In the early 1980s the United States endured one of the worst economic downturns the nation faced since the great depression. Economists often focus on two main causes of the recessions, (1) the oil crisis of 1979 which dramatically increased energy prices and (2) the macroeconomic policy decisions made throughout the 1960s and 70s. During this time period many economists believed that there was a trade-off between inflation and unemployment, as depicted by the Phillips curve. While the data and policy outcomes initially appeared to support this idea, by the late 1970s when the economy experienced higher inflation and higher unemployment simultaneously, it was clear that this tradeoff ceased to exist in the long run. Paul Volcker became Chairman of the Federal Reserve in August 1979. In contrast with previous Fed policies that vacillated between focusing on inflation and unemployment, his main priority was to get inflation under control. To achieve the desired disinflation, Volcker implemented contractionary monetary policies that led to a sharp increase in interest rates. As a result, inflation decreased dramatically, from about 13% in 1980 to less than 3% in 1983. However, these contractionary policies came at a sharp short-run cost as the unemployment rate surged from 7% to about 10% over the same period. Volcker argued that once the public believed that the Fed was no longer going to tolerate inflation that inflationary expectations would quickly decrease, allowing the economy to swiftly recover and unemployment to fall. The data seem to support Volcker's policies, as the early 1980s experienced a painful recession but then a quick recovery followed, and in the decades since inflation hasn't come close to returning to 1970s levels and unemployment has mostly remained low. 10. How did Paul Volcker's monetary policy affect inflationary expectations? Explain how this eventually helped the economy. 11. Use data above to draw the Phillips curve in 1980 with the economy facing stagflation. Label this point "A". 12. Show the short-run results of Chairman Volcker's leadership on the Phillips curve. Label this point of short-run equilibrium point "B", and indicate new inflation and unemployment rates using data from the article. 13. Show the long-run results of the contractionary policy once inflationary expectations adjust to a new lower rate of inflation. Label this point "C"
Answers
This helped stabilize the economy in the long run as inflation dropped and the economy experienced a swift recovery. The curve should be upward sloping, indicating a positive relationship between inflation and unemployment. . Label this point as "B". This point represents a short-term increase in unemployment as a result of the contractionary policy. his represents the economy's adjustment to the new, lower inflation rate and the subsequent decrease in unemployment as the economy Trecovers.
10. Paul Volcker's monetary policy, which involved implementing contractionary measures and increasing interest rates, aimed to curb inflation by decreasing inflationary expectations. As people believed that the Federal Reserve would no longer tolerate high inflation, their expectations adjusted accordingly. This helped stabilize the economy in the long run as inflation dropped and the economy experienced a swift recovery.
11. To draw the Phillips curve in 1980 during stagflation, plot inflation (around 13%) on the vertical axis and unemployment (around 7%) on the horizontal axis. Mark this point as "A". The curve should be upward sloping, indicating a positive relationship between inflation and unemployment.
12. To show the short-run results of Chairman Volcker's leadership on the Phillips curve, plot the new inflation rate (around 3% in 1983) on the vertical axis and the new unemployment rate (about 10%) on the horizontal axis. Label this point as "B". This point represents a short-term increase in unemployment as a result of the contractionary policy.
13. To show the long-run results of the contractionary policy, plot a new point on the Phillips curve with a lower inflation rate and a decreased unemployment rate (closer to the pre-recession level). Label this point "C". his represents the economy's adjustment to the new, lower inflation rate and the subsequent decrease in unemployment as the economy Trecovers.
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Related Questions
e of 120,000 units and budgeted production of 113,000 units, while 21,000 units are in beginning finished goods inventory. how many units are targeted for ending fini
Answers
E of 120,000 units and budgeted output of 113,000 units; commencing finished goods inventory is 21,000 units; and ending finished goods inventory is targeted at 14,000 units.
The phrase "production budget" is used explicitly in the film industry as well as more generally in business. The amount that will be spent on the complete film project will be determined by a "film production budget." For each stage of filmmaking, this entails identifying the components and then calculating their costs.
The term "production budget" in business refers to the budget set by a company for the quantity of a product that will be needed and produced; for more information, see demand forecasting, capacity planning, and Revenue management Forecasting.
Budgeted production + All beginning and finished products type of inventory - Budgeted current sales equals ending finished services inventory.
Ending finished services or goods inventory = 113,000 units + 21,000 units - 120,000 unitsa
Ending finished goods for all inventory = 14.000 units
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Correct Question:
E part have 120,000 units and budgeted production of 113,000 units, while 21,000 units are in beginning finished goods inventory. how many units are targeted for ending FINI ?
