How is pesudoscience different than science
Answers
The big difference between science and pseudo-science is a difference in attitude. While a pseudo-science is set up to look for evidence that supports its claims, a science is set up to challenge its claims and look for evidence that might prove it false
Related Questions
5 grams of salt (NaCl) is added to 170 ml of water. What are the new freezing and boiling points?
Answers
5 grams of salt (NaCl) is added to 170 ml of water is New boiling point 100.443^oC, New freezing point -1.584^oC.
What are the new freezing and boiling points?The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius, and almost everyone is aware with the freezing point of water, which is 0 degrees Celsius. When substance is dissolved into a liquid, the freezing and boiling points alter; the freezing point decreases and the boiling point increases.
Water's freezing point or temperature is 0°C, whereas its boiling point or temperature is 100°C. Q. Water's temperature does not vary when heated to either its boiling or melting point. The increasing of a solvent's boiling point as a result of the addition of a solute is known as boiling point elevation.
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Anything detected with the five senses is considered an
Answers
Answer:
sight, taste, touch, hearing and smell
Explanation:
Anything detected with the five senses is considered a sensory perception or sensory experience
Our five senses are sight (vision), hearing (audition), taste (gustation), touch (tactile perception), and smell (olfaction). These senses allow us to perceive and interpret information from the external environment.
When stated as "detected with the five senses," which means gather information about the world around us through these sensory experiences.
For example:
1. Sight (Vision): We perceive visual information through our eyes, allowing us to see colors, shapes, and movements.
2. Hearing (Audition): We perceive auditory information through our ears, allowing us to hear sounds and distinguish between different tones and pitches.
3. Taste (Gustation): We perceive taste sensations through our taste buds on the tongue, allowing us to distinguish between sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami flavors.
4. Touch (Tactile Perception): We perceive tactile sensations through our skin, allowing us to feel textures, pressure, temperature, and pain.
5. Smell (Olfaction): We perceive smells through our olfactory system, located in our nose, allowing us to detect and identify various scents and odors.
All the sensory experiences , whether through sight, hearing, taste, touch, or smell, contribute to our understanding of the world and our surroundings.
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Which element can you expect to have similar properties to Chlorine (element 17)?
Answers
Answer:
Any element with 7 electrons in the outermost shell will have similar properties.
Explanation:
How to calculate heat solution of ammonium chloride?
Answers
The heat solution of ammonium chloride is calculated using the formula: Heat solution = Mass of NH₄Cl x Specific heat capacity x Temperature change
Ammonium chloride is a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. It is odorless and has a bitter taste. Ammonium chloride is commonly used as a food additive and is also found in cough and cold medicines.
Heat solution is the amount of heat that is absorbed or released when a solute dissolves in a solvent. It is expressed in joules or calories.The formula to calculate heat solution is given as:
Heat solution = Mass of solute x Specific heat capacity x Temperature change Where,Mass of solute = The amount of solute (in grams)Specific heat capacity = The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.
Temperature change = The difference in temperature between the solution before and after the solute is dissolved.
The heat solution of ammonium chloride can be calculated using the formula:Heat solution = Mass of NH₄Cl x Specific heat capacity x Temperature changeThe mass of ammonium chloride can be measured using a digital balance. The specific heat capacity of ammonium chloride is 1.67 J/g°C.
The temperature change can be calculated by subtracting the initial temperature of the solution from the final temperature of the solution. The temperature can be measured using a thermometer. Once you have all the required values, you can substitute them in the formula and calculate the heat solution of ammonium chloride.
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4 Calculate the mass of tin that can be extracted from 100 kg of tin ore that contains
1% tin by mass. Calculate the mass of waste produced.
Answers
Answer:
formula for calculating mass is
first U will HV to find number of moles
m=n×M
Two materials A and B are heated separately in air. The product formed is dissolved in water. How will you identify which one is metal?
Answers
what volume of bromine trifluoride is required to produce 106 liters of fluorine gas according to the following reaction? (all gases are at the same temperature and pressure.)
Answers
70.6 litres of bromine trifluoride is required to produce 106 liters of fluorine gas according to the following reaction provided that all gases are at the same temperature and pressure.
