If 30cm³ of 0.45 mol dm3 HCl reacted with NaOH, how many moles of HCl reacted?​

The volume, in liters, is occupied by  \(1.5 x 10²³\) atoms of argon gas at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure) occupying a volume of 22.4 liters.



1. To determine the volume occupied by the atoms of argon gas, we can use Avogadro's law, which states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of molecules or atoms.
2. According to Avogadro's law, at STP, 1 mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters.
3. 1 mole of any substance contains \(1.5 x 10²³\) particles (Avogadro's number).
4. In this case, we have \(1.5 x 10²³\) atoms of argon gas.
5. By dividing the number of atoms by Avogadro's number, we can determine the number of moles of argon gas: \(1.5 x 10²³ atoms / 6.022 x 10²³ atoms/mole = 0.249 moles\).
6. Finally, we can multiply the number of moles by the volume occupied by 1 mole of gas at STP: 0.249 moles x 22.4 liters/mole = 5.576 liters (rounded to 3 significant figures).

In conclusion, \(1.5 x 10²³\) atoms of argon gas at STP occupy a volume of approximately 5.576 liters.

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The factors that most directly affect whether a chemical reaction occurs spontaneously are:

1. Temperature: Increasing the temperature generally speeds up chemical reactions. This is because higher temperatures provide more energy to the reactant molecules, increasing their kinetic energy and the likelihood of successful collisions. For example, when heating hydrogen and oxygen gases, they react more rapidly to form water at higher temperatures.

2. Concentration or Pressure: Higher concentrations or pressures of reactant molecules increase the frequency of collisions between them. This leads to a higher chance of successful collisions and thus increases the reaction rate. For instance, increasing the concentration of hydrogen gas in a reaction with nitrogen gas will lead to a faster reaction and the formation of ammonia.

3. Catalysts: Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. They work by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. This allows more reactant molecules to have enough energy to overcome the activation barrier and proceed to the products. For example, enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in our bodies.

4. Nature of Reactants: The chemical composition and properties of the reactants can also affect whether a chemical reaction occurs spontaneously. Some reactions are more likely to occur because of the inherent instability or reactivity of the reactant molecules. For instance, the reaction between sodium and water is highly exothermic and occurs spontaneously due to the high reactivity of sodium metal.

It's important to note that while these factors influence the rate of a reaction, they don't guarantee that a reaction will occur. The concept of spontaneity in chemical reactions is related to thermodynamics, specifically the change in free energy (∆G) during a reaction. A reaction is spontaneous if ∆G is negative, indicating that the reaction will proceed without any external influence.

Overall, these factors collectively determine whether a chemical reaction occurs spontaneously or not, by affecting the collision frequency, energy, and stability of the reactant molecules.

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The factors that most directly affect whether a chemical reaction occurs spontaneously are Temperature, Concentration, Pressure, and Catalysts.

The spontaneity of a reaction is primarily determined by the change in Gibbs free energy (∆G) associated with the reaction. If ∆G is negative, the reaction is spontaneous, while a positive ∆G indicates a non-spontaneous reaction.

The factors that most directly affect whether a chemical reaction occurs spontaneously are the following:

1. Temperature: Increasing the temperature usually increases the rate of a chemical reaction. This is because at higher temperatures, the reactant particles have more kinetic energy, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions. As a result, the reactant molecules are more likely to overcome the activation energy barrier and react.

2. Concentration: Higher concentrations of reactants typically increase the rate of a chemical reaction. This is because when the concentration of reactant particles is higher, there are more collisions between them, leading to a higher probability of successful collisions and therefore an increased reaction rate.

3. Pressure (for gases): For reactions involving gases, increasing the pressure can also increase the reaction rate. This is because higher pressure leads to a higher concentration of gas particles, which in turn increases the frequency of collisions between them.

4. Catalysts: Catalysts are substances that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. They achieve this by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy. By lowering the activation energy, catalysts make it easier for reactant particles to overcome the energy barrier and react, thereby speeding up the reaction.