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Outline two reasons why a business such as AEC could not be
Successful without other firms providing natural resources
Answers
Answer:
Because of product's use of natural resources in its input (1) and dependence on the supply chain system of other companies.
Explanation:
The reason is that all of the companies rely on natural resources that the companies are processing and making it available for the other companies to utilize it to control its cost and complete the production of the products. The energy is a natural resource which every company utilizes and due to this its production is largely dependent on the firms that are processing natural resources to make it available for companies to utilize it.
The next most important thing is supply chain system of natural resource companies that helps the companies like AEC and even an individual to make the use of these natural resources in an efficient and effective manner. If I don't have access to fuel, then I cann't travel and traveling by using horses would be expensive and time consuming. So supply chain system of the other businesses play key role here.
plz plz help me with this idk the answer multi choice
Answers
Answer:
The fourth option is likely the answer
Negative externalities that might occur in the south african economy due to the war of ukraine and russia
Answers
South African economy may experience negative externalities due to the Ukraine-Russia war, including higher energy prices and disruptions in global trade.
What are some potential negative impacts on South Africa's economy due to the Ukraine-Russia war?Higher energy prices and disruptions in global trade resulting from the Ukraine-Russia war can have negative externalities on the South African economy. South Africa heavily relies on imported energy resources, such as oil and gas, and any escalation in the conflict could lead to increased energy prices. This would not only affect domestic consumers but also businesses, as higher energy costs can impede production and hinder economic growth.
Furthermore, the war may cause disruptions in global trade, as trade routes and supply chains could be affected. South Africa relies on international trade for both imports and exports, and any disturbances in trade flows can have detrimental effects on the economy. Reduced access to important imports or the inability to export goods can lead to economic instability, job losses, and decreased foreign exchange reserves.
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Management, can anyone help me?
Answers
I think it is C I looked up some stuff and they all add up to C
Under the SEC rules, a one-year "cooling off" period applies to which scenario?
A.) A tax manager working on a client's tax engagement is offered a managerial position at the client.
B.) A technology consulting senior manager in the firm is seeking an executive role with the client.
C.) A client wants to hire its firm's lead audit partner to take over as CFO.
D.) A professional staff person on an audit applies for a position as senior accountant at the client.
Answers
Under the SEC rules, a one-year "cooling off" period applies to scenario C.) A client wants to hire its firm's lead audit partner to take over as CFO. This cooling off period is required to maintain independence and prevent conflicts of interest between the auditor and the client company.
What guidelines does the SEC have?
Anyone attempting to acquire more than 5% of a company's securities by direct purchase or tender offer is required by the Securities Exchange Act to disclose pertinent information. Such a proposal is frequently made in an effort to take over the business.
What is the purpose of a securities exchange?
An exchange where stockbrokers and traders can purchase and sell assets, such as shares of stock, bonds, and other financial instruments, is known as a stock exchange, securities exchange, or bourse.
What does "finance" mean exactly?
Generally speaking, the term "finance" relates to concerns such as the creation, administration, and study of money and assets. Using projected income flows to finance current initiatives entails the use of credit, debt, securities, and investment.
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Which of the following is not a business product category in the business-to-business
Answers
Answer:
I think it is Specialty Products.
Explanation:
Sorry if I'm wrong
fill in the blank. a market dominated by a small number of powerful sellers is known as a(n) _____. a. blue ocean b. oligopoly c. greenfield d. pure play e. short tail
Answers
The answer to your question is oligopoly then correct answer is option (b).
An oligopoly is a market structure where a small number of large firms dominate the market. These firms have the power to influence prices and control the market, making it difficult for new firms to enter and compete. Oligopolies often arise in industries where economies of scale are significant, such as in the automobile, telecommunications, and airline industries.
In an oligopoly, the few dominant firms are able to collaborate and form agreements on pricing and output levels, resulting in a lack of competition and potential for higher prices for consumers. This can be detrimental to market efficiency and can also lead to reduced innovation and product differentiation. Despite its drawbacks, oligopolies do have some advantages such as stability in the market, increased bargaining power for both buyers and sellers, and the potential for increased profits for firms.
Overall, it is important for regulatory bodies to monitor and regulate oligopolistic markets to ensure that they are operating in the best interests of consumers and the economy as a whole.
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Media sources are most relevant to a presentation if they
provide excitement.
repeat a previous point.
support the content.
use biased viewpoints.
