how were sucrose and cellulose formed

Explanation:

direct channel allows the consumer to make purchases from the manufacturer while an indirect channel allows the consumer to buy the goods from a wholesaler or retailer. Indirect channels are typical for goods that are sold in traditional brick-and-mortar stores.

All of the following statements about the Calvin cycle are correct except (a) G3P leaves the Calvin cycle to form sugar.

The Calvin cycle, also known as the Calvin-Benson cycle, is a light-independent process that takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts of the eukaryotic cell. The Calvin cycle is the main part of the dark phase of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide, water, and ATP are used to make glucose. Carbon dioxide, RuBP, ATP, and NADPH are the reactants required for the Calvin cycle.

Glucose is ultimately used to produce cellular energy, and sugar is formed as a by-product. The Calvin cycle has three primary stages: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration. G3P, a three-carbon sugar molecule, is the direct precursor of glucose and fructose.

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) is the major end-product of the Calvin cycle and serves as the starting point for the synthesis of other organic compounds within the chloroplast or exported to the cytoplasm. The correct statements about the Calvin cycle are: It is light-independent.ATP and NADPH are produced.

Carbon dioxide reacts with RuBP to form 3-PGA, which is then converted to 3PG. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) is produced by the reaction. BPG is then converted to G3P. Therefore, option (a) is correct.

Learn more about carbon: https://brainly.com/question/2272536

#SPJ11

Answer:

24. A chemical reaction is a process in which some substances change into different substances

25. A substance capable of initiating or speeding up a chemical reaction

26. protein macromolecules

27. by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to start.

28. Enzymes allow reactions to occur at the rate necessary for life. In animals, an important function of enzymes is to help digest food.

Explanation:

i have this same assignment :)

He went 15 miles/hour in the first sequence, and then 12.5 miles/hour (25 miles/2 hours) in the second sequence. If you take into account the hour he rested between segments: 15 miles/hour, 0 miles/hour, and 12.5 miles/hour. So (15+0+12.5)/3 = 9.17 miles/hour is his average. However, if you are not taking into account the whole trip, and only the time he was biking: (15+12.5)/2 = 13.75 miles/hour

The average speed of the trip excluding rest is  13.75 miles/hour.

The mean is the average of a data set. Mean gives us the idea of that how much amount of overall data have.

For example, if you have marks in 5 subjects like 40,45,44,46,48 then the mean will be

( 40 + 45+ 44 + 46 + 48) /5 = 44.6.

In other words, the mean is the foundation of the deviation of data from all data sets.

Mean = sum of data / Number of data

In the first segment 15 miles in 1 hour so speed 15 miles/hour.

In second segment 25 miles in 2 hour so 25/2 = 12.5 miles/hour.

Average = (15 + 12.5)/2 = 13.75 miles/hour.

Hence "The average speed of the trip excluding rest is  13.75 miles/hour".

For more about the mean,

https://brainly.com/question/17060266

#SPJ2

Answer:

because existing cells divide to produce new cells

First of all, we need to do the Punnet square to determine what will be the offspring genotype:

As we can see on the Punnet square, we have 4 different possible genotypes for the offspring, and in this case in particular, each genotype corresponds to a specific phenotype too, because this characteristic is linked to a sex chromosome.

We then have half the offspring blind, but half of it are women (25% out of the total offspring) and a half are men.

Also, we have the other half of the offspring not blind, with half of it being women and the other half being men.

Answer:

A 6 to 8 hours. After you eat it takes about 6 to 8 hours for food to pass through your stomach and small intestine.

Answer:

It knows where to begin transcribing and where to stop.

Explanation:

Just took the quiz and got it right.

DNA polymerase is an enzyme involved in the replication and transcription of DNA in the cell. DNA polymerase initiates the process of transcription of the DNA into RNA molecule.

Transcription is the process of formation of mRNA from the DNA in an eukaryotic cell. This mRNA will then lead to synthesis of protein in the ribosomes present in the cytoplasm of cell.

DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for the replication of DNA, where a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied and produce two identical DNA molecules. DNA polymerase molecules are used in laboratory to copy the DNA molecules in test tubes through polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

The DNA polymerase enzyme binds to specific transcription initiation start sites on the DNA molecule known as promoter sequence, and initiates the unwinding of a short segment of the double helix to start the de novo RNA synthesis on the exposed template.