Since, 2BrF3 (g) gives Br2 (g) + 3 F2 (g)
Here 2 mole BrF3 produces 3 mole F2
If volume produced of F2 is 106 litres
Therefore, volume of BrF3 =?
Since, v1 is directly proportional to n1
Therefore, v1/n1 = v2/n2
v1/2moles = 106 litres/3 moles
v1= 212/3 = 70.6 litres
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The volume of a gas is 605 liters at 27.0°C. The new temperature is -3.0°C. What is the new volume? (Remember to convert temperatures to the Kelvin scale.) L
Answers
The volume of a gas is 605 liters at 27.0°C and the new temperature is -3.0°C, so the resultant volume of the sample is 544.53L.
What is the relation between volume and temperature?Relation between the volume and temperature of the sample of gas is represented by the ideal gas equation PV = nRT, and for the question required equation is:
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂, where
V₁ & T₁ are the initial volume and temperature of the gas.
V₂ & T₂ are the final volume and temperature of the gas.
On putting values from the question on the above equation and by converting temperature into Kelvin, we get
V₂ = (605)(270.15) / (300.15) = 544.53 L
Hence required volume of the sample is 544.53L.
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Consider the following intermediate chemical equations.
2 equations: upper P subscript 4 (s) plus 3 upper O subscript 2 (g) right arrow upper P subscript 4 upper O subscript 6 (s). Delta H 1 equals negative 1, 640 kilojoules. 2: upper P subscript 4 upper O subscript 10 (s) right arrow upper P subscript 4 (s) plus 5 upper O subscript 2 (g). Delta H 2 equals 2, 940.1 kilojoules.
What is the enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction Upper P subscript 4 upper O subscript 6 (s) plus 2 upper O subscript 2 (g) right arrow upper P subscript 4 upper O subscript 10 (s).?
-4,580 kJ
-1,300 kJ
1,300 kJ
4,580 kJ
Answers
Answer:
-1300
Explanation:
Answer:
-1300
Explanation:
trust
Do you think the average seasonal temperatures have changed during the past few years?
How do you think temperatures may compare with temperatures from thousands or millions of years ago?
How do you think climate change may affect ecosystems and human populations?
Answers
Explanation:
Yes, the average seasonal temperatures have changed during the past few years. According to scientists, the Earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.8 degrees Celsius since 1880.
Temperatures from thousands or millions of years ago are difficult to accurately measure and compare to current temperatures. However, scientists estimate that temperatures during the last ice age were much cooler than they are today.
Climate change has a significant impact on ecosystems and human populations. Warmer temperatures can cause droughts, floods, extreme weather events, ocean acidification, and sea level rise, all of which can have devastating effects. Furthermore, climate change increases the risk of food insecurity, water scarcity, and species extinction.
what is a mixture of elements and compounds
Answers
The substance in the image above would be classified as a mixture of elements (option E).
What is a compound and mixture?A compound is a substance formed by chemical bonding of two or more elements in definite proportions by weight.
On the other hand, a mixture is made when two or more substances are combined, but they are not combined chemically.
According to this question, an image is shown with two different substances or elements as distinguished by coloration (white and purple). These elements are combined but not chemically bonded, hence, is a mixture.
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What chemical compound is phosphorus most commonly found in
Answers
Answer:
Phosphorus generally forms compounds with oxygen, hydrogen, and halides
Explanation:
:)
Answer:
Phosphate
The most prevalent compounds of phosphorus are derivatives of phosphate (PO43−), a tetrahedral anion. Phosphate is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid, which is produced on a massive scale for use in fertilizers.
What is phosphate?
phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group, or ester derived from phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid H ₃PO ₄. The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO ₄]³⁻ is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons H⁺ .
What is phosphate used for?
Phosphate rock is processed to produce phosphorous, which is one of the three main nutrients most commonly used in fertilizers (the other two are nitrogen and potassium). Phosphate can also be turned into phosphoric acid, which is used in everything from food and cosmetics to animal feed and electronics.
