Answers
Reduce work hours in line with improvements in labor productivity and in dealing with macroeconomic instability, adjust work hours for all rather than letting some workers become unemployed.
The economist:A specialist in economics examines the connection here between society's resources as well as its output or production. Economists research a variety of social systems, including local communities, entire countries, as well as the global economy.
What do economists actually do?The manufacture and distribution of goods, resources, and services are studied by economists through data collection and analysis, trend research, and evaluation of economic concerns. Even though it is a social science, economics may be just as demanding and tough as any other more difficult academic topic, such as arithmetic, chemistry, etc.
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Related Questions
321 ASSIGNMENT 1: Individual Assignment. Discuss the contribution of transportation to the development of the developing countries at a global level with specific focus on the South African economy. {100} In essay format
Answers
In emerging countries, transportation is extremely important. The world's richest and most powerful nations have effective transportation infrastructure. Maciulis (2009) cited as an example:
Increasing reliability, improving service quality, and increasing transport capacity are the goals of investments in transportation infrastructure. As a result, transportation expenses were reduced, and transit times were shortened. Additionally, a stronger transportation infrastructure is a must for business growth. Summarizing the previously discussed concepts, we now have increased productivity and competitiveness, which are the foundation of economic growth.
As human needs change, so do transportation facilities. Today, people, food, and finished goods may all be transported using a variety of modes of transportation, including the car, bus, truck, subway, train, ship, and airplane. Transportation has a lot of advantages, but it also has some drawbacks. According to Litman (2012), greenhouse gases from automobiles are responsible for some consequences on human health and the environment, such as climate change.
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Indicate which activities of Stockton Corporation violated the rights of a stockholder who owned one share of common stock.
a. Paid the stockholder a smaller dividend per share than another common stockholder.
b. Rejected the stockholder's request to be put in charge of its retail store.
c. Rejected the stockholder's sale of stock on an organized exchange.
d. Rejected the stockholder's request to vote via proxy because she was home sick.
e. In liquidation, paid the common shareholder after preferred stockholders were already paid.
Answers
Answer:
a
c
d
Explanation:
A shareholder is a person that buys stocks of a publicly traded company. they are referred to as owners and are entitled to dividends. Dividends are a proportion of income
All common shareholders earn the same amount of dividends
prefferred shareholders are given higher preference that common shareholders
Which option should be used to commit a record in an Access table?
A. Press Esc.
B. Select Undo.
C. Press Ch+Z.
D. Move to a new record.
Answers
Answer: D
Explanation:
According to the Microsoft support website, "Move the cursor to another record to commit your changes to the database or press Shift+Enter. By default, the quotation marks disappear."
In your business plan, you note that investors can expect to gain 110 percent of their investment back after three years. The time frame here provides your:
Group of answer choices
turnover.
point-of-sale.
rate of return.
return on interest.
Answers
If in your business plan, you note that investors can expect to gain 110 percent of their investment back after three years. The time frame here provides your: C. rate of return.
What is rate of return?Rate of return can be defined as the gain or loss a person make on their investment and the rate of return is in a form of percentage.
In a situation where a person who invest his/her money into a business make a profit of 110% of the amount the person invested after two to three years this is called a rate of return.
Therefore the correct option is C.
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illustrate the effect that a decrease in a price of milk (an input of ice cream) would have on the market for ice cream.
Answers
A decrease in the price of milk would lead to a decrease in the production cost of ice cream and an increase in its supply, causing a decrease in the equilibrium price of ice cream and an increase in its quantity demanded and supplied.
A decrease in the price of milk is likely to have a direct effect on the market for ice cream. Milk is a key ingredient in the production of ice cream, and so a decrease in the price of milk would lead to a decrease in the production cost of ice cream. The impact of this decrease in production cost will result in an increase in the supply of ice cream. The supply curve will shift to the right, showing that more ice cream is available for sale at any given price.
This means that the equilibrium price of ice cream will decrease because suppliers are willing to sell more ice cream at lower prices due to lower production costs. As a result, consumers would demand more ice cream because they would be able to purchase it at a lower price. This increase in demand would cause the demand curve to shift to the right, further increasing the equilibrium quantity of ice cream traded in the market.
