Lactoferrin and transferrin are used by the body to bind iron, keeping it from microbes that might otherwise colonize. Pathogenic microbes get around this limitation by doing which of the following?
Producing their own iron binding molecules known as siderophores
Stripping the iron bound to lactoferrin/transferrin molecules
Answers
Lactoferrin and transferrin are proteins that the body uses to bind iron, preventing microbes from colonizing it. Pathogenic microbes circumvent this restriction by synthesizing their own iron-binding molecules known as siderophores and removing the iron-bound lactoferrin/transferrin molecules.
Lactoferrin, as known or named at another time or place as lactotransferrin, is a multifunctional protein of the transferrin kin. Lactoferrin helps manage by what method well iron is absorbed into the party from the entrails. It still appears to protect against contaminations from microorganisms, viruses, and fungi.
The lactoferrin in breastmilk is hoped to help keep feelings-fed babies against contaminations. A Pathogenic microbe is an animal that is worthy of precipitating afflictions in a host (woman). The World Health Organization (WHO) listed hazards that concede the possibility show in drink potentially hurtful microorganisms, viruses, poisons, barnacles, and chemicals.
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Related Questions
Which characteristic listed below is most unique to plants?
Select one:
a.
Plants are heterotrophs.
b.
Plants undergo photosynthesis.
c.
Plants are multi-cellular.
d.
Plants are composed of eukaryotic cells.
Answers
Answer:
Plants are composed of eukaryotic cells.
Explanation:
Eukaryotic cells (as opposed to prokaryotic cells) have internal, membrane-bound organelles and a distinct nucleus that physically separates the genetic material of the cell from the all of the other parts of the cell. All protists, fungi, plants, and animals are composed of eukaryotic cells.
The characteristic that is most unique to plants is that they undergo the process of photosynthesis. Thus, the correct option for this question is B.
What is Photosynthesis?Photosynthesis may be defined as a type of process through which green plants and some photosynthetic algae synthesize their own food in the form of glucose with the help of carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.
The complete reaction of photosynthesis is as follows:
\(6CO_2+12H_2O\) → \(C_6H_1_2O_6+6O_2+6H_2O.\)Plants are eukaryotic in nature and have a double membrane cell organelle that is known as Chloroplast. These cell organelles have a green-colored pigment known as chlorophyll that captures the sunlight and converts it into chemical form and accomplishes the process of photosynthesis.
Therefore, the characteristic that is most unique to plants is that they undergo the process of photosynthesis. Thus, the correct option for this question is B.
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according to the fluid mosaic model,plasma membrane are mainly composed of phospholipids and proteins.Explain how structures S and T play the roles in the plasma membrane,which function as a selective barrier. please help me with this question
Answers
Answer:
The plasma membrane is a thin layer of lipid molecules that surrounds the cell and separates the inside from the outside. The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a two-layered structure of phospholipids with embedded proteins. This model explains how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to act as a selective barrier, regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Structure S in the plasma membrane is represented by the phospholipids, which form a lipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outwards and hydrophobic tails facing inwards. The hydrophilic heads are in contact with the extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid while the hydrophobic tails are in the middle of the membrane. The phospholipid bilayer provides a barrier that separates the inside and outside of the cell, restricting the movement of hydrophilic and large molecules through the membrane while allowing the passage of small and hydrophobic molecules.
Structure T represents the integral membrane proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer. These proteins have different functions, such as transport of molecules, cell signaling, and catalyzing chemical reactions. The proteins also contribute to the selective permeability of the membrane by regulating the movement of specific molecules in and out of the cell. For example, channels and carrier proteins regulate the movement of ions and larger molecules through the membrane while receptor proteins receive signals from the outside of the cell and relay them to the inside of the cell.
In summary, the plasma membrane is mainly composed of phospholipids and proteins according to the fluid mosaic model. The phospholipids form a lipid bilayer that acts as a barrier, while the proteins embedded in the bilayer regulate the selective permeability of the membrane by facilitating the movement of specific molecules in and out of the cell.
Explanation:
Primary consumers, herbivores that
feed on plants, are found on what
level of an energy pyramid?
A) first
B) Second
C) Fourth
Answers
Ans
C) fourth
Explanation:
I took ap environmental science and we leaned this
the head of the humerus fits into the ________ of the scapula.