Answers
Answer: support the content
Explanation:
Media sources are most relevant to a presentation if they support the content. We should note that when an individual wants to make a presentation, such person looks out and collates every information, articles or journals that can support his or her topic.
Therefore, in a situation whereby the media houses are in support of the content, then they're relevant.
Answer:
its c
Explanation:
i just did it and got it right
Estelle is a recent accounting graduate, and while she likes the idea raised by her fellow graduate Fernando to set up business in a partnership together, she has always wanted to go into business for herself. Before Estelle makes a decision, her instructor tells her it would be a good idea to consider the effect of different tax structures on each type of business, just in case she favors one situation more than the other. Compare and contrast how partnerships and sole proprietorships differ in terms of their tax requirements.
Sanjay was recently alerted to the fact that his business will be audited by the IRS. What are some possible causes for Sanjay’s business being selected for audit? What will this audit likely entail? How can Sanjay prepare?
After getting his first paycheck, Marlon is incredulous at the amount of money that goes to FICA. “Who in the world is FICA?” he asks his mother. How does she reply?
Eloise has exactly $300 to spend on an airline ticket. Assuming that she will need to pay the passenger ticket tax, the passenger facility charge, and the Sept. 11th fee, what is the maximum base ticket price Eloise can still afford to pay, knowing that she has all these additional fees and taxes to pay? Explain.
Sloan has always been pretty lax about preparing her taxes, and she doesn't pay too much attention to the rules. However, after taking a class on tax fraud, she is a bit concerned that some of the information in her past tax returns may be questionable. Sloan should only be worried about tax fraud if she’s made certain mistakes in the past. What kind of mistakes should Sloan be concerned about? Explain.
Answers
The commute times for the workers in a city are normally distributed with an unknown population mean and standard deviation. If a random sample of 27 workers is taken and results in a sample mean of 22 minutes and sample deviation of 3 minutes, find a 95% confidence interval estimate for the population mean using the student's t-distribution.
Answers
If the commute items for the workers in a city are normally distributed with an unknown population mean and standard deviation. Using the student's t distribution 95% confidence interval for the sample mean is 20.8129 and 23.1870
To calculate a 95% confidence interval.
Given Data
size n = 27 , sample mean = 22 , standard deviation = 3.
Here the 95% CI is given as,
× ± t*s/\(\sqrt{n}\)
t{(n-1),\\(\alpha\)}=t_{(27-1),0.05} = 2.056
(22± 2.056*3/\sqrt{27})
(22- 2.056*3/√27, 22+ 2.056*3/\sqrt{27})
( 22 - 1.1870 , 22 + 1.1870)
( 20.8129 , 23.187)
Thus , 95% confidence interval for sample mean is ( 20.8129 , 23.1870).
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A decrease in the nominal wage rate would lead to ___ in short-run aggregate supply and ____ in long-run aggregate supply.
Answers
A decrease in the nominal wage rate would lead to an increase in short-run aggregate supply and no change in long-run aggregate supply.
What is the nominal wage?The cash that you receive from an employer in exchange for your labor is referred to as a nominal wage or a money wage. There is no inflation adjustment made to a nominal pay.
A real wage, on the other hand, is a wage that has been inflation-adjusted. The buying power will decrease if the pace of nominal salary growth is less rapid than the rate of inflation.
Therefore, The aggregate supply would increase in the short run and remain unchanged in the long run if the nominal wage rate were to decline.
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Land is different from other tangible assets in that its utility is not diminished by its use. This statement is.
Answers
Land is different from other tangible assets in that its utility is not diminished by its use. This statement is True.
What are tangible assets?A tangible asset serves as an asset which posses a finite monetary value and usually a physical form.
It should be noted that this asset is one that posses a physical and measurable, such as land, however, the difference that exist between the other tangible assets as well as land is that the utility is not diminished by its use.
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Complete Question;
Land is different from other tangible assets in that its utility is not diminished by its use. This statement is.
Experts say that organisations are becoming increasingly decentralised, with authority, decision-making responsibility and accountability being pushed farther down into the organisation. How will this trend affect what will be asked of you as a new manager? The topic discussed in the interactive session suggested that structure should be designed to fit strategy. Some theorists argue that strategy should be designed to fit the organisation's structure.
Answers
Decision-making Authority: You will likely be entrusted with more decision-making authority within your area of responsibility.