Therefore, a decrease in the price of milk would lead to a decrease in the production cost of ice cream and an increase in its supply, causing a decrease in the equilibrium price of ice cream and an increase in its quantity demanded and supplied.
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Practice
Match the example with the marketing tool being used.
To match the items, click the example, and then click the
marketing tool.
Mario researches his target market to make sure his
products are affordable for them.
Promotion
After Lennard creates a marketing message focused on
the exotic flavors of his fruit smoothies, he decides to stop
offering bland, less exotic flavors.
Place
Indira chooses active, athletic salespeople that reflect her
target market
People
Sierra chooses a location in the business district for her
gym so it will be convenient for the businesspeople she
wants to attract
Product
Courtney advertises her product on Web sites that are
popular with her target market.
Price
Answers
Answer:
1. Price
2. Product
3. People
4. Place
5. Promotion
Explanation:
I majored in marketing.
One example of using marketing tool is Mario researches his target market to make sure his products are affordable for them, he uses pride.
What are some of the examples of using marketing tools?Marketing tools are tools that marketing specialists use to create, improve and promote their products and services. In this context, the word 'tools' refers to techniques, strategies, and materials.
Most companies prefer email marketing, advertising, target, research of the market, collecting data etc. Some of the examples of using marketing tools are, After Lennard creates a marketing message focused on. the exotic flavors of his fruit smoothies, he decides to stop offering bland, less exotic flavors and he uses the product. Place Indira chooses active, athletic salespeople that reflect her target market for that she uses people. Sierra chooses a location in the business district for her gym so it will be convenient for the business people she wants to attract, for that she uses the place.
Courtney advertises her product on Web sites that are popular with her target market and for that she uses promotion.
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9. Give four reasons why Omondi satisfy hunger for food before going entertainment (4mks) 10. Highlight four differences between goods and services (4mks) Services
Answers
The reason why Omondi will satisfy hungler for food before going to Chaka Ranch for entertainment includes:
Basic wants are essential for survival. Resources are limited. Hunger pangs can be distracting/It can interfere with his enjoyment of the entertainment.Why does Omondi satisfy his hunger?By eating first, he can fully focus on and enjoy the entertainment without feeling uncomfortable or distracted by hunger. The entertainment venues also offer expensive and unhealthy food options, which may not be suitable for Omondi's dietary preferences or budget.
By eating, he can avoid spending money on unnecessary food or consuming food that does not align with his dietary choices. Also, some entertainment venues may not offer food at all.
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Beachballs, Inc., expects abnormally high earnings for the next three years due to the forecast of unusually hot summers. After the 3-year period, their growth will level off to its normal rate of 6%. Dividends and earnings are expected to grow at 20% for years 1 and 2 and 15% in year 3. The last dividend paid was $1.00. If an investor requires a 10% return on Beachballs, the price she is willing to pay for the stock is closest to:
Answers
Answer: $36.50
Explanation:
The price she will be willing to be paid according to the Dividend Discount model is calculated by finding the present value of the future dividends and the terminal value.
Dividend year 1 = 1 * (1 + 20%) = $1.20
Dividend year 2 = 1.20 * (1 + 20%) = $1.44
Dividend year 3 = 1.44 * (1 + 15%) = $1.656
Terminal value = Dividend in year 4 / (required return - growth rate)
= (1.656 * (1 + 6%)) / ( 10% - 6%)
= $43.884
\(Price = \frac{1.2}{(1 + 0.10)} + \frac{1.44}{(1 + 0.10)^{2} } + \frac{1.656}{(1 + 0.10)^{3} } + \frac{43.884}{(1 + 0.10)^{3} }\\\\= 36.4959\\\\= 36.50\)
= $36.50
Ethical Concerns in Human Resources
Ethics refers to fundamental principles of right and wrong; ethical behavior is behavior that is consistent with those principles. HRM decisions should be ethical, but the evidence suggests that is not always the case. Many ethical issues in the workplace involve HRM. In the context of ethical human resource management, HR managers must view employees as having basic rights. This activity is important because it will give you an opportunity to examine the four principles for ethical behavior and the basic rights employees should expect in the work environment.
