Thermal energy was produced as a result of friction between the piston and the cylinder that held it. When the plunger was depressed, the gas underwent work.
friction is the resistance to an object sliding or rolling over another solid object. Although frictional forces can be advantageous, such as the traction required to walk without slipping, they also pose a significant amount of resistance to motion. In order to overcome frictional forces in the moving parts, about 20% of an automobile's engine power is used.
The forces of attraction, also known as adhesion, between the contact regions of the surfaces, which are always microscopically irregular, seem to be the main contributor to friction between metals. These "welded" junctions are sheared, and friction is created by the irregularities of the harder surface scuffing up against the softer surface.
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A radio station broadcasts a radio wave with 28 kW of power. (Assume that the station's antenna emits the radio wave uniformly in all directions.) Your car's antenna uses the energy stored in the radio wave's electric and magnetic fields to recreate the original broadcasted sound. If the minimum mangetic field that your car's antenna can detect has an rms value of 3.5 x 10^−10
T, how far from the radio station can your car be before you "lose" the signal?
Your car can be at a maximum distance of 2.51 × \(10^5\) m, or about 251 km, from the radio station before losing the signal.
The power density of an electromagnetic wave is given by:
P = (1/2)ε0c\(E^2\)
here P is the power density, ε0 is the permittivity of free space, c is the speed of light, and E is the electric field amplitude. Assuming that the radio station's antenna emits the radio wave uniformly in all directions, the power density at a distance r from the antenna can be calculated as:
P = P0/(4π\(r^2\))
here P0 is the power output of the station.
The magnetic field amplitude of an electromagnetic wave is related to the electric field amplitude by:
B = E/c
Therefore, the minimum detectable magnetic field amplitude is:
B_min = 3.5 × \(10^{-10} T\)
Substituting the expression for the electric field amplitude in terms of the power density in the above equation and solving for r, we get:
r = sqrt(P0/(8πB_min^2ε0c))
r =\(\sqrt{ ((28 * 10^{3} W)/(8*pi(3.5 * 10^{-10} T)^2(8.85 * 10^{-12} F/m)(3 * 10^8 m/s))) \\\\\)
r = 2.51 × \(10^5\)
Therefore, your car can be at a maximum distance of 2.51 × \(10^5\) m, or about 251 km, from the radio station before losing the signal.
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Inside a freely-falling elevator, there would be no A) gravitational force on you. B) apparent weight for you. C) both of these D) none of these.
Inside a freely-falling elevator, there would be no apparent weight for you.So option B is correct.
Inside a freely-falling elevator, there is still a gravitational force acting on you. However, since both you and the elevator are falling at the same rate, you would experience a sensation of weightlessness. Your apparent weight, which is the force exerted on a body due to gravity, would be zero. This is because there is no contact force between you and the elevator floor that would provide a normal force to counteract gravity. Therefore, the correct option is that there would be no apparent weight for you.
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2. Use delta to wye resistance. transformation to find the total Also, determine the total current. 100 V (+ 2002 N 40 M 1965 120V I₁ 50 3.0 100 92 M- W Io 302 10 N 270 3.Reduce the circuit to a single loop network using source transformation then find lo. N62 $452 N 82 182 4022 3A
The total resistance in the circuit is 144Ω, and the total current is approximately 0.694A.
To find the total resistance and total current in the given circuit, let's break down the steps:
1. Delta to Wye Transformation:
- Identify the resistors in the delta configuration: 200Ω, 40Ω, and 120Ω.
- Apply the delta to wye transformation to convert the resistors into a wye configuration:
- R₁ = (Rb * Rc) / (Ra + Rb + Rc) = (40 * 120) / (200 + 40 + 120) = 16Ω
- R₂ = (Ra * Rc) / (Ra + Rb + Rc) = (200 * 120) / (200 + 40 + 120) = 96Ω
- R₃ = (Ra * Rb) / (Ra + Rb + Rc) = (200 * 40) / (200 + 40 + 120) = 32Ω
- Replace the delta configuration with the wye configuration using the calculated values: R₁ = 16Ω, R₂ = 96Ω, R₃ = 32Ω.