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Answer:0

Explanation: zero because it is the most stable form of oxygen in its standard state

Answer:

The formula for the anhydrous compound that was part of the mixture called natron that was used by the Egyptians is Na2(CO3)10(H2O).

They use this compound for medicine, cookery, agriculture, in glass-making and to dehydrate egyptian mummies.

Compound of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate was the name of the resulting hydrate that formed.

Answer: Molecules contain two or more atoms and are held together by covalent bonds, whereas compounds are held together by ionic bonds. Two or more elements bonded together through ionic attraction. Compounds contain two or more atoms and are held together by ionic bonds, whereas molecules are held together by covalent bonds.

Explanation:

Answer:

Natures such as plants captures the suns energy and make their food through photosynthesis while Organisms get it energy by eating food

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is the act of transforming sunlight into energy. This is what plants (or natures) do to make their food.

In comparison, animals (or organisms) have to eat their food either by eating the plants (herbivores) or through other animals (carnivores)

This creates a food chain that energy travels down.

I hope this is what you were looking for, the grammar is a little confusing.

Since the volume decreased, it means that the pressure is going to rise. Thus, the equilibrium of the reaction will shift in the direction that has the least amount of moles.

The statement, that describes the equilibrium "will change in the direction with the minimum moles."

A condition of equilibrium has become one of balance. Chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations that have no further tendency to change with time, resulting in no observable change in the system's properties.

When volume decreases, the equilibrium shifts to favor the direction that produces fewer moles of gas. When the volume is raised, the equilibrium shifts in favor of the direction that produces the most moles of gas. Because the container's volume will be lowered from 5.0 L to 3.0 L, the pressure will rise. As a result, the equilibrium of the reaction will shift in the direction with the fewest moles. When the volume is reduced, the pressure rises. This demonstrates that a gas's pressure is inversely proportional to its volume.

Hence the correct answer is equilibrium will change in the direction with the minimum moles.

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Crystallization is a process of separation of the solid substances in an object located in the solution as crystal particles.

The chemical process of Crystallization refers to a procedure in which we apply different methods in a solution in order to separate crystals, which are solids compounds that may be considered solutes in such media.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the chemical process of crystallization separates the solutes in a given solution as solid crystal particles that can be used in other applications.

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Answer:

D, adding a second plant to the test tube

The velocity of the whale is equal to 1.53 m/s.

Velocity can be defined as a vector measurement of the direction and position of an object. The velocity can be defined as the rate of change in the position w.r.t. time.

Velocity is a vector parameter as it possesses both magnitude and direction. A mathematical formula to determine velocity:

v = d / t

Where v is the velocity, d is the distance, and t is the time of an object.

The S.I. unit for velocity is meters per second (m/s) and can also express in miles/hour (mph), and kilometers/hour (kph).

Given the distance swum by the whale, d= 230 m

The time is taken by the whale, t = 2.5 min = 150 sec

The velocity of the whale = d/t = 230/150 = 1.53 m/s

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Answer:

1.51 x 10^23 atoms of Ar

Explanation:

Start out with what you're given.

10.0 g of Ar/1 * 1 mol/39.948 g Ar * 6.022*10^23 atoms/1 mol

(It's easier if you write it out.)

You always want to start out w/ what you're given and continue your unit conversions from there. Since you started out with grams of Argon, you want grams of Argon on the bottom to cancel it out. Once you found the unit conversion: 1 mol/39.948 g Ar (molar mass of Ar), now it's time to convert to atoms. Since 1 mol is up on top, put 1 mol on the bottom. Considering you're looking for atoms, use Avagradro's number: 6.022*10^23.

Once simplified, you should get 1.51 x 10^23 atoms of Ar.

***I hope this helps! I also suggest using a mole map, if you're interested.***

The energy that is stored in the spring is 2.94 J.

We have to note that the elastic potential energy of the spring is the energy that has been stored in the spring and it is released to be able to do work once we pull the spring.

In this case we already know that;

W = 1/2Ke^2

W = work done

K = force constant

e = extension

Thus;

W = 0.5 * 3 * 1.4^2

W = 2.94 J

We can see that the stored energy for the spring in question is 2.94 J of energy stored.