Answers
The joint most people picture as the shoulder is the glenohumeral joint. A shallow cup-shaped socket (glenoid) in the scapula and a ball (head) at the top of the humerus fit together to form the joint, allowing for a large range of motion.
What is Shoulder Anatomy?Scapula, which is the shoulder blade, clavicle, and humerus are the three bones that make up the shoulder (upper arm bone). The acromioclavicular joint, where the highest point of the scapula (acromion) meets the clavicle, and the glenohumeral joint allow the shoulder to move.The smooth, elastic cartilage that covers the surfaces of the bones where the ball and socket meet allows the joint to move freely and absorbs trauma.The shallow shoulder socket necessitates a reliance on the soft tissues around it to support the joint and keep the parts secured. In order to construct a protective capsule that is lined with a thin membrane known as the synovium, many of these soft tissues surround the joint.For the purpose of lubricating and cushioning the joint, the synovium secretes a fluid called synovial fluid.The labrum, a fibrous ring of cartilage that surrounds the glenoid, or shoulder socket, creates a deeper socket for the ball to stabilize the joint. The rotator cuff is a network of muscles and tendons that covers the top of the humerus, or upper arm bone, to hold it in place and allow the arm to rotate. The deltoid, the shoulder's largest and strongest muscle, gives the arm the strength to lift.the forearm may rotate and the elbow can bend thanks to the biceps muscle, which is attached to the biceps tendon that originates at the top of the shoulder socket.To Learn more About shoulder refer to:
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In the Novel: The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks in the Week 5 Learning Activities. Christoph Lengauer makes an analogy stating that cells should be treated with the same value as oil. He states, "Why not treat valuable cells like oil? When you find oil on somebody's property, it doesn't automatically belong to them, but they do get a portion of the profits." This excerpt from the novel raises some ethical issues to be examined.
What contemporary ethics and laws in health care practice do Lengauer’s views go against?
Answers
Obtaining human cells for research or commercial purposes without the informed consent of the individual
What is the ethics?Patient autonomy is the term used to describe a person's ability to make choices regarding their own body and medical care. By suggesting that individuals should not have complete control over their cells and should not be the exclusive recipients of any revenues generated from them, Lengauer's analogy undercuts patient autonomy.
The ownership of human tissue is a topic of continuing discussion and is governed by several legal systems. Individuals typically have legal rights over their own cells and tissues. In Lengauer's comparison, the ownership rights of individuals over their cells appear to be disregarded.
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the mammalian digestive tract has been called an extension of the outside world that you enclose in your body what does this statement mean
Answers
The human GI tract has an average length of about 5 m and extends from the mouth to the anus in mammals. 17 The buccal cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine are the macroscopic compartments that are divided from one another by sphincters.
Is the digestive system considered to be external to the body?
Due to its open ends—the mouth and anus—which are both to the outside world—the alimentary canal is regarded as existing outside of the body. The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines are all included in the canal.
Which of the following best describes how the digestive system works?
Digestion and absorption are the two functions of the digestive system. Food is broken down into small molecules during digestion, and these molecules are then absorbed by the body.
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What is the purpose of the plasma membrane?
makes food for the cell
reproduces cells
encloses specific structures
keeps the cell small
Answers
When did people first know about archaebacteria?
A. 1999
B. 1988
C. 1977
D. 1966
Answers
Answer:
1977 is when people first knew about archaebacteria
Answer:
it was actually discovered in 1922
they didnt know what it actually was until 1977.
C.1977
Explanation:
Which is one way that analyzing ice benefits scientists who study ancient climates? Scientists can analyze frozen volcanic dust to help predict eruptions. Scientists can drill deep into the ice to collect ice cores. Scientists can use pollen grains in ice to make inferences about the climate area. Scientists can study tree rings in ice to learn more about past climates.
Answers
Answer:
Scientists can drill deep into the ice to collect ice cores.
Explanation:
Ice cores refers to cylinders of ice drilled from ice sheets and glaciers in Greenland, Antarctica as well as high mountain.
Ice cores are recovered from using drills which help to collect ice cores from ice.
This allow scientist to drill deep into the ice to collect ice cores to know past climates.
The layers in ice cores indicates to years and seasons.
The youngest ice is normally at the top , followed by the younger one and the the older ice is ways at the bottom.