HR managers must view employees as having basic rights, for such a view reflects ethical principles embodied in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights. Organizations often face situations in which the rights of employees are affected. Ethical, successful companies act according to four principles: emphasizing mutual benefits, employees assuming responsibility for the actions of the company, companies having a sense of purpose or vision that employees value, and emphasizing fairness. The goal of this activity is to discuss ethical issues in human resource management.
Read each work situation, then correctly match it to the ethical concern it represents.
1. Right of freedom of speech
2. Right of privacy
3. Right of freedom of conscience
4. Right to due process
5. Right of free consent
Match each of the options above to the items below.
A. Mike, a new employee, was distressed to learn that he was expected to help with the illegal dumping of medical waste.
B. One of the important messages of HIPPA (the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) is the need to keep employee health records confidential.
C. Sharon complains because the employer hired her for the day shift, but now she is expected to work the midnight shift.
D. Many companies establish Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs), which offer employees many important benefits, including a complaint process so that employees will feel free to share their concerns.
E. Ed felt he was being demoted because of his age, not of his performance, so he asked for a meeting with the director of HR.
Answers
Answer:
Ethical Concerns in Human Resources
Matching Ethical Issues with Ethical Concerns:
A. Mike, a new employee, was distressed to learn that he was expected to help with the illegal dumping of medical waste.
3. Right of freedom of conscience
B. One of the important messages of HIPPA (the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) is the need to keep employee health records confidential.
2. Right of privacy
C. Sharon complains because the employer hired her for the day shift, but now she is expected to work the midnight shift.
5. Right of free consent
D. Many companies establish Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs), which offer employees many important benefits, including a complaint process so that employees will feel free to share their concerns.
1. Right of freedom of speech
E. Ed felt he was being demoted because of his age, not of his performance, so he asked for a meeting with the director of HR.
4. Right to due process
Explanation:
Data:
Ethical Concerns:
1. Right of freedom of speech
2. Right of privacy
3. Right of freedom of conscience
4. Right to due process
5. Right of free consent
b) Ethical principles:
Mutual benefits: This principle refers to equity in sharing benefits and costs.
Assumption of responsibility: This principle demands accountability with responsibility.
Having a sense of purpose or vision: This principle refers to the fulfilment of purpose that is considered reasonable by others.
Fairness: The principle requires the absence of favoritism and discrimination.
Shelton, Inc. has sales of $435,000, costs of $216,000, depreciation expense of $40,000, interest expense of $21,000, and a tax rate of 35 percent. What is the net income for the firm? Suppose the company paid out #30,000 in cash dividends. What is the addition to retained earnings?
Answers
Answer:
a. Net income = $107,200
b. Addition to retained earnings = $72,700
Explanation:
a. What is the net income for the firm?
Net income which also referred to a s net earnings is estimated by deducting cost of goods sold, selling and distribution expenses, administrative expenses, depreciation expenses, interest expenses, taxes, and other relevant expenses from sales.
b. What is the addition to retained earnings?
Addition to retained earnings is obtained by deducting the cash dividends from the net income.
For this question, the net income and addition to retained earnings can be calculated by preparing an income statement as follows:
Shelton, Inc.
Income Statement
For the year ....
Particulars $
Sales 435,000
Costs of sales (216,000)
Gross profit 219,000
Depreciation expense (40,000)
Interest expense (21,000)
Income before tax 158,000
Tax ($158,000 * 35%) (55.300)
Net income 102,700
Cash dividends (30,000)
Addition to retained earnings 72,700
Therefore, Net income is $107,200, and addition to retained earnings is $72,700.
Entrepreneurs generally think differently about resources than do employee-managers in which of the following ways?
Answers
Managers want larger budgets; entrepreneurs work to do more with less.
How do entrepreneurs approach resources differently from employee-managers?Entrepreneurs have a distinct mindset when it comes to resources compared to employee-managers. While managers often seek larger budgets to accomplish their goals, entrepreneurs tend to focus on doing more with less.
This difference in perspective stems from the inherent nature of entrepreneurship which involves taking calculated risks and maximizing efficiency in resource allocation.