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Answer:

First one

Explanation:

Because water molecules at the surface of the water puddle attract more to one other than they do to the air molecules above them

Answer:

Question 2:

Cohesion and adhesion

Water has forces of attraction between different molecules, so its molecules are locomotive.

Question 3:

Surface tension

It experiences a perpendicular force which keeps the area of the pepper on surface

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The radius of the football would be 748299320 times bigger than that of one atom of fluorine.

The atomic radius of a fluorine atom is 147 picometers or 147 x \(10^{-12}\) m.

The radius ratio of a football with 11 cm radius and that of one atom of fluorine can be calculated as:

                           11 x \(10^{-2}\)/147 x \(10^{-12}\)

                                    = 748299320

Thus, the radius of the football would be 748299320 times bigger than that of one atom of fluorine.

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A chemical alteration has occurred. A new material, cottage cheese, with distinct qualities from the original milk and vinegar is produced when the acid in the vinegar and the proteins in the milk react.

The change described is a chemical change. When vinegar, which is an acid, is combined with milk, a reaction occurs between the acid and the proteins in the milk. This reaction causes the milk to sour and thickens, resulting in the formation of cottage cheese. This change cannot be easily reversed, and the resulting cottage cheese is a new substance with different properties than the original milk and vinegar. This is a chemical change because the molecules in the milk and vinegar are rearranged to form a new substance, which has different chemical and physical properties than the original substances. This process is different from a physical change, such as melting ice, which does not result in the formation of a new substance.

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Answer:

3.6  moles

Explanation: i got that quistion right .

Buckminsterfullerene is a term that refers to a specific molecule, also known as C60, which is a type of fullerene.

The term "buckminsterfullerene" is derived from the name of the American architect and engineer, R. Buckminster Fuller, who was known for his work in designing geodesic domes.

The molecule C60 is named buckminsterfullerene because of its structural resemblance to Fuller's geodesic dome designs. Buckminsterfullerene is composed entirely of carbon atoms arranged in a unique hollow spherical structure, consisting of 60 carbon atoms arranged in pentagons and hexagons, resembling a soccer ball or a geodesic dome.

Each carbon atom is bonded to three neighboring carbon atoms, forming a stable and symmetrical structure.

The discovery of buckminsterfullerene in 1985 by scientists Richard Smalley, Robert Curl, and Harold Kroto was significant as it was the first example of a new class of carbon molecules called fullerenes. Buckminsterfullerene revolutionized the field of chemistry and nanotechnology due to its unique structure and properties.

Buckminsterfullerene and other fullerene derivatives have shown remarkable physical and chemical properties, such as high stability, electrical conductivity, and the ability to act as powerful antioxidants. These properties have led to numerous applications in various fields, including materials science, electronics, medicine, and energy storage.

Overall, the term "buckminsterfullerene" refers to a specific carbon molecule with a unique structure resembling the geodesic domes designed by R. Buckminster Fuller, and its discovery has had significant implications in the field of nanotechnology and materials science.

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∂c/∂t represents the rate of change of concentration with respect to time, D is the diffusion coefficient, and ∇·(D∇c) represents the divergence of the diffusion flux.

(a) The total amount of pollutant in the region R can be found by integrating the concentration c(x,y,z,t) over the volume V of the region R. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:

Total amount of pollutant = ∫∫∫V c(x,y,z,t) dV

(b) It is reasonable to assume that the flow J of the pollutant is proportional to the gradient of the concentration, as this relationship is based on Fick's law of diffusion. According to Fick's law, the flow of a substance is proportional to the concentration gradient. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:

J = -D ∇c

Where J is the flow of the pollutant, D is the diffusion coefficient, and ∇c is the gradient of the concentration.

(c) To derive the partial differential equation governing the diffusion of the pollutant, we can apply the continuity equation, which states that the rate of change of the concentration in a given volume is equal to the divergence of the flow. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:

∂c/∂t = -∇·J

Using the relationship from part (b), we can substitute it into the continuity equation:

∂c/∂t = ∇·(D∇c)

This is the partial differential equation governing the diffusion of the pollutant, where ∂c/∂t represents the rate of change of concentration with respect to time, D is the diffusion coefficient, and ∇·(D∇c) represents the divergence of the diffusion flux.