Steric strain in a large molecule is often reduced by changes in torsion angles. However, in smaller sets of fused benzene rings, like phenanthrene and 3,4-benzophenanthrene (shown below), the first geometric parameters to vary from reference values are found to be the central bond lengths and bond angles. Why do they expand to relieve steric strain before the molecule undergoes torsion to a non-planar structure?
Answers
The molecule expand to relieve steric strain before undergoing torsion to a non-planar structure in order to have several resonating structures.
What is a molecule?It should be noted that a molecule simply mean the group of atoms that are bonded together that represents the smallest fundamental unit if the chemical compound.
It should be noted that structures containing fused benzene rings have extensive conjugation. Due to this, they can undergo resonance.
This is vital in decreasing the overall energy of the molecule and helps increase its stability. When there's a change in torsion angle to relieve the steric strain, the molecule won't be planar, hence, the energy will increase and the stability will reduce.
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if their was no trees on this planet what would have happen to society
Answers
Answer:
Life could not exist on Earth without trees because they produce most of the oxygen that humans and wildlife breathe. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen using the process of photosynthesis.
Benzene can be nitrated with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids. Draw the 3-atom electrophile in the reaction. Include any formal charges.
Answers
When benzene is nitrated with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids, the electrophile that attacks the benzene ring is a nitronium ion, which has the chemical formula NO2+. This electrophile is generated in situ from the reaction between nitric acid and sulfuric acid, as shown below:
HNO3 + H2SO4 → NO2+ + HSO4- + H2O
The nitronium ion has a formal positive charge on the nitrogen atom (+1) and a formal negative charge on one of the oxygen atoms (-1), giving it an overall formal charge of 0. The three atoms that make up the nitronium ion are nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and oxygen (O), arranged in a linear configuration. The nitrogen atom is the electrophilic center, as it is the site of positive charge and the atom that attacks the benzene ring in the nitration reaction.
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have a low ph. this is required for a product to be processed using hot fill technology.
Answers
A low pH is necessary for a product to be processed using hot fill technology.
Hot fill technology is a popular process used in the food industry to preserve and extend the shelf life of products. In this process, the food product is heated to a high temperature and then filled into a container. The container is then sealed to prevent contamination. The high temperature ensures that bacteria and other microorganisms are destroyed, which makes the food product safe for consumption. The low pH is essential for a product to be processed using hot fill technology. The low pH helps to prevent the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms, which can spoil the product. The low pH also helps to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of spoilage organisms. Low pH is typically achieved by adding acids such as citric acid, malic acid, or phosphoric acid to the product. The amount of acid added depends on the desired pH level. The pH of the product is critical to ensure the safety and quality of the product. The product should have a pH level of 4.5 or below to be processed using hot fill technology. This is because most bacteria cannot grow at a pH below 4.5. A low pH helps to create a hostile environment for bacteria and other microorganisms, which helps to prevent the growth of these organisms and extend the shelf life of the product. The low pH helps to prevent the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms, which helps to extend the shelf life of the product. The pH of the product should be 4.5 or below to ensure the safety and quality of the product.
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why does a new flu shot need to be made each year ?
Answers
because we could be sick if don't get the shot there is a higher chance to have the flu
i hope this helps you!
In a galvanic cell, a spontaneous redox reaction occurs. However,the reactants are separated such that the transfer of electrons isforced to occur across a wire. The resulting electricity ismeasured in volts (\rm V) and is the sum of the potentials of the oxidation andreduction half-reactions:
{E^\circ}_{\rm cell} = {E^\circ}_{\rm ox} + {E^\circ}_{\rm red}
A table of standard reduction potentials gives{E^\circ}_{\rm red}values for common half-reactions.
Reduction half-reaction E(\rm V)
\rm Ag^+{(aq)}+e^- \rightarrow Ag{(s)} 0.80
\rm Cu^{2+}{(aq)}+2e^- \rightarrow Cu{(s)} 0.34
\rm Ni^{2+}{(aq)}+2e^- \rightarrow Ni{(s)} -0.26
\rm Fe^{2+}{(aq)}+2e^- \rightarrow Fe{(s)} -0.45
\rm Zn^{2+}{(aq)}+2e^- \rightarrow Zn{(s)} -0.76
By reversing any of these reduction half-reactions, you getthe corresponding oxidation half-reaction, for which{E^\circ}_{\rm ox}has the opposite sign of{E^\circ}_{\rm red}.