Entrepreneurs understand that resources, such as capital, time, and manpower, are limited and valuable. They recognize that acquiring substantial budgets may not always be feasible, especially in the early stages of a venture.
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Answer each of the following independent questions.
1. Alex Meir recently won a lottery and has the option of receiving one of the following three prizes: (1) $64,000 cash immediately, (2) $20,000 cash immediately and a six-period annuity of $8,000 beginning one year from today, or (3) a six-period annuity of $13,000 beginning one year from today. Assuming an interest rate of 6%, which option should Alex choose?
2. The Weimer Corporation wants to accumulate a sum of money to repay certain debts due on December 31, 2025. Weimer will make annual deposits of $100,000 into a special bank account at the end of each of 10 years beginning December 31, 2016. Assuming that the bank account pays 7% interest compounded annually, what will be the fund balance after the last payment is made on December 31, 2025?
Answers
Answer:
option 1
$1,381,644.80
Explanation:
Alex would choose the option that has the highest present value
Present value is the sum of discounted cash flows
Present value can be calculated using a financial calculator
pv of option 2
Cash flow in year 0 = 20,000
Cash flow in year 1 - 6 = $8,000
i = 6%
PV = 59,338.60
OPTION 3
Cash flow in year 1 - 6 = 13,000
i - 6%
pv = 63,925.22
option 1 has the highest present value and should be chosen
To find the PV using a financial calculator:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. after inputting all the cash flows, press the NPV button, input the value for I, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
3. Press compute
2.
future value of an annuity = Annual payment x annuity factor
Annuity factor = {[(1+r)^n] - 1} / r
(1.07^10 - 1 ) / 0.07 = 13.816448
13.816448 x 100,000 = $1,381,644.80
Braxton's Cleaning Company stock is selling for $35.50 per share based on a required return of 11.2 percent. What is the the next annual dividend if the growth rate in dividends is expected to be 3.6 percent indefinitely?
Answers
Answer:
The next annual dividend is $2.70
Explanation:
The computation of the next annual dividend is shown below:
= Selling price of a stock × ( Expected rate of return - growth rate)
= $35.50 per share × (11.2% - 3.6%)
= $35.50 per share × 7.6%
= $2.70
Hence, the next annual dividend is $2.70
We simply applied the above formula
And, the same is to be considered
7. What is not an example of a spending mistake?
A Paying only the minimum payments on your credit card each month.
B Spending more than you make.
C Paying all of your bills on time. W
D Paying your cable bill late.
Answers
Need help ASAP.
What is the month interest payment for an account with a balance of $500.00 and an A.P.R. of 18%?
A. $41.67
B. $7.50
C. $27.78
D. $90.00
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
I did this one
As we go from home operation to international operations, we can potentially receive a _______, but we can also see our ______ increase
Answers
As we go from home operation to international operations, we can potentially receive a rise in our costs, but we can also see our profits increase. This is about business expansion.
What is business expansion?
When a company reaches a certain point in its growth and starts looking for new ways to increase profits, that stage is known as business expansion.
Managing business growth or development is a challenge that successful firms and startups alike eventually encounter.
It is to be noted that while business expansion comes with possible potential increases in profit and net worth, incurring additional costs is a certainty.
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What is the function of the evaporator?
Answers
Answer:
The evaporation of water is a physical process by which water changes from a liquid state to a gaseous state or water vapor. This process takes place on the surface of the water from a certain temperature and until the space is saturated with steam.
Which of these describes what can happen with an adjustable-rate mortgage?
A. The annual fees decrease each year as the loan gets closer to being paid off.
B. The percentage paid on property goes up or down from year to year.
C. The amount of principal owed on the mortgage changes as the housing market changes.
D. The monthly mortgage payments go up or down from year to year.
Answers
Answer:
The monthly mortgage payments go up or down from year to year.
Explanation:
In the adjustable-rate mortgage, monthly mortgage payments go up or down from year to year.
What is mortgage?A mortgage is often known as a mortgage loan. It is a contract between the borrower and a mortgage lender that permits the borrower to buy or refinance a home without having to pay the entire amount upfront.