2. Total Resistance Calculation:
- The total resistance (RT) in the circuit is the sum of the individual resistances:
- RT = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ = 16Ω + 96Ω + 32Ω = 144Ω.
3. Total Current Calculation:
- The total current (I) can be calculated using Ohm's Law: I = V / RT, where V is the voltage across the circuit.
- Given that the voltage (V) is 100V, the total current (I) is: I = 100V / 144Ω = 0.694A.
Therefore, the total resistance in the circuit is 144Ω, and the total current is approximately 0.694A.
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This armed
rover weighs 1900 N
and has a mass of
340 kg. What is the
acceleration due to gravity
on its current planet?
Please help
Answer:
5.59 m/s2
Explanation:
F = 1900 N
m = 340 kg
F = ma
Therefore, a = 1900/340 = 5.59
According to the graph of displacement vs. time, what is the object's velocity at a displacement of 0.2 meters?
According to the graph of displacement vs. time, the object's velocity is 0.02 m/s
What is displacement?The displacement is the shortest distance travelled by the particle. It is the vector quantity which re[presents both the magnitude and direction.
Velocity is the time rate of change of displacement with time.
Given is the displacement 0.2 m and time taken is 10s. So, the velocity is
v = 0.2/10
v = 0.02 m/s
Thus, the object's velocity is 0.02 m/s
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Two antennas located at points A and B are broadcasting radio waves of frequency 97. 0 MHz, perfectly in phase with each other. The two antennas are separated by a distance d= 9. 30 m. An observer, P, is located on the x axis, a distance x= 75. 0 m from antenna A, so that APB forms a right triangle with PB as hypotenuse. What is the phase difference between the waves arriving at P from antennas A and B?
The phase difference between the waves arriving at point P from antennas A and B is approximately 34.5 radians.
Δφ = 2πΔx/λ
We can calculate the wavelength of the radio waves using the formula:
λ = c/f
λ = c/f = \(\frac{3*10^{8} }{97.0*10^{6} } = 3.09m\)
Now we can calculate the phase difference:
Δx = \({(d^2+x^2)^0.5}-x\) =\([(9.30 m)^2 + (75.0 m)^2]^0.5 - 75.0 m\) ≈ 16.9 m
Δφ = 2πΔx/λ = 2π(16.9 m)/(3.09 m) ≈ 34.5 radians
The phase difference is a concept in physics that refers to the difference in the timing or position of two oscillations or waves. When two waves with the same frequency and amplitude are superimposed, they can either add constructively or destructively, depending on their phase relationship. If the waves are in phase, meaning their peaks and troughs line up perfectly, they will add constructively and result in a wave with twice the amplitude.
However, if the waves are out of phase, meaning their peaks and troughs do not align, they will add destructively and result in a wave with zero amplitude. Phase difference is usually expressed in terms of degrees or radians. A phase difference of 180 degrees (or pi radians) means that the waves are completely out of phase, while a phase difference of 0 degrees (or 2*pi radians) means that they are in phase.
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a box of mass mmm is released from rest on a frictionless ramp. the ramp has an angle \thetaθtheta. what is the magnitude of the box's net force?
The magnitude of the box's net force is m * g * sin(θ).
The magnitude of the box's net force can be determined by considering the forces acting on the box. In this case, the forces involved are the gravitational force and the component of the gravitational force parallel to the ramp.
Gravitational force (Weight):
The gravitational force acting on the box is given by the equation:
F_gravity = m * g
where m is the mass of the box and g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s²).
Component of the gravitational force parallel to the ramp:
The component of the gravitational force parallel to the ramp can be calculated by considering the angle θ of the ramp. The component is given by:
F_parallel = m * g * sin(θ)
where θ is the angle of the ramp.
Since the box is released from rest on a frictionless ramp, the net force acting on the box is equal to the component of the gravitational force parallel to the ramp:
Net force = F_parallel = m * g * sin(θ)
Therefore, the magnitude of the box's net force is m * g * sin(θ).
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PLEASE HELP 50 AND BEST ANSWER
Begin by printing out a copy of the periodic table. Use the file attached to the assignment page or download the file from the Course Resources folder.
1. Label the rows as the electron energy levels.
2. Label the number of valence electrons in Columns 1,2, and 13-18.
3. Label the metals, semi-metals, and non-metals using different colors. Make sure you don't obscure any of the information about different elements by coloring.