Part A
Calculate the standard potential for thefollowing galvanic cell:
\rm Ni (s)~ | ~ Ni^{2+}{(aq)}~ | ~Ag^{+}{(aq)}~ |~ Ag {(s)}
Express your answer numerically involts.
{E^\circ}_{\rm cell}= \rm V
Answers
The standard potential for the given galvanic cell is 1.06 V.
To calculate the standard potential for the galvanic cell Ni(s) | Ni2+(aq) | Ag+(aq) | Ag(s), you need to follow these steps:
1. Identify the oxidation and reduction half-reactions:
Ni(s) → Ni2+(aq) + 2e- (oxidation half-reaction)
Ag+(aq) + e- → Ag(s) (reduction half-reaction)
2. Find the standard reduction potentials (E°red) for each half-reaction from the table:
E°red(Ni2+ + 2e- → Ni(s)) = -0.26 V
E°red(Ag+ + e- → Ag(s)) = 0.80 V
3. Reverse the oxidation half-reaction and find its standard potential (E°ox) by changing the sign of E°red:
E°ox(Ni(s) → Ni2+(aq) + 2e-) = 0.26 V
4. Calculate the standard potential for the galvanic cell (E°cell) using the formula E°cell = E°ox + E°red:
E°cell = 0.26 V + 0.80 V
5. Obtain the final answer:
E°cell = 1.06 V
So, the standard potential for the given galvanic cell is 1.06 V.
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if selective precipitation is to be achieved using nacl, what minimum concentration of nacl would be required to begin the precipitation of the ion that precipitates first.
Answers
When a solute species dissolves and precipitates at the same rates, solubility equilibria are established.
These equilibria govern a variety of technical and natural processes, from water filtration to tooth decay. To control these processes effectively, one must have a thorough understanding of the variables impacting chemical solubility. The methods and concepts of equilibrium that were previously covered in this section are applied to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
A substance can be essentially insoluble or sparingly soluble, or it can be infinitely soluble (miscible). When added to a solvent in a quantity greater than its solubility, a solute with finite solubility can produce a saturated solution, creating a heterogeneous combination of the saturated solution and the excess, undissolved solute. For instance, the equilibrium depicted below has been reached in a saturated solution of silver chloride.
AgCl(s) ⇌ precipitation dissolution
Ag⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)
At the same pace as these aqueous ions mix and precipitate to form solid AgCl, an excess of solid AgCl dissolves and dissociates in this solution to create aqueous Ag⁺ and Cl⁻ ions . The equilibrium concentration of silver chloride's dissolved ions in the solution is relatively low because silver chloride is a salt that is only sporadically soluble.
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What are the three important functions of the atmosphere ?
Answers
The atmosphere protects life on earth by shielding it from incoming ultraviolet (UV) radiation, keeping the planet warm through insulation, and preventing extremes between day and night temperatures.
What is the atmosphere?An atmosphere is the layers of gases surrounding a planet or other celestial body.
The three important functions of the atmosphere are:
1. The atmosphere protects life on earth by preventing it from incoming ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
2. The atmosphere keeps the planet warm through the insulation effect.
3. The atmosphere maintains extremes between day and night temperatures.
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In a mixture of noble gases, neon has a mole fraction of 0.5, argon has a mole fraction of 0.3, and xenon has a mole fraction of 0.2. Which gas will have the greatest partial pressure?
neon
argon
xenon
these will all have the same partial pressure
Answers
In a mixture of noble gases, the gas that will have the greatest partial pressure is Xenon. Mole fraction can be defined as a unit of concentration used in chemistry to measure the amount of one substance in a mixture of substances.
It is equal to the number of moles of a solute divided by the total number of moles of the solution. Therefore, given that in a mixture of noble gases, neon has a mole fraction of 0.5, argon has a mole fraction of 0.3, and xenon has a mole fraction of 0.2. The partial pressure of each gas can be calculated by using Dalton's Law of partial pressures which states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas in the mixture.