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If a sample contains only carbohydrates, the biuret's reagent test would not show any significant color change. The biuret's reagent is primarily used to test for proteins and peptides, not carbohydrates.

The biuret's reagent test is commonly used to detect the presence of proteins or peptides in a sample. It relies on the formation of a complex between copper ions (Cu2+) in the reagent and the peptide bonds in proteins. This complex results in a color change from blue to violet or pink, indicating the presence of proteins.

Carbohydrates, on the other hand, do not contain peptide bonds. Instead, they are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in specific ratios. As a result, carbohydrates do not form the same complex with copper ions as proteins do, and therefore, the biuret's reagent test would not show a significant color change in the presence of carbohydrates alone.

To test for carbohydrates, other specific tests are used, such as the Benedict's test or the iodine test. The Benedict's test detects reducing sugars, such as glucose and fructose, by forming a colored precipitate when heated in the presence of Benedict's reagent. The iodine test, on the other hand, reacts with starch to produce a blue-black color.

In conclusion, if a sample contains only carbohydrates and no proteins, the biuret's reagent test would not show any significant color change, as it is primarily designed to detect proteins and peptides. Other specific tests should be used to identify the presence of carbohydrates in the sample.

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Answer:

Explanation:

you will have to grabe  a towle or a meten and take it off

People leaving a classroom and going to different classrooms: This is a process of diffusion, where particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The sign for this process is negative because it results in a decrease in the concentration of particles in the initial area.

Stacking sheets of paper: This is a process of increasing order or organization, and it does not involve any significant change in energy. Therefore, the sign for this process is neither positive nor negative.

Dissolving salt in water: This is a process of dissolution, where salt crystals break down into individual ions and become surrounded by water molecules. This process involves the transfer of energy between the system and the surroundings. The sign for this process is negative because it releases energy to the surroundings.

Burning sugar: This is a process of combustion, where the sugar molecules react with oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide and water, releasing a large amount of energy. The sign for this process is highly positive because it involves a significant increase in energy as the bonds in the sugar molecules are broken and new bonds are formed.

Moving a pencil from one side of a desk to another: This is a process of physical movement that does not involve any significant change in energy. Therefore, the sign for this process is neither positive nor negative.

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Answer:

1. V = 1.47L

Explanation:

1) Using PV = nRT

Where;

P = pressure (atm)

V = volume (L)

R = gas constant (0.0821 Latmk mol)

n = number of moles

T = temperature (K)

To get number of moles, we say mole = mass/molar mass

Molar Mass of C2H2 = 12(2) + 1(2)

= 24 + 2 = 26g/mol

mole = 3.86/26

mole = 0.148mol

T (K) = 28.5°C + 273.15

T(K) = 301.65K

PV = nRT

2.5 × V = 0.148 × 0.0821 × 301.65

2.5V = 3.665

V = 3.665/2.5

V = 1.466

V = 1.47L

R =

PV = nRT

P1 V1\ n1 T1 =P2 V2/ n2 T2

1. What volume, will be occupied by 3.86 g of C2H2 gas (acetylene) at 2.50 atm and a temperature

of 28.5 °C?

2. A gas at 650.0 torr and 75 °C is cooled to 25 °C. What is the pressure of the gas after it has

cooled?

HF Lewis structure is a polar due to the difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and fluorine atoms. This is due to permanent dipole moment, meaning that there is an uneven distribution of electrons within the molecule.

The HF (hydrogen fluoride) molecule has a polar covalent bond, which means that it has an uneven distribution of electrons between the two atoms.

In a polar covalent bond, one atom has a higher electronegativity than the other and therefore attracts the shared electrons more strongly, resulting in a partial negative charge on that atom and a partial positive charge on the other atom.

In the case of HF, fluorine has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen, which means that the electrons in the covalent bond are more strongly attracted to the fluorine atom. This results in a partial negative charge on the fluorine atom and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atom.