Learn more about Transcription here:

https://brainly.com/question/14136689

#SPJ5

Answer: 25%

Explanation:

There would be a 75% chance of the dogs producing a grey pup, meaning there would be a 25% chance of the dogs producing a white pup.  

Answer: the answer is simple its adding chemical fertilizers to the soil

Explanation:

Humans can alter the phosphorus  cycle in many ways, including in the cutting of tropical rain forests and through the use of agricultural fertilizers. Crops often cannot absorb all of the fertilizer in the soils, causing excess fertilizer runoff and increasing phosphate levels in rivers and other bodies of water.

Energy requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from simpler precursors are: anabolic. The correct option is (B).

Anabolic pathways are those metabolic pathways in which simple molecules are combined to form more complex molecules. These pathways require energy, usually in the form of ATP, to drive the chemical reactions that synthesize complex molecules from simpler precursors.

Anabolic pathways play an important role in building the macromolecules needed for cellular structures and functions, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and complex carbohydrates. These pathways are also involved in the storage of energy in the form of glycogen, lipids, and other complex molecules.

Examples of anabolic pathways include protein synthesis, DNA replication, and glycogen synthesis. These pathways are often linked to catabolic pathways, which break down complex molecules into simpler ones and release energy.

Together, anabolic and catabolic pathways maintain the balance of chemical reactions in the cell, allowing it to grow, divide, and carry out its functions.

To know more about "Anabolic" refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/14932822#

#SPJ11

Answer:

the drug was pulled from the market because of the evidence that it was a(n) teratogen

Explanation:

Teratogens are drug or other agents that cause physical or functional bnormalities in fetuses that are exposed to such agents. A typical example is alcohol. The degree of the abnormality on the fetus depends on a number of factors which are:

The cetacean adaptations that are listed in the question are: streamlined body shape, modified respiratory system to collect and retain large amounts of oxygen, and mammary glands. The term that is listed as an exception is "ectothermy." Therefore, the answer is: ectothermy is not a cetacean adaptation.

All of the following are cetacean adaptations EXCEPT: a. ectothermy. Cetaceans, which include whales, dolphins, and porpoises, are endothermic (warm-blooded) mammals. They have adaptations such as a streamlined body shape, modified respiratory system to collect and retain large amounts of oxygen, and mammary glands for nursing their young.

The question lists the following characteristics of cetaceans as adaptations: a streamlined body shape, a modified respiratory system to take in and hold vast amounts of oxygen, and mammary glands. Ectothermy is the word that is designated as an exception. Ectothermy is not a cetacean adaption, hence the answer is no.

To know more about cetacean click here:

https://brainly.com/question/31559771

#SPJ11

Answer:

Initially, national security was defined as the government's ability to protect its citizens from military attacks. Today, this definition also includes other non-military areas such as defense against crime and terrorism, economic security, environmental security, food security, energy security and cyber security.

For the majority of vertebrates, the vertebral column is replaced by the vertebral column during embryonic development.

Organisms with an internal backbone, sometimes known as a vertebra, are referred to as vertebrates. They have a robust bone skeleton that anchors muscle and supports the body's tissue. Invertebrates are defined as animals without spines.

Mammals typically have hair or fur on their body and warm blood. Mammals give birth to live young, which their mothers nourish with milk. Humans are mammals, but lions, cats, and sheep are other examples of mammals. Birds have beaks, feathers, wings, and two legs. They also have warm-blooded bodies. On land, they lay their eggs.

In water, fish both mate and lay their eggs. They lack lungs and have gills in place of legs. Reptiles are land- and water-based animals. They are cold-blooded and have scales. This indicates that they require a warm environment because they are unable to stay warm on their own.

Therefore, For the majority of vertebrates, the vertebral column is replaced by the vertebral column during embryonic development.

To learn more about vertebrates, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/988000

#SPJ1

In determining probabilities all you need to do is count and then divide by the number of results.

A Punnett Square is a useful tool for forecasting the changes and probabilities that can result from cross-breeding. This includes foreseeing the mating of different species, including humans and animals.