4. Label the ion charges for elements in the first 3 rows. Remember all the elements in Columns 1,2,16,17,18 will always have the same charge. Elements in Columns 13,14, or 15 can have different charges within the same row it's especially useful to write these charges on your periodic table. --
5. Label the trends for atomic size, ionization energy, and electron affinity.
Label the rows as the electron energy levels:
The rows of the periodic table are also known as periods. There are seven periods, and each period corresponds to a particular energy level. You can label them from 1 to 7, starting from the top row.
What are the responses to other questions?Label the number of valence electrons in Columns 1, 2, and 13-18:
Columns 1 and 2 are the s-block elements, and they have 1 and 2 valence electrons, respectively. Columns 13-18 are the p-block elements, and they have 3 to 8 valence electrons, respectively. You can label the number of valence electrons in each column.
Label the metals, semi-metals, and non-metals using different colors:
Metals are on the left side of the periodic table, semi-metals are in the middle, and non-metals are on the right side. You can use different colors to label them without obscuring any of the information about different elements.
Label the ion charges for elements in the first 3 rows:
Elements in the first 3 rows of the periodic table have predictable ion charges. The alkali metals (Group 1) have a charge of +1, the alkaline earth metals (Group 2) have a charge of +2, and the elements in Group 13 have a charge of +3. For Groups 15, 16, and 17, the charges are -3, -2, and -1, respectively. The noble gases (Group 18) are unreactive and do not form ions. You can write these charges for each element in their respective positions.
Label the trends for atomic size, ionization energy, and electron affinity:
Atomic size generally decreases from left to right across a period and increases from top to bottom within a group. Ionization energy generally increases from left to right across a period and increases from bottom to top within a group. Electron affinity generally increases from left to right across a period and becomes less negative from top to bottom within a group. You can label these trends on your periodic table as well.
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1.
On a fishing trip you catch a bass, a rock cod, and a salmon with masses of 1.07 kg, 6.0 kg, and
6.05 kg, respectively. What is the total mass of your catch with the proper number of significant
figures?
The total mass of your catch is 13.1 kg
Since you have three fishes a bass, a rock cod, and a salmon with masses of 1.07 kg, 6.0 kg, and 6.05 kg, respectively,
The total mass of your catch = mass of bass + mass of rock cod + mass of salmon
= 1.07 kg + 6.0 kg + 6.05 kg
= 13.12 kg
Since the total mass of your catch is 13.12 kg and we have three catches with two catches to two decimal places and one catch to one decimal place.
We cannot have more decimal places in our answer than the number of decimal places in the number with the least number of decimal places.
Since the least number of decimal places is in the mass of the rock cod which is 6.0 kg, the total mass of our catch is thus 13.1 kg to one decimal place.
So, the total mass of your catch is 13.1 kg
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how do the total number of protons and neutrons before and after the reaction compare for a fission reaction and a fusion reaction
In a fusion reaction, the total number of protons and neutrons before and after the reaction will be the same, in contrast to a fission reaction where the total number will differ.
A heavy nucleus is divided into two or smaller nuclei in a nuclear fission reaction, and these smaller nuclei typically have different numbers of protons and neutrons than the original nucleus.
Since the original nucleus is being divided into smaller nuclei, there will be a difference in the total amount of protons and neutrons before and after the fission reaction.
The overall number of protons and neutrons present prior to the reaction and those present following it will be equal, but their distribution will alter.
In contrast, two or lighter nuclei join to generate a heavier nucleus in a nuclear fusion reaction.
Since the lighter nuclei are joining together to form a heavier nucleus and no particles are being created or destroyed throughout the process, the total number of protons and neutrons present before and after the fusion reaction will be the same.
Nevertheless, depending on the particular nuclei engaged in the fusion reaction, the distribution of these particles may alter before and after the reaction.
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A car starts from rest and travels for 7.0 s weth a uniform acceleration of +2.5 m/s
2
. The dinver then applies the brakes, causing a uniform acceleration of - 2.0 it
s?
. Hif the brakes are applied foe 3.0 s, determ ne each of the followng. (a). How fast is the car coing at the end of the braking persoc? my= (b) How far has the car gone?