Monthly mortgage payments on an adjustable-rate mortgage fluctuate from year to year according to the payment of installments of the mortgage.
Therefore, option D is correct.
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What factors do you think differentiate good decision makers from poor ones?
Relate your answer to the six-step rational decision-making model.
Answers
Answer:
Effective decision-makers are distinguished from poor ones by several factors. Firstly, good decision-makers have the ability to gather and analyze information effectively. They can identify relevant information and take the necessary time to carefully evaluate and consider it before making a decision.
Another crucial factor is the capacity to think critically and objectively. Good decision-makers can analyze all sides of an issue, consider multiple perspectives, and detect biases or assumptions that may be influencing their thinking.
Using the six-step rational decision-making model is another skill of good decision-makers. They can identify the problem, gather information, identify alternatives, evaluate alternatives, choose the best alternative, and implement the decision. They move systematically through each step of the model, taking the necessary time to consider all options and weigh the potential outcomes before making a decision.
Lastly, good decision-makers can effectively communicate their decisions and the reasoning behind them to others. They can articulate their ideas clearly and persuasively and are open to feedback and are willing to consider different perspectives.
In conclusion, good decision-makers possess skills such as gathering and analyzing information, thinking critically and objectively, using a systematic decision-making model and communicating effectively with others. These abilities enable them to make well-informed and effective decisions that lead to positive outcomes.
Hope it helps! : )Which of the following best describes how subject lines should be created
Answers
The sentence that best describes how subject lines should be created is C) Bias-free language avoids words and phrases that unfairly stigmatize people.
What are subject lines?When recipients receive an email from someone especially from an organization, then the subject line serves as the first single-line text they see after the sender's name.
It should be noted that the The sender's name, the subject line, as well as the preview text are the first three items that would be seen in an email when it arrives in the inbox before it is been clicked open for the receiver of the message.
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complete question;
Which of the following best describes bias-free language?
A) Bias-free language is often unethical.
B) Bias-free language makes the user sound prejudiced.
C) Bias-free language avoids words and phrases that unfairly stigmatize people.
D) Bias-free language supports the stereotypes and prejudices that it reflects.
E) Bias-free language communicates from the audience's point of view and generally supports the audience's interests and preferences.
Wesley and Victor have been dating for the past 6 months. A few weeks ago, Victor told Wesley he was no longer interested in him romantically. Crushed, Wesley continues to try to win Victor back. He often hangs around Victor’s desk, brings up past arguments they have had, and asks to meet with him after work. If his behavior continues, his behavior could become:
Answers
Answer:
depression or maybe social anxiety?
Explanation:
Given that Victor has told Wesley that he is no longer interested romantically, if he continues to try to hang around him and bringing up arguments his behavior could become annoying and obsessive.
What is obsessive behavior?These are the behaviors that makes people to behave in compulsive and also repetitive ways.
This behavior is here because Victor has already broken up with Wesley but Wesley still carries on like they are in a relationship.
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There is demand for and supply of dollars and a demand for and supply of pesos. Under a flexible exchange rate system, if income growth in the United States is greater than income growth in Mexico, then the
Answers
Answer:
There is demand for and supply of dollars and a demand for and supply of pesos. Under a flexible exchange rate system, if income growth in the United States is greater than income growth in Mexico, then the dollar would increase its value over the peso.
Explanation:
Given that in the situation in question the quantities supplied and demanded of both currencies remain stable, in principle there should be no valuation of one over the other for reasons of supply and demand.
Now, since the economic growth in the United States that sustains the value of the dollar is greater than that growth in Mexico that sustains the value of the peso, the greater the value of the dollar in international markets. This will necessarily imply a higher valuation of the American currency, which will widen the gap in the exchange rate with respect to the peso, which instead will remain stable in global markets.
Kate was turned down for a job because of a bad credit report. The creditor is required to give her the name of the credit bureau that supplied the report, according to
the:
Fair Credit Reporting Act.
Fair Credit Billing Act.
Truth in Lending Law.