Answer:
B. Scientists can drill deep into the ice to collect ice cores.
Explanation:
Does the parent cell divide once or twice in mitosis?.
Answers
Answer:
Cells undergoing mitosis just divide once because they are forming two new genetically identical cells where as in meiosis cells require two sets of divisions because they need to make the cell a haploid cell which only has half of the total number of chromosomes.
Explanation:
what process is most closely associated with the regulation of water loss from the leaves of trees
Answers
Answer:
It is transpiration
Explanation:
In botany ,a plant loss water mainly through the stomata of leaves
How are the terms ovum, zygote, and embryo related?
Answers
Answer:
ovum fusing with sperm will give zygote (fertilization)
The zygote later on develops to an embryo in the womb after implantation.
What are the factors that affecting optimal foraging Behaviour?
Answers
Optimal foraging behavior is influenced by several factors, including the availability and distribution of prey, the energy required to obtain food, and the presence of predators.
The availability and distribution of prey can impact foraging behavior, as animals may need to search for food in different areas or adapt their feeding behavior to suit different types of prey. The energy required to obtain food is also an important factor, as animals will often choose the most energy-efficient method of obtaining food in order to conserve energy. The presence of predators can also affect foraging behavior, as animals may need to balance the benefits of obtaining food with the risks of being caught by a predator. Finally, the social and environmental context of the animal can also play a role in foraging behavior, as animals may need to compete with conspecifics for food or adapt their foraging behavior to suit the specific environmental conditions they are facing.
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describe what test crosses are used for and how are they carried out. be able to use test cross data to determine genotypes.
Answers
When a person with an unknown genotype is bred with a homozygous recessive genotype—the recessive parental variety—testcrosses are used. Recessive phenotypic manifestation.
A person with a dominant phenotype could be homozygous dominant, which means they have two copies of the dominant allele, or they could only have one copy of each dominant and recessive allele (heterozygous dominant). One can identify whether a person is homozygous dominant or heterozygous dominant by doing a test cross.
In a test cross, the subject individual is crossed with a partner that carries the recessive trait homozygously, and the offspring of the cross are evaluated. The allele that the homozygous recessive individual passes on determines the phenotypic of the children since the homozygous recessive individual can only pass on recessive alleles.
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What is somatic and examples?.
Answers
The main purpose of the somatic nervous system is to connect the central nervous system with the body's muscles to balance voluntary movements and reflex arcs.
Here is an example: You are out for a jog in the park one brisk winter morning. As you run, you spot a patch of slick ice on the path ahead.
This pressure system brings dry, clear skies.high pressurelow pressurestationary pressurecold pressure
Answers
High-pressure systems are often linked with light winds at the surface and sinking in the lower troposphere.
Subsidence, in general, will dry out an air mass through adiabatic or compressional heating. High pressure areas are known as anticyclones, while low pressure areas are known as cyclones or depressions. Each brings with it its own set of weather patterns. Anticyclones often produce stable, fine weather with clear skies, whereas depressions produce cloudier, wetter, windier conditions. As a result, high pressure usually means clear sky. A low pressure system has lower pressure in its center than in the surroundings. Winds blow towards low pressure, causing air to ascend in the atmosphere where they collide. The water vapor in the air condenses as it rises.
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Zara had a birthday and was able to choose a pet. The pet that she chose was a beautiful clownfish named Bozo, a common salt water fish. Zara already has a tank with goldfish at home. Use your knowledge of diffusion & osmosis to tell Zara how to take care of Bozo.
Answers
Answer:
See the answer below
Explanation:
Zara should keep Bozo in a separate salt water-containing tank away from the goldfish.
Bozo is adapted to living in salt waters. If it is kept in saltless water like the goldfish, its cells would lyse and the fish may die. The saltless water would be hypotonic to the cells of Bozo and water moves osmotically from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential. Hence, the cells of Bozo would take-in water, become turgid, and may eventually lyse, leading to the death of the fish.
The goldfish cannot survive in salt water with Bozo because the water would be hypertonic to its cells. Hence, it will lose water to the surrounding salt water due to osmosis and may eventually die of dehydration.
Answer:
ratio
Explanation:
What does it mean if a
Moneran is an autotroph?
A. It can produce its own food.
B. It must eat other organisms to
survive.