(a)The car is moving at a speed of 11.5 m/s at the end of the braking period. (b)The car has traveled approximately 104.75 meters.
Let's solve the problem step by step:
Given information:
Initial velocity (u) = 0 m/s (car starts from rest)
Acceleration during the first phase (acceleration while moving forward) = +2.5 m/s²
Acceleration during the second phase (acceleration while braking) = -2.0 m/s²
Time during the first phase = 7.0 s
Time during the second phase (braking time) = 3.0 s
(a) Final velocity after the braking period:
We can use the equation of motion to find the final velocity during the first phase:
v = u + at
v₁ = 0 m/s + 2.5 m/s² × 7.0 s
v₁ = 17.5 m/s
During the second phase, we can again use the equation of motion:
v = u + at
The initial velocity (u) during the second phase is the final velocity (v₁) of the first phase.
v₂ = v₁ + (-2.0 m/s²) × 3.0 s
v₂ = 17.5 m/s - 6.0 m/s
v₂ = 11.5 m/s
Therefore, the car is moving at a speed of 11.5 m/s at the end of the braking period.
(b) Distance traveled during the entire process:
To find the distance traveled during each phase, we can use the equation of motion:
s = ut + (1/2)at²
During the first phase, the initial velocity (u) is 0 m/s, and the time (t₁) is 7.0 s:
s₁ = (1/2)(2.5 m/s²)(7.0 s)²
s₁ = 61.25 m
During the second phase, the initial velocity (u) is v₁ (final velocity of the first phase), and the time (t₂) is 3.0 s:
s₂ = v₁ × t₂ + (1/2)(-2.0 m/s²)(3.0 s)²
s₂ = 17.5 m/s ×3.0 s + (-1.0 m/s²)(4.5 s²)
s₂ = 52.5 m + (-9.0 m)
s₂ = 43.5 m
The total distance traveled is the sum of the distances in each phase:
Total distance = s₁ + s₂
Total distance = 61.25 m + 43.5 m
Total distance ≈ 104.75 m
Therefore, the car has traveled approximately 104.75 meters.
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All large radioactive atoms decay into smaller atoms by releasing alpha particles. Each alpha particle has 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 0 electrons. The table below describes several neutral, low-mass atoms.
A 4-column table with 4 rows, labeled Stable Isotopes of Low-Mass Elements. The first column labeled element name has entries hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium. The second column labeled symbol has entries H, H e, L i, B e. The third column labeled atomic number has entries 1, 2, 3, 4. The fourth column labeled number of neutrons has entries 0, 2, 4, 5.
An alpha particle is also referred to as a nucleus of which isotope?
lithium-7
helium-4
hydrogen-2
helium-2
Answer: Helium=4 is the answer
Explanation:
took the test and got it right that'
s the answer.
Answer:
It's b
Explanation:
I took the quiz on EDGE and got it right.
differentiate can you help me plzzzzzzz
Explanation:
Acceleration and the other term are the same physical phenomenon - just with opposite affects. Acceleration increases velocity, while the other term that begins with the letter "R" reduces.
***(Brainly's language filter is blocking the use of the second term in my answer.)***
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of the velocity of an object per unit of time...
\(a = \frac{dv}{dt}\)
Acceleration would be a POSITIVE (+) quantity, while the r-word would be negative (-).
What does it mean when someone says that radio waves can be modulated?
a tank whose bottom is a mirror is filled with water to a depth of 19.8 cm . a small fish floats motionless 6.40 cm under the surface of the water. part a what is the apparent depth of the fish when viewed at normal incidence to the water? express your answer in centimeters. use 1.33 for the index of refraction of water. view available hint(s)
A tank whose bottom is a mirror is filled with water to a depth of 19.8 cm . a small fish floats motionless 6.40 cm under the surface of the water.The apparent depth of the fish when viewed at normal incidence to the water is approximately 4.81 cm.
To find the apparent depth of the fish when viewed at normal incidence to the water, we can use the concept of apparent depth and the Snell's law.
The apparent depth (D') of an object submerged in a medium can be calculated using the formula:
D' = D / n
Where D is the actual depth of the object and n is the refractive index of the medium.