This means that you will be expected to make decisions independently, using your expertise and knowledge to drive results. It may also involve empowering your team members to make decisions and take ownership of their work.Accountability: With decentralization, accountability becomes more distributed throughout the organization. As a new manager, you will be held accountable for the outcomes and performance of your team or department. This includes setting clear goals, tracking progress, and ensuring that objectives are met. You may also be responsible for reporting on key metrics and communicating results to higher-level management.
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If frictional unemployment is 2%, structural unemployment is 3%, and cyclical unemployment is 3.5%, the natural rate of unemployment is ______.
Answers
Based on the various rates of unemployment, the natural rate of unemployment is 5%.
What is natural unemployment?It represents the sum of frictional and structural unemployment.Natural unemployment rate is therefore:
= Frictional + Structural
= 2% + 3%
= 5%
In conclusion, natural unemployment is 5%.
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rig co. sold its factory at a gain and immediately leased it back for 10 years. the factory's remaining economic life is 20 years. the lease was reported appropriately as an operating lease. how should rig report the gain in the financial statements?
Answers
Rig Co. should report the gain as income in the period in which the sale was completed. The gain should be reported on the income statement as "Gain on Sale of Factory".
The lease should also be reported on the income statement as an expense over the term of the lease.
The gain on sale of the factory should be reported as a non-operating item on the income statement, separate from the operating lease expense. This allows investors to distinguish between the income from the sale of the factory and the expenses related to the lease of the factory.
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segmenting people by their feelings about a product category would be an example if which type of segmentation?
Answers
Psychographic segmentation would include dividing the population into groups based on how they feel about a particular product category. People are divided based on their values, attitudes, and interests through psychographic segmentation.
How do demographic and psychographic segmentations differ from one another?Unlike demographic segmentation, which divides potential audiences into groups based on attributes like gender, age, money, etc., psychographic segmentation places more focus on traits like personality and values. To design and place their products and marketing messages for various target groups, market researchers employ psychographic features. In order to develop their marketing plan, marketers conduct market research that includes both demographic and psychographic data. The buyer personas that direct brand positioning, product development, and marketing messaging are given more detail as a result of this knowledge.
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| Personal Finance |
If you have to pay your car insurance deductible, which is the best place to get the money?
A) your emergency fund
B) your insurance company
C) your credit card
D) your family
Answers
If the individual have to pay your car insurance deductible, the best place to get money is your credit card. Thus, option C is correct.
What is deductible in insurance?The amount that you must pay before the insurer starts to pay the remainder of the claim amount is known as the "deductible" and is strongly related with insurance. How it functions If the deductible for your insurance policy is $50,000, you are responsible for covering all qualifying costs up to that amount.
When a disease or injury necessitates costly medical care, low deductibles are desirable. High-deductible insurance policies provide you access to HSAs and more reasonable premiums. HSAs can serve as a source of retirement income and provide three different tax advantages.
Your credit card is the finest source of funding if you have to pay your auto insurance deductible. Option C is correct as a result.
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an employee can be dismissed if their job surplus to requirements' outline why this state ment is false
Answers
If an agency's qualifying new business premium is ____ than the set minimum in a given month or quarter in the prior year, that agent's baseline will be increased to the minimum baseline that month or quarter.
Answers
Answer:
lower
Explanation:
If the premium set is below the minimum threshold then agent baseline will be increased. This is because the commission of an agent is based on the percentage of the premium. If the premium amount is lower then the commission will also be lower resulting in the agent baseline to decrease.
Identify and explain reasons why communication will be difficult in a business that has a Tall Organization structure?
help!!! :(
Answers
Answer:
Because there will be so many people, nobody will have time to talk, business will be booming, and there will be a lot more people. Nobody will want to stay, because its a big business, but small businesses, are a lot smaller (ofc) and people will be connected more, then having hundreds of people.
Explanation:
You have been given the choice to invest $1,200 each year in an account that is expected to pay 3 percent per year or you can invest in an account that pays 4 percent. What is the difference between the returns, if you choose to invest for four years
Answers
Answer:
$4872.48
Explanation:
future value = amount x annuity factor
Annuity factor = {[(1+r)^n] - 1} / r
r = 4% - 3% = 1%
1200 x [(1.01)^4 - 1] / 0.01 = $4872.48
Which is a characteristic of the takeoff stage of Rostow's Five Stages of Economic
Growth?
The labor of a country is unskilled and focuses on agricultural production, animal husbandry, and the harvesting of timber.
Advancements in technology require a skilled labor force competent in electronics, medicine, and engineering.