C. It can only exist in outer space.
D. It is not a living thing.
Answers
Answer:
It can produce it's own food
Explanation:
Autotrophic organisms can synthesis their own food by using sunlight or any other sources of energy. If they use light , they are called photoautotrophs and if they use certain chemicals then they are called chemoautotrophs . Some examples of autotrophic bacteria are Anabaena, Nostoc, etc .Generally over 90% of all membrane phosphatidyl serine (PS) is found on the inner monolayers of the cell membrane. Which of the following explains this phenomenon ?
-the movement of phospholipids frol one monolayer to another is a very slow reaction despite the fact that it works with the concentration gradient
-under normal condotions within the cell, the activity of scramblase enzymes is relatively low and thus does not allow for movement between monolayers
Answers
Despite using concentration gradient, migration of phospholipids from one monolayer to another is relatively sluggish response. It is possible for phospholipids to migrate between bilayers without being catalyzed.
Monolayer movement is sluggish and cannot be depended upon to keep the asymmetry equilibrium. Instead, phospholipid transport across the bilayers is catalyzed by lipid translocator proteins. Phospholipids are transferred from the outside to the inner leaflet via flippases. Flippases primarily transport phosphatidylserine and to a lesser extent phosphatidylethanolamine to maintain the charge gradient across the membrane. Additionally, flippases facilitate the transfer of cholesterol from the intracellular to external monolayers.
Phospholipids, in particular the choline-derived phospholipids phospatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, are moved by flippases in the reverse direction. The majority of the time, ATP hydrolysis is required for these catalyzed motions. The scramblases are a third type of protein that interchange phospholipids between the two leaflets through a calcium-activated, ATP-independent mechanism.
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Do all scientific studies start with observations that lead to questions?
Answers
It is not mandatory that all scientific studies that start with observations that lead to questions. Scientific inquiries can be carried out in many different ways.
Scientific study is the combination of scientific theory, models, experiments as well as physical situations. These are the well planned studies that can be theoretical or experimental or both. A scientific study is the subject to logic and reasoning.
Observation is the act of carefully watching out for something and collecting information and data regarding it. Observations is amongst the most essential trait for successful scientific studies. Observations require the use of all human senses.
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how can alternative rna splicing result in different proteins derived from the same initial rna transcription
Answers
The alternative RNA splicing results in different proteins derived from the same initial RNA transcription introns/exons being read and chosen differently. Original RNA is spliced differently producing varying mRNA.
Alternative splicing can provide evolutionary flexibility. Single point mutations can result in the occasional exclusion or inclusion of specific exons from transcripts during splicing, allowing new protein isoforms to be generated without loss of the original protein.
Alternative splicing is a cellular process in which exons of the same gene are combined in different combinations to produce different but related mRNA transcripts. These mRNAs can be translated to produce different proteins with different structures and functions all from a single gene. Alternative splicing is a molecular mechanism that alters the pre-mRNA structure prior to translation.
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The red imported fire ant is an invasive species that has affected many native species in North America. Scientists wanted to see the effect of the fire ants on the survival of a certain kind of native bird. They treated nests of the bird with a chemical that kills the ants. They treated a different percentage of bird nests in different areas. In some areas, only 25% of the bird nests were treated with the chemical. In other areas, 100% of the bird nests were treated with the chemical.
The graph below shows the percent of birds surviving compared to the percentage of bird nests treated with the ant-killing chemical.
What conclusion about the effects of fire ants on the birds is best supported by the graph?
A.
The birds are more likely to survive when there are many fire ants, so the ants are likely outcompeting the birds for resources.
B.
The birds are more likely to survive when there are many fire ants, so the ants are likely providing resources for the birds.
C.
The birds are less likely to survive when there are many fire ants, so the ants are likely taking over the niche of the birds.
D.
The birds are less likely to survive when there are many fire ants, so the ants are likely predators of the birds.
Answers
ehhhhhhhh
ok
Explanation:
expression of a particular gene during development causes bone growth to stop sooner in vertebrae than in ribs in salamanders. this gene is acting as a , and its effects are an example of
Answers
Expression of a particular gene during development causes bone growth to stop sooner in vertebrae than in ribs in salamanders. This gene is acting as a repressor, and its effects are an example of differential gene expression.
Differential gene expression refers to the phenomenon whereby genes are expressed differently in different cell types, developmental stages, or environmental conditions. This allows for the specialization of cell types and the adaptation of organisms to different environments.