In this case, the actual depth of the fish is 6.40 cm and the refractive index of water is 1.33.
Plugging in the values into the formula, we get:
D' = 6.40 cm / 1.33
Calculating this, we find:
D' ≈ 4.81 cm
Therefore, the apparent depth of the fish when viewed at normal incidence to the water is approximately 4.81 cm.
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Please explain Boltzmann's law
Boltzmann's law, named after the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, relates the entropy of a system to the number of microstates available to that system.
It is a fundamental concept in statistical mechanics that connects the microscopic behavior of particles to the macroscopic properties of a system.
The law states that the entropy (S) of a system is directly proportional to the natural logarithm of the number of microstates (Ω) accessible to that system at a given energy level. Mathematically, it can be expressed as S = k ln(Ω), where k is Boltzmann's constant.
In simpler terms, Boltzmann's law tells us that as the number of microstates increases, the entropy of the system also increases. Microstates refer to the different ways in which the particles or constituents of a system can be arranged while maintaining the same macroscopic properties. Entropy is a measure of the system's disorder or the degree of randomness.
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which shows valid accesses for an array a and vector v, each with 10 elements?
The possible valid accesses for an array a and vector v, each with 10 elements is given below:Array: a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3], a[4], a[5], a[6], a[7], a[8], a[9]Vector: v[0], v[1], v[2], v[3], v[4], v[5], v[6], v[7], v[8], v[9]
The term array is used to define a set of similar data types that are stored in contiguous memory blocks. The index of an array starts at 0, which means the first element of the array is stored at index 0. In the case of arrays, the elements must be of the same data type.The term vector is defined as a dynamic array, which means that the size of the vector can be changed during runtime. Vectors are defined in the same way as arrays, except that they have a dynamic size limit and can be easily resized.
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9. According to statistical theory, 68% of your measurements of time should fall within the range of and of therefore about 3 of your 5 measurements should satisfy this condition. How many of your measurements fall within this range? Are your errors random according to this theory?
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
Yes, this is a random error generating because of statistical constraint. We only have finite number of data points. As per this, if we plot our observation we will get a gaussian (inverse bell ) shaped curve with mean equal to central value.
What happened to the kelp forest when the otter was hunted to near extinction?
Answer: Sea otter is the pioneer species in the kelp forest as it regulates and controls the population of other species in the kelp forest.
Explanation:
If sea otters are hunted and their population is brought to extinction then this will cause major harm the ecosystem of the kelp forest and it will disturb the ecological balance in the kelp forest. The herbivorous animals consumed by the sea otters will increase in population and they will consume a lot of vegetation in the forest. The kelp forest which forms the coastline will not remain effective in providing protection against the storms to the neighboring areas.
An object covers a distance of 6.0 km and then turns left. It then covers a distance of 8.0 km. If it takes 10.0 seconds to cover the entire distance, determine the average speed and the average velocity of the object.
Answer:
the average speed is 5,040 km/hour
Explanation:
The computation of the average speed is as follows:
Average speed = Total distance ÷ Total time
= (6 km + 8 km) ÷ (10 seconds)
= (14 km) ÷ (10 seconds)
= 5,040 km/hour
Hence, the average speed is 5,040 km/hour
We simply divided the total distance from the total time
What are some practical applications for determining the motion of an object?
Answer:
Some practical applications for determining the motion of an object are measuring kinetic energy, acceleration, etc.
Explanation:
what happens to kinetic energy as velocity increases
Answer:
\(\huge\purple{\boxed{{\colorbox{black}{Answer \:}}}}\)
What happens to kinetic energy as velocity increases?
Because kinetic energy is proportional to the velocity squared, increases in velocity will have an exponentially greater effect on translational kinetic energy. Doubling the mass of an object will only double its kinetic energy, but doubling the velocity of the object will quadruple its velocity.Explanation:
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\(stay \: safe\)
When the velocity of an object increases, the kinetic energy of the object increases as well.
What is kinetic energy?The kinetic energy of an object is the energy possessed by the object due to its motion.
The kinetic energy of an object in motion is calculated as follows;
K.E = ¹/₂mv²
where;
v is the velocity of the object.Thus, from the equation above, when the velocity of an object increases, the kinetic energy of the object increases as well.