It is asking the chances of having green seeds and that's the recessive allele. For recessive traits to be expressed, there can't be a dominant trait next to it because the dominant trait will always be expressed. So the expected result should be yy (two lowercase) if you want the recessive trait to be expressed.

In the Punnett square of the second generation, there is 1 out of 4 yy genotype. So then divide 1 by 4 and multiply it by 100% to get the probability in percent.  So in short, the answer is 25%.

For more information regarding punnett square, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/9582290

#SPJ1

Answer:Option A.

Explanation:

Answer:

An electron will only react with a proton in the nucleus via electron capture if there are too many protons in the nucleus. ... But most atoms do not have too many protons, so there is nothing for the electron to interact with. As a result, each electron in a stable atom remains in its spread-out wavefunction shape.

The layers of cells in a leaf should be in this order from top to bottom.

cuticle - epidermis - palisade mesophyll - spongy mesophyll- epidermis - cuticle

The cuticle is widely known for its roles as a diffusion barrier limiting water and solute transport across the apoplast and for protecting the plant from mechanical and chemical damage, pest and disease attack, as well as these other threats.

The protective tissue known as the epidermis covers the entire plant's surface and shields the beneath tissues from harm.

learn more about layers of cells in leaf here https://brainly.com/question/13929978

#SPJ2

Reinforcement can be excluded amongst the given forms of speciation as it will not allow any gene flow to occur.

In allopatric speciation, the species belonging to the different populations are separated through a geographic barrier. Geographic barrier can basically denotes any barriers provided by the environment like the river, lake etc. Whereas, sympatric speciation involves no physical barriers and the individuals are in close proximity with each other.

Both allopatric and sympatric speciation allow gene flow to occur. Reinforcement causes complete reproductive isolation and hence does not allow any gene flow to occur. No gene flow among the diverging types will be observed during reinforcement.

To know more about gene flow here

https://brainly.com/question/29992261

#SPJ4

Answer:

Cars,Plans,Doors,Ships,Trains,Rocking chair,

Hope this helps! :)

Answer:

Explanation:

I can provide a general explanation of an experimental approach to testing the frog sciatic nerve.

In such experiments, the sciatic nerve of a frog is removed and placed in a nerve chamber. The nerve chamber is filled with an artificial cerebrospinal fluid that provides a physiological environment for the nerve.

One of the parameters that can be changed to test the nerve is the frequency and intensity of electrical stimulation applied to the nerve. By varying the frequency and intensity of electrical stimulation, researchers can observe how the nerve responds and how its properties change.

In terms of results, different observations can be made depending on the specific experiment. However, changes in the amplitude and frequency of the nerve impulses, as well as changes in the refractory period, are common observations.

The summation can also be observed in these experiments. There are two types of summation: temporal summation and spatial summation. Temporal summation occurs when a second stimulus is applied to the nerve before the nerve has fully recovered from the first stimulus. Spatial summation occurs when two or more stimuli are applied to different regions of the nerve simultaneously, and their effects combine to generate a larger response.

The physiological mechanisms underlying these changes in nerve behaviour are complex and can involve changes in the ion concentrations inside and outside the nerve cells, alterations in the permeability of the cell membrane, and changes in the release of neurotransmitters.

PLS MARK ME BRAINLIEST

Our experimental approach involved using a frog sciatic nerve and placing it in a nerve chamber filled with saline solution.

We then stimulated the nerve with electrical pulses of varying frequencies and intensities using a stimulator. By changing the frequency and intensity of the electrical pulses, we were able to study the effects on the nerve's response and its properties.

During the experiment, we observed that increasing the frequency of the electrical pulses resulted in a decrease in the amplitude of the nerve's response. This is due to the physiological mechanism of refractory period, where the nerve needs time to recover between stimuli.

Additionally, we observed that increasing the intensity of the electrical pulses resulted in an increase in the amplitude of the nerve's response, up to a certain point where further increases did not produce any additional response.

This is due to the physiological mechanism of threshold, where a certain level of stimulus is required to produce a response.

We did observe summation during the experiment, specifically temporal summation, where the nerve was stimulated with a high frequency of electrical pulses.

This resulted in the nerve's response being greater than the response to a single pulse, due to the cumulative effect of multiple stimuli. We did not observe spatial summation, as we did not stimulate the nerve with multiple electrodes.