Equal Credit Opportunity Act
Answers
The creditor is required to give Kate the name of the credit bureau that supplied the report under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). The FCRA is a federal law that regulates the collection, use, and disclosure of consumer credit information. Under the FCRA, creditors are required to provide consumers with a copy of their credit report upon request. They are also required to provide consumers with the name and address of each credit bureau that has provided them with a report within the past two years.
The other laws you mentioned are also important, but they do not specifically address the issue of providing consumers with the name of the credit bureau that supplied their report. The Fair Credit Billing Act (FCBA) regulates the billing practices of creditors and credit card companies. The Truth in Lending Law (TILA) requires lenders to disclose certain information to borrowers, such as the annual percentage rate (APR) and the total amount of interest that will be charged on a loan. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) prohibits creditors from discriminating against borrowers on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or because they receive income from a public assistance program.
How To Find The Best Luxury Portable Restrooms In Sacrament
Answers
Research reliable agencies with tremendous opinions, lots of restroom options, and exact customer support. Ask for referrals and reach out for a quote.
To locate the great luxury transportable restrooms in Sacramento, you can start with the aid of learning from reputable corporations specializing in luxurious transportable restroom rentals. Look for groups with nice purchaser opinions and quite a few restroom alternatives to pick from. Consider factors along with the restroom's length, amenities, and cleanliness.
You also can ask for referrals from pals, a circle of relatives, or event planners who've used luxurious portable restrooms in the past. Once you have got a listing of ability agencies, attain out to them to talk about your desires and obtain a quote.
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if i move will my IP address change??
Answers
Answer:
yes it will change.
Explanation:
Case: Making Difficult Decisions in Hard Times
Read and discuss the following scenario:
You are on the top management team of a medium-size company that manufactures cardboard boxes,
containers, and other cardboard packaging materials. Your company is facing increasing levels of
competition for major corporate customer accounts, and profits have declined significantly. You have tried
everything you can to cut costs and remain competitive, with the exception of laying off employees. Your
company has had a no-layoff policy for the past 20 years, and you believe it is an important part of the
organization’s culture. However, you are experiencing mounting pressure to increase your firm’s
performance, and your no-layoff policy has been questioned by shareholders.
Even though you haven’t decided whether to lay off employees and thus break with a 20-year tradition for
your company, rumors are rampant in your organization that something is afoot, and employees are worried.
You are meeting today to address this problem.
Tasks to perform:
1. Develop a list of options and potential courses of action to address the heightened competition and decline
in profitability that your company has been experiencing.
2. Choose your preferred course of action, and justify why you will take this route.
3. Describe how you will communicate your decision to employees.
4. If your preferred option involves a layoff, justify why. If it doesn’t involve a layoff, explain why.
Organizational culture comprises the shared set of beliefs, expectations, values, norms, and work routines
that influence how members of an organization relate to one another and work together to achieve
organizational goals.
In essence, organizational culture reflects the distinctive ways in which organizational members perform
their jobs and relate to others inside and outside the organization. It may, for example, be how customers in a
particular hotel chain are treated from the time they are greeted at check-in until they leave; or it may be the
shared work routines that research teams use to guide new product development. When organizational
members share an intense commitment to cultural values, beliefs, and routines and use them to achieve their
goals, a strong organizational culture exists. When organizational members are not strongly committed to a
shared system of values, beliefs, and routines, organizational culture is weak.
/
/
/
Tasks to perform:
1. Develop a list of options and potential courses of action to address the heightened competition and decline
in profitability that your company has been experiencing.
2. Choose your preferred course of action, and justify why you will take this route.
3. Describe how you will communicate your decision to employees.
4. If your preferred option involves a layoff, justify why. If it doesn’t involve a layoff, explain why.
Answers
Answer:
c because I did this one an I chose a but it was c
Evaluate the argument of Meredith in this case.
Are her claims valid? Was she treated fairly in this case? Why or why not?
Answers
In this situation, Meredith claims that her employer treated her unfairly. She argues that she should be reimbursed for missed salary and benefits because she was fired without reason and without prior notice.
The things Meredith says are true. An employee cannot be let go by an employer without justification or advance notice. Meredith was most likely treated unfairly in this situation, therefore. She might be qualified for financial support for her lost benefits and salary.