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Samanthawalks along a horizontal path in the direction shown the curved path is a semi circle with a radius of 2 m while the horizontal part is for me what is the magnitude of displacement
Answer:
Explanation:
Samantha walks along a horizontal path in the direction shown the curved path is a semi circle with a radius of 2 m while the horizontal part is for me what is the magnitude of displacement
Displacement is given by the straight line distance between P and Q. Displacement will be length of straight line joining P and Q
a semi circle with a radius of 2 m
Length of this straight line=4+diameter
=4+(2*2)
=8 m
What would happen to the particles in this box if it lost heat energy?
the particles would slow down and become less dense
the particles would slow down and become denser.
The particles would speed up and become denser
the particles inside of the box would evaporate
Answer:
A
Explanation:
i think its A
julia performs an experiment to measure the wavelength of four different waves and records her data in the table below.a 2-column table with 4 rows titled julia's waves. the first column labeled wave has entries 1, 2, 3, 4. the second column labeled information has entries this wave has 3 centimeter amplitude, the distance from the midpoint to the crest is 6 centimeters, the distance from the midpoint to the trough is 12 centimeters, this wave has a 4 centimeter amplitude.which accurately ranks the waves from the lowest energy wave to the highest energy wavehow has the change in media affected the frequency of the wave?
A wave's frequency varies when it moves from one medium to another. This is due to the fact that a wave's wavelength doesn't change when it enters a different medium, but its speed does. This is referred to as the frequency-wavelength relationship of the wave.
Based on the information provided in the table, the waves can be ranked from lowest energy to highest energy as follows: wave 1, wave 2, wave 3, and wave 4.
This is because wave energy is directly proportional to its amplitude and frequency, and in this case, the amplitude of wave 1 is the lowest, followed by wave 2, wave 3, and wave 4.
When a wave travels from one medium to another, its frequency changes.
This is because the speed of the wave changes when it enters a different medium, while its wavelength remains constant. This is known as the wave's frequency-wavelength relationship.
When the wave enters a denser medium, its speed decreases, and its frequency decreases as well. On the other hand, when the wave enters a less dense medium, its speed increases, and its frequency increases as well. Therefore, the change in media can affect the frequency of the wave.
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anne and bobby are twins who have the same weight.anne drops straight down to the ground from up in a tree in santa clara.at the same time that anne drops, bobby begins his descent down a nearby frictionless slide. if they start so that their centers of mass are at the same height above the ground, how do their kinetic energies compare when they hit the ground?
Both Anne and Bobby will have same kinetic energies when they will hit the ground.
In order to answer this question, let us consider a general body of mass M which is released from the height H.
Let us say that the body achieved a speed V when it came to the bottom.
So, law of conservation of energy,
Potential energy at top = kinetic energy at bottom
MgH = 1/2MV²
As we can see from the above relation that the kinetic energy of the body depends only on the height of the body from the ground and the mass of the body.
So if Anne and Bobby both have the same weight and the position of the center of mass of both of them is at a same height from the ground then there kinetic energies will be same in magnitude when the hit the ground.
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How much work is done by the gravitational force when a 354 kg rock falls 1.70 а m? 5 marks 3. You are pushing an empty shovel across a frozen pond with a horizontal force of 36 N. Assume there is no friction. a. If the shovel accelerates at 0.75 m/s2, what is its mass? 4 marks b. As you are pushing, snow fill up in the shovel with a mass of 55 kg. What acceleration will the force produce now? 4 marks
To find the mass of the shovel, we can use Newton's second law of motion, which states that force is equal to mass times acceleration (F = ma). Rearranging the formula to solve for mass, we get:
mass = force / acceleration. When snow fills up in the shovel, the total mass of the shovel and snow increases. The force applied remains the same, so the acceleration will decrease. We can use the same formula as before, but this time solving for acceleration: acceleration = force / total mass.
Plugging in the given values, we have:
mass = 36 N / 0.75 m/s^2 = 48 kg
Therefore, the mass of the shovel is 48 kg.
The total mass is the mass of the shovel plus the mass of the snow, or 48 kg + 55 kg = 103 kg. Plugging in the given force and total mass, we have:
acceleration = 36 N / 103 kg = 0.35 m/s^2
Therefore, the acceleration with the snow-filled shovel is 0.35 m/s^2.