To know more about sciatic nerve click on below link:

https://brainly.com/question/7019014#

#SPJ11

An off-center neuron's firing rate will decrease when a light is turned on, increase when the light is turned off, and then decrease again when the light is turned on again. This is due to the activation and inhibition of the center and surrounding off-center regions of the neuron's receptive field.

A neuron is an electrically excitable cell that transmits information in the form of electrochemical signals. A neuron's firing rate is determined by its membrane potential, which is determined by the balance of ions inside and outside the cell. When a light is turned on, turned off, and then turned on again, an off-center neuron's firing rate will change as follows:When the light is turned on, the firing rate of the off-center neuron will decrease. This is because the light activates the center part of the neuron's receptive field, which inhibits the firing of the surrounding off-center region.When the light is turned off, the firing rate of the off-center neuron will increase. This is because the center part of the neuron's receptive field is no longer being activated, which removes the inhibition on the surrounding off-center region.When the light is turned on again, the firing rate of the off-center neuron will decrease again. This is because the center part of the neuron's receptive field is once again being activated, which inhibits the firing of the surrounding off-center region.

To know more about inhibition, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/30415444

#SPJ11

On average, women tend to carry extra weight around their bellies. Thus, option "B" is correct.

An excess in fat will cause it deposited in various parts of the body. One of the locations is the visceral part of the digestive system in the belly. This will cause the belly to look bloated and called "beer belly" or "central obesity". The fat is also located in the subcutaneous part of the skin.

Thus, option "B" is correct.

To learn more about belly fat click here:

https://brainly.com/question/17889752

#SPJ1

Balanced biochemical equations for the reactions in the catabolism of glucose to two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (preparatory phase of glycolysis):

1. Glucose + ATP → Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP

2. Glucose 6-phosphate → Fructose 6-phosphate

3. Fructose 6-phosphate + ATP → Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP

4. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate → Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

5. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate → Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

In the first step, glucose combines with ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to form glucose 6-phosphate and ADP (adenosine diphosphate). In the second step, glucose 6-phosphate is converted into fructose 6-phosphate. The third step involves the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by utilizing ATP and producing ADP.

The fourth step breaks down fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Finally, dihydroxyacetone phosphate is isomerized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate in the last step.

Learn more about biochemical here: brainly.com/question/31032817

#SPJ11

Answer:

which is an example of interependence between species

Explanation:

1. A distribution graph of the spine-number trait for the cactus population would likely be a unimodal, skewed distribution. 2. The selection of the graph is important because it allows us to visualize the range of spine numbers.

1. A distribution graph of the spine-number trait for the cactus population would likely be a unimodal, skewed distribution with a peak around a specific spine number. This is because natural selection tends to favor individuals with traits that are well-suited for their environment. In the case of cacti, the spine number trait may be influenced by factors such as the availability of water and nutrients, as well as predation pressure from herbivores.

2. The selection of the graph is important because it allows us to visualize the range of spine numbers present in the cactus population, as well as the frequency of each number. This can help us understand the distribution of the trait and identify any patterns or trends.

Changes in the cacti's environment can result in changes in the spine number trait through natural selection. For example, if the environment becomes drier and water is scarce, cacti with fewer and shorter spines may be better adapted to survive, as they lose less water through transpiration. Over time, this may lead to a shift in the distribution of spine numbers towards lower values. Similarly, if herbivore pressure increases, cacti with more and longer spines may be favored, leading to an increase in the average spine number.

Learn more about unimodal, skewed distribution here:

https://brainly.com/question/30125628

#SPJ11

The budgeted production for the first quarter is **B. units**. Bulldog, Inc. needs to consider the desired ending inventory and the beginning inventory to determine the required production.

To calculate the budgeted production for the first quarter, we can use the following formula: **Budgeted Production = Budgeted Sales + Desired Ending Inventory - Beginning Inventory**. In this case, we do not have specific numerical values for the terms, but the process remains the same. You would simply plug in the given values for budgeted sales, desired ending inventory, and beginning inventory, and perform the calculation to find the budgeted production. This will help Bulldog, Inc. plan their production schedule and manage their inventory efficiently.

Know more about budgeted sales  here:

https://brainly.com/question/14346747

#SPJ11