how does adding more substrate effect an enzyme reaction

PLEASEEEE HELPPPP :(​

Answer:

ANNETTE INHERITED 50% HAIR GENES FROM HER MOTHER AND 50% FROM HER FATHER.

Explanation:

This because Annette took characteristics from her phenotype, your phenotype is shaped by your genotype. in reality Annette inherited from both parents.

Answer:

an aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem in the body of water examples are marine ecosystem and fresh water ecosystem

An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem in the body of water examples are marine ecosystem and fresh water ecosystem.

An ecosystem is a area where flora, faunna, and other organisms, as well as weather , work together to form a life.

Examples of land-based ecosystems are forest ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, tundra ecosystems, and desert ecosystems.

Thus, An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem in the body of water.

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Answer:

True

Explanation:

62. The process that does NOT require calcium is repolarization of a neuron's plasma membrane during action potentials.

a. Repolarization is the stage of an action potential in which the membrane potential returns to its resting state by either potassium ions flowing out or chloride ions flowing in. The reason for this is that it does not need calcium because the movement of potassium ions is regulated by potassium channels.

b. Exocytosis of neurotransmitters from axon terminals requires calcium ions to enter the axon terminal from the extracellular fluid, leading to fusion of vesicles with the presynaptic membrane and the release of neurotransmitters.

c. Smooth muscle contraction requires calcium ions to bind with calmodulin, which then activates myosin light-chain kinase, resulting in the phosphorylation of myosin.

d. Gland secretions are stimulated by various factors, including calcium ions that play a role in the release of certain hormones.

e. Exocytosis of neurotransmitters from varicosities in the ANS requires calcium ions to enter the varicosity, leading to the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.

63. Sensory receptors are specialized structures that detect a specific form of energy in the external or internal environment and transduce it into a graded potential. Photoreceptors are sensory receptors in the retina that detect light energy, whereas nociceptors are sensory receptors in the skin that detect pain. Rods are photoreceptor cells in the retina that detect light under low-light conditions. The primary cortex is the region of the brain that receives and processes sensory input from sensory receptors.

64. Dual innervation is the concept that most viscera are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. These two divisions have opposing effects on the same organ, allowing for fine control of the organ's activity. Some examples include the heart, which is innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, and the gastrointestinal tract, which is innervated by both divisions as well.

a. Most viscera are regulated by both the endocrine system and autonomic nervous system,

b. Most viscera only receive innervation by one of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system,

c. Most viscera are innervated by both the somatic motor division and the autonomic nervous system.

e. None of the other answers are correct are incorrect.

65. The resting membrane potential is established mainly from the diffusion of potassium ions through leak channels. The resting membrane potential is the voltage difference between the inside and outside of a cell when it is not being stimulated. This potential is established by the movement of ions through ion channels in the plasma membrane. Potassium ions are the most important ions involved in generating the resting membrane potential because the cell is more permeable to potassium than any other ion.

a. Sodium ions through voltage-gated channels,

b. Potassium ions through voltage-gated channels,

c. Sodium ions through leak channels,

d. Calcium ions through leak channels, and

e. Calcium ions through voltage-gated channels are incorrect because only a few ions can diffuse through leak channels, and voltage-gated channels are activated by changes in membrane potential, not by concentration gradients.

66. The rapid depolarization phase of an action potential is due to the movement of sodium ions through voltage-gated channels. The rapid depolarization phase of an action potential is characterized by a rapid increase in membrane potential due to the influx of positively charged ions into the cell. This influx of ions is mainly due to the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels in the plasma membrane. Chloride ions, potassium ions, and sodium ions through leak channels are not responsible for the rapid depolarization phase of an action potential.

67. Neurotransmitters (NT) bind to receptors on postsynaptic neurons and cause ion channels to open or close. This affects the postsynaptic neuron because NT binding changes the membrane potential and creates either a depolarizing or hyperpolarizing graded potential. The effect of NT on the postsynaptic neuron depends on the type of receptor it binds to. Some receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that directly open or close ion channels, while others are G protein-coupled receptors that activate intracellular signaling pathways.

Calcium or lime is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark nitride-oxide layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologs strontium and barium.

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Answer:

Solar energy is converted to chemical energy.

Explanation:

Hope it helps.

Answer:

solar energy is converted to chemical energy

Explanation:

Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, absorbed by the small intestine, transported to the liver, and used for energy or stored as glycogen or fat depending on the body's needs.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the bloodstream. If there is a high amount of glucose in the bloodstream, insulin will signal to the liver and muscle cells to absorb and store the excess glucose. If there is a low amount of glucose in the bloodstream, glucagon will signal the liver to break down the stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream to be used for energy.

When carbohydrates are ingested, they are digested in the mouth and stomach. The carbohydrates are broken down into glucose. The glucose is absorbed by the small intestine. The glucose is then transported to the liver.

The glucose is used for energy and stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use. If there is an excess of glucose, it will be stored as fat in the adipose tissue.