Partial pressure of each gas can be calculated as follows: PNeon = (0.5) x Ptotal PArgon = (0.3) x Ptotal PXenon = (0.2) x Ptotal, where Ptotal is the total pressure of the mixture. Now, we can see that the partial pressure of Xenon will be the greatest because it has the highest mole fraction and will therefore contribute the most to the total pressure.
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What are the factors affecting the stability of metal complexes
Answers
Answer:
1. Steric Hindrance: The size of ligands, metal ions and the coordination number must be considered while determining stability.
2. Charge: Charge balance is important to maintain stability in metal complexes. The overall charge of the complex should be neutral, and the ligands must balance the charge of the metal ion.
3. Chelate Effect: Metal complexes with chelating ligands generally show higher stability due to the formation of a ring structure that enhances the stability of coordination bonds.
4. Solvent: The nature of the solvent and its polarity affect the stability of metal complexes. An appropriate solvent should be chosen to ensure optimum stability of the complex.
5. Acid-Base Equilibria: The acidity or basicity of the ligands affects metal complex stability.
6. Temperature: The stability of metal complexes is also temperature-sensitive. A change in temperature can alter the stability of metal complexes.
7. Presence of Other Ions: The presence of other ions such as salts, counter-ions, or other metal ions can affect metal complex stability.
8. Steric Crowding: The presence of bulky groups in ligands can hinder coordination, leading to decreased stability.
Is natural gas an explosive substance or flammable substance?
Answers
Answer:
Conditions to Avoid: Natural gas is extremely flammable and explosive; avoid heat, sparks, open flames, and all possible sources of ignition. Heat will increase pressure in containers used to store natural gas.Jun 1, 2015
Answer:
Natural Gas can be explosive or flammable depending on it's concentration in air.
Natural gas has a flammability range of approximately 5 to 15 percent.
Any percentage greater than that is explosive for natural gas.
Hope this helps.
The atomic masses of 35^Cl (75.53 percent) and 37^Cl (24.47 percent) are 34.968 and 36.956 amu, respectively. Calculate the average atomic mass of chlorine. The percentages in parentheses denote the relative abundances
Answers
An element can have multiple isotopes. Isotopes correspond to variations of the same element with respect to the number of neutrons in its nucleus. the number they give us, 35 and 37 correspond to the mass number of chlorine. The percentage will be how abundant the element is.
To find the average atomic mass we must multiply the mass of the isotope by its respective percentage of abundance and add these two results.
So, the average atomic mass of Cl will be:
\(AtomicMassCl=34.968amu\times75.53\%+36.956amu\times24.47\%\)\(\begin{gathered} AtomicMassCl=26.411amu+9.043amu \\ AtomicMassCl=35.454amu \end{gathered}\)Answer: the average atomic mass of chlorine is 35.454 amu
An acid HX is 25% dissociated in water. If the equilibrium concentration of HX is 0.30 M, calculate the Ka value for HX
Answers
The Ka value for HX is approximately 0.0188.
To calculate the Ka value for HX, we need to use the equation for the dissociation of the acid:
HX ⇌ H+ + X-
The equilibrium expression for this dissociation is:
Ka = [H+][X-] / [HX]
Given that the equilibrium concentration of HX is 0.30 M and the acid is 25% dissociated, we can determine the equilibrium concentrations of H+ and X-:
[H+] = 0.25 * 0.30 M = 0.075 M
[X-] = 0.25 * 0.30 M = 0.075 M
Now we can substitute these values into the equilibrium expression and solve for Ka:
Ka = (0.075 M) * (0.075 M) / (0.30 M)
Ka = 0.005625 / 0.30
Ka ≈ 0.0188
Therefore, the Ka value for HX is approximately 0.0188.