Meredith ought to speak with a lawyer about her legal alternatives. She can seek legal remedies that may be available with the assistance of a lawyer, who can also advise her on the best course of action and help her understand her rights and obligations.
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Precision Systems manufactures CD burners and currently sells 18,500 units annually to producers of laptop computers. Jay Wilson, president of the company, anticipates a 15 percent increase in the cost per unit of direct labor on January 1 of next year. He expects all other costs and expenses to remain unchanged. Wilson has asked you to assist him in developing the information he needs to formulate a reasonable product strategy for next year.
You are satisfied that volume is the primary factor affecting costs and expenses and have separated the semivariable costs into their fixed and variable segments. Beginning and ending inventories remain at a level of 1,000 units. Current plant capacity is 20,000 units. The following are the current-year data assembled for your analysis.
Sales price per unit $100
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials $10
Direct labor $20
Manufacturing overhead and selling and administrative expenses 30 60
Contribution margin per unit (40%) $40
Fixed costs $390,000
Required:
a. What increase in the selling price is necessary to cover the 15 percent increase in direct labor cost and still maintain the current contribution margin ratio of 40 percent?
b. How many units must be sold to maintain the current operating income of $350,000 if the sales price remains at $100 and the 15 percent wage increase goes into effect?
c. Wilson believes that an additional $700,000 of machinery (to be depreciated at 20 percent annually) will increase present capacity (20,000 units) by 25 percent. If all units produced can be sold at the present price of $100 per unit and the wage increase goes into effect, how would the estimated operating income before capacity is increased compare with the estimated operating income after capacity is increased? Prepare schedules of estimated operating income at full capacity before and after the expansion.
Answers
a. An increase of $20 per unit is necessary to cover the 15 percent increase in direct labor cost and maintain the desired contribution margin ratio.
b.The fixed costs and desired operating income remain the same, so the contribution margin per unit of $40 is used. The required sales volume is 18,500 units.
c. The estimated operating income after capacity expansion can be determined by increasing the production and sales volume by 25 percent, i.e., 23,125 units
a. To maintain the current contribution margin ratio of 40 percent, the selling price per unit needs to be increased by 20 percent [(15 percent wage increase) / (current contribution margin ratio)].
Therefore, an increase of $20 per unit is necessary to cover the 15 percent increase in direct labor cost and maintain the desired contribution margin ratio.
b. To maintain the current operating income of $350,000, the number of units that must be sold can be calculated using the contribution margin ratio.
The fixed costs and desired operating income remain the same, so the contribution margin per unit of $40 is used. The formula for calculating the required sales volume is:
(Number of units) = (Fixed costs + Desired operating income) / Contribution margin per unit
Plugging in the values, we have:
(Number of units) = ($390,000 + $350,000) / $40 = 18,500 units
c. Before the capacity expansion, the estimated operating income can be calculated using the current production and sales volume of 18,500 units.
The estimated operating income after capacity expansion can be determined by increasing the production and sales volume by 25 percent, i.e., 23,125 units.
The schedules of estimated operating income at full capacity before and after the expansion can be prepared by multiplying the respective sales volumes with the contribution margin per unit and subtracting the fixed costs and the wage increase.
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The following table shows a money demand schedule, which is the quantity of money demanded at various price levels (P). Fill in the Value of Money column in the following table. Price Level (P) Value of Money (1/P) Quantity of Money Demanded (Billions of dollars) 1.00 2.0 1.33 2.5 2.00 4.0 4.00 8.0
Answers
The Value of Money column in the given table represents the inverse relationship between the price level (P) and the value of money.
As the price level increases, the value of money decreases, and as the price level decreases, the value of money increases. This is reflected in the table as the value of money (1/P) decreases as the price level increases.For example, at a price level of 1.00, the value of money is 1/1.00 = 1.00. As the price level increases to 2.50, the value of money decreases to 1/2.50 = 0.40. This means that at a price level of 2.50, each dollar is worth only 40 cents in terms of purchasing power compared to a price level of 1.00.The quantity of money demanded (in billions of dollars) also varies with the price level, with higher price levels leading to higher demand for money.
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