic collisions, and that the gas occupies a large volume compared to the size of the molecules. In reality, most gases do not behave exactly like ideal gases, especially at high pressures or low temperatures.

However, when a gas changes, we may need to use different laws or equations to describe the behavior of the gas, depending on the conditions and factors involved. For example, if the volume of a gas changes at a constant temperature and pressure, we would use Boyle's Law, which describes the relationship between volume and pressure.

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Always moving from anode to cathode, electrons. This is the transition from an oxidation to a reduction half cell. Electrons will switch from Fe²⁺ towards Cl₂ in this reaction.

The smallest elemental component of an atom, the electron has a negative charge. In a neutral atom, there are an equal amount of protons and electrons. One electron but one proton are all that the hydrogen atom has. The uranium atom, on the other hand, has 92 protons, which translates to 92 electrons.

Net reaction:

Cl₂ + 2Fe²⁺ → 2Cl⁻ + 2Fe³⁺

Oxidation state:

0        +2         -1         +3

Because Cl's oxidation state is shifting form 0 to -1. Cl₂ is thus transformed into Cl. Fe²⁺ is oxidising to Fe³⁺ as the oxidation number of Fe changes from +2 to +3.

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