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Students learned that objects can exert forces on other objects without touching. Which three investigations will provide evidence what they have learned. a measuring how close a soda can must be before it rolls toward a balloon that has been rubbed
Answers
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Gravity is a force that every mass exerts on every other mass. When you jump up in the air, not only does the Earth
exert a gravitational force on you, but you also exert a gravitational force on the Earth. You, of course, fall back down to
the Earth. Which of the following explains why the Earth is not moving toward you when you jump up in the air?
A. Earth exerts a gravitational force on itself.
B. You don't weigh enough to affect Earth's surface.
C. Your mass is very small compared to Earth's mass.
D. Earth's fixed orbit around the Sun keeps it from moving
Answers
Answer:
Brainliest A and I want brainliest please
Explanation:
That pull is gravity at work. Every object in the universe that has mass exerts a gravitational pull, or force, on every other mass. The size of the pull depends on the masses of the objects. You exert a gravitational force on the people around you, but the Gravity or gravitational forces are forces of attraction. We're not talking about finding someone really cute and adorable. It's like the Earth pulling on you and keeping you on the ground. That pull is gravity at work.
Every object in the universe that has mass exerts a gravitational pull, or force, on every other mass. The size of the pull depends on the masses of the objects. You exert a gravitational force on the people around you, but that force isn't very strong, since people aren't very massive. When you look at really large masses, like the Earth and Moon, the gravitational pull becomes very impressive. The gravitational force between the Earth and the molecules of gas in the atmosphere is strong enough to hold the atmosphere close to our surface. Smaller planets, that have less mass, may not be able to hold an atmosphere.at force isn't very strong, since people aren't very massive.
Obviously, gravity is very important on Earth. The Sun's gravitational pull keeps our planet orbiting the Sun. The motion of the Moon is affected by the gravity of the Sun AND the Earth. The Moon's gravity pulls on the Earth and makes the tides rise and fall every day. As the Moon passes over the ocean, there is a swell in the sea level. As the Earth rotates, the Moon passes over new parts of the Earth, causing the swell to move also. The tides are independent of the phase of the moon. The moon has the same amount of pull whether there is a full or new moon. It would still be in the same basic place.
you react 100 g of methane with an excess of o2 in a combustion reaction. how many water is made from this reaction?
Answers
Answer:
7.52x10^24 molecules of H2O.
Explanation:
1) We need to start with a balanced equation for this reaction, combustion of methane:
CH4 + 2O2 →CO2 + 2H2O
This tells us that 1 mole of methane will produce 2 moles of water. (2 moles H2O)/(1 mole CH4)
2) Find the moles of methane in 100g of the molecule. The molar mass of methane is 16.0 g/mole.
Moles CH4 = (100g/16.0 g/mole) = 6.25 moles CH4
3) Multiply 6.25 moles CH4 by the molar ratio from (1):
(6.25 moles CH4)( (2 moles H2O)/(1 mole CH4) = 12.50 moles H2O [the moles CH4 cancel]
4) Multiply the moles H2O by Avogadro's number: 6.02x10^23 molecules/mole
(12.50 moles H2O)*(6.02x10^23 molecules/mole) = 7.52x10^24 molecules of H2O.
If nitrogen at 130 kPa is allowed to expand at constant temperature until its pressure is 145.5 kPa, how much larger will the volume become?
Answers
Answer:
0.89 times
Explanation:
Let the initial volume of the tank be V.
Finally, we shall determine how much larger the final volume of the gas will be. This is illustrated below:
Initial pressure (P₁) = 130 kPa
Initial volume (V₁) = V
Final pressure (P₂) = 145.5 kPa
Final volume (V₂) =?
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
130 × V = 145.5 × V₂
130V = 145.5 × V₂
Divide both side by 145.5
V₂ = 130V / 145.5
V₂ = 0.89V
Therefore, the final volume of gas will be 0.89 times the initial volume.
what will be the result of the reaction
(CH3COO)2+redP +Cl2
Answers
Answer:
(CH3COO)2 + redP + Cl2 → ClCH2COOH + HCl
Explanation:
This is an example of halogenation of carboxylic acids at alpha carbon atom. In this reaction, red phosphorus and chlorine are treated with carboxylic acids having alpha hydrogen atom followed by hydrolysis to form alpha chloro carboxylic acid.