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(a) (i) What is the raw file size for a 320×240 12-bit thermal image? (ii) How does the file size compare to a typical file size for a commercial digital camera (for visible range)? Give two reasons for the difference.
The raw file size for a 320x240 12-bit thermal image is 115,200 bytes. Thermal images have smaller raw file sizes than digital camera images because they have lower resolution and color depth, resulting in less data being stored.
(i) To calculate the raw file size for a 320x240 12-bit thermal image, we need to consider the number of pixels and the bit depth. Each pixel in a 12-bit image can have 2¹² (4096) possible values.
The total number of pixels in a 320x240 image is 76,800 (320 x 240). Multiplying this by the bit depth, we get:
76,800 pixels x 12 bits/pixel = 921,600 bits
To convert this to bytes, we divide by 8:
921,600 bits / 8 = 115,200 bytes
Therefore, the raw file size for a 320x240 12-bit thermal image is 115,200 bytes.
(ii) The file size of a thermal image compared to a typical commercial digital camera image for the visible range is generally smaller due to a couple of reasons:
1. Resolution: Thermal images typically have lower resolution compared to commercial digital camera images. The example given is a 320x240 image.
While commercial digital cameras often capture images with higher resolutions like 12 megapixels (e.g., 4000x3000 pixels). The higher-resolution images from digital cameras contain more data per image, resulting in larger file sizes.
2. Color Depth: Thermal images are often grayscale or have limited color palettes. They usually use a lower bit depth, such as 12 bits, to represent the temperature variations.
In contrast, commercial digital cameras capture images with higher color depth, such as 24 bits (8 bits per color channel), resulting in more information per pixel and larger file sizes.
In conclusion, the raw file size of a thermal image is generally smaller compared to a typical commercial digital camera image due to lower resolution and color depth, resulting in less data being stored for each image.
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A student drops a rock from rest at a distance h above the ground such that the rock hits the ground at time t. At what distance above the ground should the rock be dropped such that it hits the ground at 2t after it is released from rest
The distance above the ground the rock should be dropped such that it hits the ground at 2t after it is released from rest is 4h.
What is the height of fall of the rock?
The height of fall of the rock is calculated by applying the following kinematic equation as shown below.
h = vt + ¹/₂gt²
where;
v is the initial velocity of the rockt is the time of motion of the rockg is acceleration due to gravityh is the height of fall of the rockh = 0 + ¹/₂gt²
h = ¹/₂gt²
2h = gt²
g = 2h / t²
h₁ / t₁² = h₂ / t₂²
The distance above the ground the rock should be dropped such that it hits the ground at 2t after it is released from rest is calculated as;
h₂ = ( h₁ / t₁² )(t₂²)
h₂ = ( h/t²)(2t)²
h₂ = ( h/t²)(4t²)
h₂ = 4h
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An object that weighs 75 N is pulled on a horizontal surface by a horizontal pull of 50 N to
the right. The friction force on this object is 30 N to the left. What is the acceleration of the
object?
Using the Newton Laws, the acceleration of the object is 2.67m/s²
Based on the problem, we can draw the diagram as below to help our understanding.
From the information provided we know that:
F = 50 N (horizontal pull)
W = 75 N
f = 30 N (friction force)
From the picture, we could focus first on the X-axis, where the horizontal force and the friction force work on the object. We would apply the second law of Newton for this axis since there is movement happening within this axis.
∑Fx = m.a
F - f = m.a
50 - 30 = m.a
m.a = 20N ... (i)
Next, we will focus on the Y-axis. In this axis neutral force and weight are working but not resulting to any movement within the axis. ence, we will be applying the first law of Newton:
∑F = 0
N - W = 0
N = W
N = 75N ... (ii)
Since we know that weight is the result of multiply between mass and gravity, we could find the mass of the object by assuming the gravity is 10m/s²
W = m.g
75 = m (10)
m = 7.5kg ... (iii)
We could subtitute the equation (iii) into equation (i) to find the acceleration of the object:
m.a = 20N
(7.5) a = 20N
a = 2.67m/s²
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