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The correct order in which they occur in the CAM pathway begins at the top with the entry of carbon dioxide into the leaf: Carbon dioxide diffuses into the leaf when stomata are open at night, Carbon dioxide is stored as a four-carbon molecule in vacuoles within mesophyll cells, The stored four-carbon molecule is moved from vacuoles to chloroplasts of mesophyll cells and carbon dioxide is released, Carbon dioxide enters the Calvin cycle when the stomata are closed during the day.

As an adaptation to arid environments, some plants developed a carbon fixation mechanism known as crassulacean acid metabolism, or CAM photosynthesis, which enables a plant to photosynthesize during the day but only exchange gases at night. Plants have modified their CAM pathway to undertake photosynthesis in stressful situations.

Photorespiration is decreased via the CAM pathway. To minimize water loss during the day, CAM plants have open stomata at night, where they absorb carbon dioxide. Stomata open during the night in this channel, allowing CO2 to permeate into the leaf where it combines with PEP to produce malate. Then, until daylight, this acid is kept in huge central vacuoles.

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H2o2 is one! I'm not sure about others.

Answer:

some molecules pass

Explanation:

The ability of a membrane to pass or not to pass a substance is its permeability (permeability).

Permeability is, in fact, the ease with which a dissolved particle passes through the membrane, which depends on both the properties of the particles and the properties of the membrane itself.

The membrane is semipermeable (semipermeable) or selectively permeable because it does not permeate all molecules.

Allowing only certain substances to pass through the membrane phrase best describes the property of selective permeability. Therefore, the correct option is B.

Selective permeability describes the ability of a membrane to selectively allow certain chemicals to pass through while preventing or limiting the passage of others. This indicates that the membrane has some mechanism in place to regulate what passes through it based on factors such as size, charge or solubility. By controlling the passage of molecules and ions across membranes, this feature is essential for preserving the harmony and integrity of cells and tissues.

Therefore, the correct option is B.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:

Which phrase best describes the property of selective permeability?

A) Allowing all substances to freely pass through the membrane.

B) Allowing only certain substances to pass through the membrane.

C) Preventing any substances from passing through the membrane.

D) Allowing substances to pass through the membrane randomly.

Answer:

uhh

Explanation:

sorry i dont know

Answer:

Robinson projection

Explanation:

Robinson’s map is more accurate than a Mercator projection. The shapes and sizes of continents are closer to true. Robinson's map is best within 45° of the equator. Distances along the equator and the lines parallel to it are true. However, the scales along each line of latitude are different. In 1988, the National Geographic Society began to use Robinson’s projection for its world maps.

Hope this helps.

The statements that reflect our new understandings from the Human Microbiome Project are: a. Viruses are part of a normal microbiome in humans

c. Even healthy people can carry pathogenic species as part of their microbiome
d. Microbes have been discovered in tissues that we once believed were sterile
e. The composition of the microbiome may have an impact on non-infectious diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, asthma and even obesity
f. Formula has a superior set of microbes to add to the microbiome of a newborn is not a statement that reflects our new understandings from the Human Microbiome Project.

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The statements that reflect our new understandings from the Human Microbiome Project are: a. Viruses are part of a normal microbiome in humans c. Even healthy people can carry pathogenic species as part of their microbiome d. Microbes have been discovered in tissues that we once believed were sterile e. The composition of the microbiome may have an impact on non-infectious diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, asthma and even obesity. Therefore the correct option are option A, C, D , E.

Viruses are a normal component of the human microbiome, according to the Human Microbiome Project. Viruses were previously linked with disease and infection.

The Human Microbiome Project has discovered that even healthy individuals can carry pathogenic species in their microbiome.

Microbes have been found in previously thought-to-be sterile tissues, according to the Human Microbiome Project. Therefore the correct option are option A, C, D , E.

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Sarah's chances of being a carrier of hemophilia are relatively low. Hemophilia is an X-linked genetic disorder that is caused by an abnormal gene on the X chromosome.

Since Sarah has a male sibling with hemophilia, it is likely that her father is a carrier of the gene, since he would have passed it on to his son.

However, since neither of her parents are hemophiliacs, it is unlikely that her father passed it on to her. In fact, Sarah has a 25% chance of being a carrier of the abnormal gene, but it would be unlikely that she would ever develop the disorder.

Therefore, Sarah's chances of being a carrier of hemophilia are relatively low, but it is still important for her to be aware of the potential risk and to get tested if necessary.

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Answer:

so, what is the question?

Explanation:

The incident of the MRSA describes the strains that occurred include :

Methicillin is an antibiotic that was used for the treatment of bacteria that causes infection in organisms and is derived from penicillin. Being a narrow-spectrum antibiotic it was discovered in the 1960's.

The drug is resistant to the B lactam antibiotic. The hospital thus provides it with extreme care and can be used for genetic treatment.

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The statements that accurately describe how MRSA strains occurred are:  Individuals that are admitted to the hospital are likely already carrying MRSA infections. Hospital systems provide a mechanism for extreme selection pressure with sterile technique and heavy use of antibiotics. The correct options are A, C, and D.

These claims draw attention to crucial elements involved in the emergence and dissemination of MRSA strains.

It is possible for someone to carry MRSA before entering a hospital, increasing the likelihood that an infection would take place there (Statement A).