In the case of salamanders, the expression of a particular gene acts as a repressor, preventing bone growth in vertebrae before it occurs in ribs. This differential expression of the gene results in distinct bone structures in different parts of the body.
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(20 points) Aerobic cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria and uses oxygen to break down glucose. However, when cells need large amounts of energy and no oxygen is available, anaerobic respiration can take place in the cytoplasm. What is the difference in the products of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration?
Answers
Answer:
pretty sure its
Explanation:
URGENT!
In 1855 noted physician Rudolph Virchow concluded that cells come from preexisting cells. Which of the following scientific statements best supports this component of the cell theory?
A) Cells contain a certain type of organelle that releases the energy necessary to perform cellular activities.
B) Some organisms are composed of a single cell, while others are composed of billions of cells.
C) Some members of a species display a trait due to patterns of inheritance.
D)Chromosomes are copied during mitosis.
Answers
In 1855, noted physician Rudolph Virchow concluded that cells come from preexisting cells, and the one that is true is that chromosomes are copied during mitosis, which is option D.
What is cell theory?Rudolph Virchow's conclusion that cells come from preexisting cells supports the third component of the cell theory. Before Virchow's work, it was commonly believed that cells could arise spontaneously from non-living matter. However, Virchow's observations and experiments provided strong evidence that cells could only arise from preexisting cells. In the mid-1800s, Virchow studied cell division and observed that cells divide to form new cells. He proposed that cells could only come from other cells and that this process of cell division was responsible for the growth, development, and repair of living organisms.
Hence, the one that is true is that chromosomes are copied during mitosis, which is option D.
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The shadow zone exists due to the of seismic waves.
O A. reflection
O B. refraction
O C. absorption
OD. deletion
Answers
Answer:
B. refraction
Explanation: hope this helps!
The shadow zone exists due to the effect of seismic waves is the refraction. Thus, the correct option will be B.
What is Refraction?Refraction can be defined as the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another medium. The redirection of the waves in a medium can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium of wave.
Seismic waves are the waves which follow the same law of refraction at the compositional boundaries. If the seismic wave velocity in the rock below a boundary is increasing then, the waves will be refracted in the upward direction and this speed up relative to their original path of movement.
Therefore, the correct option will be B.
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Is nucleic acid an organic compound
Answers
Answer:
an organic compound
Explanation:
Look at the Map below. Which is the colony of Georgia?
D
C
A
B
Answers
Answer:
d
Explanation:
i love Georgia's peaches but to be honest i memorized the eastern half of USA
this structure secretes progesterone to promote the growth of the endometrium in preparation for implantation of a fertilized ovum.
Answers
The structure that secretes progesterone to promote the growth of the endometrium in preparation for implantation of a fertilized ovum is the corpus luteum.
The corpus luteum forms in the ovary after ovulation occurs. It develops from the remnants of the ovarian follicle that released the egg during ovulation. Once the egg is released, the remaining cells of the follicle transform into the corpus luteum under the influence of luteinizing hormone (LH).
The corpus luteum produces and secretes progesterone, which plays a crucial role in preparing the endometrium (lining of the uterus) for implantation. Progesterone helps thicken the endometrium, making it more receptive to the implantation of a fertilized egg. If fertilization and implantation occur, the corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone to support early pregnancy until the placenta takes over hormone production.
However, if fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will eventually degenerate, leading to a decrease in progesterone levels and the shedding of the endometrium during menstruation.
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the transversus abdominus muscle is innervated by the. intercostals nerves. the fibers of the illiocostalis muscle are divided into which three regions?
Answers
The correct statement is: The fibers of the Iliocostalis muscle are divided into which three regions? The transversus abdominis muscle is not innervated by the intercostal nerves. Instead, the transversus abdominis muscle is innervated by thoracoabdominal nerves.
The fibers of the Iliocostalis muscle are divided into three regions: cervicis, thoracis, and lumborum. The Iliocostalis muscle, also known as the erector spinae, is a muscle that is located in the back. The Iliocostalis muscle is a complex muscle that is made up of three muscle parts with different origins and functions.
The three parts are the Iliocostalis Lumborum, the Iliocostalis Thoracis, and the Iliocostalis Cervicis. These parts work together to help the body maintain proper posture and movement.
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