Because the HF molecule has a polar covalent bond and the molecule has a bent shape due to the lone pair of electrons on fluorine, the molecule as a whole is also polar.

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Answer:

(A) The shorter the wavelength, the more total energy the wave contains.

(B) The longer the wavelength, the less total energy the wave contains.

Explanation:

The wavelength (λ), frequency (f) and energy (E) are interrelated. This relationship between them is represented in the following equations:

λ = v/f and E = hf

Where;

λ = wavelength (m)

f = frequency (Hz)

E = energy (Joules)

v and h represents speed of light and Planck's constants respectively.

Combining both equations, E = hc/λ

This equation shows that ENERGY (E) is directly proportional to the frequency (f) but inversely proportional to the wavelength (λ). This means that "the shorter the wavelength, the more total energy a wave contains" and vice versa.

However, the higher the frequency, the more the total energy the wave contains and vice versa.

Answer:

\(3.5\) pill need to taken for completing dosage of \(875\) mg

Explanation:

Total dosage of medicine to be taken in a day

\(= 2 * 875 \\= 1750\)mg

Total weight of one pill \(= 250\) mg

Number of pills required is equal to total dosage of medicine divided by the weight of one pill.

Hence,

Number of pills

\(= \frac{875}{250} \\= \frac{175}{50} \\= \frac{35}{10} \\= 3.5\)

Answer:

They may have different phenotypes because of differences in their environments, such as nutrition and healthcare. Why might genetically identical twins have different phenotypes?  Any genes on the same chromosome could be linked genes, whereas only genes on sex chromosomes can be sex-linked genes.

Explanation:

Due to the effects of the environment, genetically identical twins might have different phenotype.

The qualities or visible characteristics of an organism are its phenotype. It depends on how the environment and the genotype, or genetic code, of the organism interact.

Although human monozygotic twins as well as other genetically identical species may share startling physical similarities, they frequently differ in key characteristics, such as complicated diseases. The effects of the environment have generally been blamed for this variance across organisms with essentially identical chromosomal DNA sequences.

Therefore, due to the effects of the environment, genetically identical twins might have different phenotype.

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Answer:

The activation energy increases how quickly the reaction will  progress.

Explanation:

The activation energy of a chemical reaction is intimately linked to its rate. Particularly, the greater the activation energy, the slower the chemical reaction will be. The reason is: molecules can only finish the reaction as soon as they have reached the peak of the activation energy barrier. Many reactions possess such huge activation energies that they practically don't advance at all without an input of energy.

The activation energy of a particular reaction determines the rate at which it will proceed. The higher the activation energy, the slower the chemical reaction will be.

The ratio of the rate constant for the catalyzed reaction to that for the uncatalyzed reaction can be determined based on the activation energies of the reactions.

The ratio of the rate constant for the catalyzed reaction (k_cat) to that for the uncatalyzed reaction (k_uncat) can be calculated using the Arrhenius equation:

\(\[ \frac{k_{cat}}{k_{uncat}} = \frac{e^{-\frac{E_{a,cat}}{RT}}}{e^{-\frac{E_{a,uncat}}{RT}}} \]\)

Where Ea,cat is the activation energy for the catalyzed reaction, Ea,uncat is the activation energy for the uncatalyzed reaction, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

Assuming that the frequency factor (A) is the same for both reactions, it cancels out when calculating the ratio. Therefore, the ratio of the rate constants is solely dependent on the activation energies.

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The term mole concept is used here to determine the moles of ammonia. The number of moles of ammonia which can be make from 6.20 moles of N₂ is 12.4.

One mole of a substance is defined as that quantity of it which contains as many entities as there are atoms exactly in 12 g of carbon - 12. The formula used to calculate the number of moles is:

Number of moles = Given mass / Molar mass

You need one nitrogen atom to produce ammonia. Here we can see that there are two nitrogen atoms in N₂.

One mole of any substance contains Avogadro number of molecules. A mole is defined as the mass of the substance which consists of the equal quantity of basic units.

The number of moles of ammonia from 6.20 moles of N₂ is:

6.20 × 2 = 12.4

Thus the number of moles is 12.4.

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