Hospital systems, with their emphasis on sterile procedures and heavy reliance on antibiotics, produce a setting with high selection pressure that favours the survival and spread of MRSA strains (Statement C).

Staphylococcus aureus can also pass on genetic elements that are resistant to methicillin to offspring and other population members, aiding in the propagation of resistant strains (Statement D).

Thus, the correct options are A, C, and D.

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Answer:

the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.

Explanation:

Answer:

For each phenotype, give the genotypes that are possible for Patrick. A tall head ( T) is dominant to short (t). Tall = TT It Short = tt. Pink body color (P) is dominant.

Explanation:

hope this helps

Answer:

The answer is B

Explanation:

In the troposphere, CFCs are stable but in the stratosphere, CFCs are not stable and release damaging chlorine atoms when exposed to UV radiation.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are compounds made up of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine atoms. They were once widely used in refrigerants, aerosol sprays, and foam insulation. However, because of their detrimental effects on the Earth's ozone layer, their use has been phased out.

In the stratosphere, CFCs are not stable and release damaging chlorine atoms when exposed to UV radiation. The chlorine atoms combine with ozone, resulting in a chain reaction that destroys the ozone layer, exposing the Earth's surface to harmful UV radiation.

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Building roads through the rainforest ecosystem can have a significant impact on the rainforest ecosystem in several ways.

Firstly, it can lead to the fragmentation of the forest, which can disrupt the natural movement of animals and plants and can ultimately lead to a loss of biodiversity. This is because roads can act as barriers, preventing animals from accessing their natural habitats and food sources, and making it easier for invasive species to take over.

Secondly, the construction of roads can lead to increased deforestation, as it can provide easier access to remote areas for logging, mining, and agriculture. This can cause a significant loss of habitat and biodiversity, as well as exacerbating issues like soil erosion and climate change.

Finally, building roads through the rainforest can also have social and economic impacts on local communities, which can exacerbate existing inequalities and lead to the displacement of indigenous peoples.

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Answer:

Hypoxia is believed to be caused primarily by excess nutrients delivered from the Mississippi River in combination with seasonal stratification of Gulf waters. ... Stratification of fresh and saline waters prevents oxygen replenishment by mixing of oxygen-rich surface water with oxygen-depleted bottom water.

When individuals with a particular phenotype have higher fitness when they are rare, this phenomenon is known as positive frequency-dependent selection.

In positive frequency-dependent selection, the fitness of a phenotype increases as it becomes less common in the population. This type of selection can arise due to various reasons. One possibility is that the phenotype provides an advantage in specific situations or environments where it is less likely to encounter competition or predation. In such cases, individuals with the rare phenotype have a higher chance of survival and reproductive success, leading to an increase in their fitness.

Positive frequency-dependent selection can also result from social interactions or cooperative behaviors. For example, in certain species, the success of a behavior or trait may depend on the presence or cooperation of other individuals with the same phenotype. In these cases, individuals with the rare phenotype may have an advantage in accessing resources or gaining cooperation, leading to increased fitness.

Overall, positive frequency-dependent selection promotes the maintenance of genetic diversity in populations by favoring rare phenotypes, which can contribute to the stability and adaptability of species in changing environments.

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When researchers Olds and Milner accidentally placed electrodes near a rat's hypothalamus, the animal kept returning to the place where it had been stimulated.

The rat kept returning to the place where it had been stimulated when researchers Olds and Milner accidentally placed electrodes near a rat's hypothalamus.

The hypothalamus is a small, almond-sized area of the brain located beneath the thalamus, and just above the brainstem's base. The hypothalamus contains nerve cells that monitor the body's internal environment. It regulates the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary body functions, and the endocrine system, which secretes hormones and regulates body processes. In addition, it also regulates emotional states, hunger, thirst, and circadian rhythms.

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Answer:

what can you infer are the habitat characteristics necessary to provide the highest health rating?

Low temperature levels

Explanation:

Plants do grow on the bottom of lakes. Sea weed,  that often encompasses various types of algae and marine plants found in both saltwater oceans and freshwater bodies, including lakes.

Aquatic plants have adaptations that allow them to survive and grow in submerged conditions. They have specialized structures, such as root-like anchors called rhizomes or root systems, which help them attach to the lakebed and obtain nutrients from the water and sediment. These plants also have adaptations to carry out photosynthesis underwater, utilizing the available light for energy production.

In lakes, aquatic plants play essential roles in the ecosystem. They provide oxygen, food, and habitat for various organisms, help stabilize sediments, and contribute to water quality by absorbing excess nutrients.

So, while the term "sea weed" is commonly associated with marine environments, there are indeed plant species that grow on the bottom of lakes, forming underwater vegetation that serves crucial ecological functions.

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The universal donor blood group is O and the universal acceptor group is AB+

There are four types of blood groups present. They are A, B, AB, and O. The blood groups of a person are determined by the genetics of his parents.

A, B, and Rh antigens are present in the blood group AB+, which has no serum antibodies and is the universal acceptor. On the other side, blood group O- is the universal donor because it does not include the Rh antigen, antigens A or B.

Therefore, a. universal donor blood group is O-.

b. universal acceptor group is AB+

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