The population as a whole has its basic needs met and enjoys a high
standard of living focused on consumer goods.
A country begins to grow rapidly and new industries start to emerge that
drive further economic development.
Answers
The characteristic of the takeoff stage of Rostow's Five Stages of Economic Growth is: A country begins to grow rapidly, and new industries start to emerge that drive further economic development.
What is Economic Growth?The economy expands significantly during the takeoff phase as it shifts from traditional industries to more contemporary and industrial sectors. New industries frequently grow as a result of greater investment and technical development.
This expansion supports subsequent economic growth and creates the conditions for long-term advancement. Rapid industrialisation and economic structural change are occurring at this time.
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what will I need to start a clothing shop
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
But meanwhile his you are going to start a new clothing business you will not have much finance ( money ) but first u have to advertise to the customers . get the customers attraction and there satisfaction , because then one customer will spread the whole news about your clothing shop to almost all the customers. which will be beneficial for you .
You will have to advertise on the tv , radio , bill boards , newspapers , many other marketing equipments plus u must advertise your business in a way that the customers will be willing to purchase your clothes from your clothing shop.
Then eventually you will gain more profits and will lead to profits so after sometime you can create a a online shopping like a website , because some and many customers will be willing to purchase your clothes through the online platform. which saves the customers time and transportation costs and etc.
By the way the main element is customers because without customers there will be no lead / success to your clothing shop.
Hope this answer helps you :)
Have a great day.
Mark brainliest :)
How does the organization of the Federal Reserver System Help it perform its functions?
Answers
Answer:
The Federal Reserve System's main duties include conducting national monetary policy, supervising and regulating banks, maintaining financial stability, and providing banking services. The Federal Open Market Committee is the Fed's monetary policy-making body and manages the country's money supply.
Explanation:
How will you be able to become the cost leader of the market in which you deal?
A.
by focusing on customer loyalty
B.
by analyzing your competitive advantage and identifying which strategy works best for your business
C.
by concentrating on serving a particular segment of customers better
D.
by producing a product that has a higher perceived value to the customers when compared to the already existing products
E.
by producing your goods at the lowest price in the market
Answers
Answer:
well it would be A i think
Explanation:
Answer:
E. by producing your good at the lowest price in the market
Explanation:
Plato
the corporate charter of whispering winds corporation allows the issuance of a maximum of 100,000 shares of common stock. during its first two years of operations, whispering winds sold 61,300 shares to shareholders and reacquired 4,800 of these shares. after these transactions, how many shares are authorized, issued, and outstanding? whispering winds corporation is authorized to sell shares. whispering winds has shares issued. whispering winds has shares outstanding.
Answers
Luney Corporation has been granted permission to sell 100,000 shares. Luney has issued 70000 shares. Luney has 63000 shareholdings in circulation.
What exactly do users mean by "shares"?
Shares are equity ownership units in a corporation. Shares arise as a capital product for some companies, providing for an equitable split of any residue left profits, if any are proclaimed, in the dividend form. Stockholders of a shares that doesn't pay dividends are not entitled to a profit distribution.
What are the various kinds of shares inside a limited partnership?
Ordinary stock.Non-voting stock.Preferences are distributed.Shares that are redeemable.To know more about Shares visit:
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What are wholesalers
Answers
Answer:
Wholesaler is a company that earns money by buying large quantities of goods then selling in bulk to smaller businesses.
Hope this help :)
Answer:
Wholesalers are companies or businesses that buy large quantities of products from other companies, then resell the products in bulk or individually.
Explanation:
Examples; Costco Wholesale & Sam's Club
Can anybody please provide at least 2 reasons for:
1. Why adopted children should know their biological parents' identities
2. Why adopted children shouldn't know their biological parents' identities
Thanks for anybody who helps! And please ASAP!!!!!!!!
Answers
1. Why adopted children should know their biological parents' identities
- it creates a kind of reunion among the involved parties include the children, the biological parents, and the adopted parents
- they can locate and reunate if they want to, once they have grown up
2. Why adopted children shouldn't know their biological parents' identities
- they might get hurt by trying to find the truth
- if they know that they were just adopted they can feel less of themselves even though the adopted parents love them with all their hearts
4. If your checking account's balance is
$3,678.89 and you withdraw $1,514, what
is the remaining balance?
A $2,164.89
B $5,192.89
C$2,614.89
D $3,678.89
(Step by step ) please
Answers
Basically just subtract, 3,678.89-1514 = 2,164.89