Legal Environment of Business
Read the landmark Heart of Atlanta Motel case on page 74. When you are done, explain: what the case was about; what the court decided and why; and then whether you agree with the decision and why.
CASE: Critical Legal Thinking Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States "One need only examine the evidence which we have discussed... to see that Congress may... prohibit racial discrimination by motels serving travelers, however 'local" their operations may appear." -Clark, Justice The Heart of Atlanta Motel, located in the state of Georgia, had 216 rooms available to guests. The motel was readily accessible to motorists using U.S. interstate highways 75 and 85 and Georgia state highways 23 and 41. The motel solicited patronage from outside the state of Georgia through various national advertising media, including magazines with national circulation. Approximately 75 percent of the motel's registered guests were from out of state. The Heart of Atlanta Motel refused to rent rooms to blacks. Congress enacted the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which made it illegal for motels, hotels, and other public accommodations to discriminate against guests based on their race. After the act was passed, the Heart of Atlanta Motel continued to refuse to rent rooms to blacks. The owner-operator of the motel brought an action in U.S. district court, Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, to have the Civil Rights Act of 1964 declared unconstitutional. The plaintiff argued that Congress, in passing the act, had exceeded its powers to regulate interstate commerce under the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court held that the provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that prohibited discrimination in accommodations were constitutional as a proper exercise of the commerce power of the federal government. The U.S. Supreme Court stated, The power of Congress over interstate commerce is not confined to the regulation of commerce among the states. It extends to those activities intrastate which so affect interstate commerce or the exercise of the power of Congress over it as to make regulation of them appropriate means to the attainment of a legitimate end, the exercise of the granted power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce. Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, 379 U.S. 241, 85 S.Ct. 348, 1964 U.S. Lexis 2187 (Supreme Court of the United States)
Answers
The Supreme Court ruled that the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited racial discrimination in public accommodations, was constitutional under the Commerce Clause. This decision was a crucial step in promoting equality and ending racial discrimination in America.
Heart of Atlanta Motel case
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States was a significant case heard by the Supreme Court of the United States. The landmark case focused on the legality of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which aimed to outlaw discrimination in hotels and motels. The act required places of public accommodation to provide services to all people irrespective of their race or color. The Heart of Atlanta Motel in Georgia refused to rent rooms to African American individuals, claiming that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was unconstitutional.
The Court’s Ruling
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Congress was within its authority to enact the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and make it illegal for hotels, motels, and other places of public accommodation to discriminate against guests based on their race. The motel’s owner-operator argued that Congress had surpassed its powers in passing the act under the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution. However, the Court held that the provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited discrimination in accommodations, were constitutional as an appropriate exercise of the commerce power of the federal government.
The Court argued that the power of Congress over interstate commerce extended to intrastate activities that could affect interstate commerce. The Court further argued that regulation was an appropriate means to attain a legitimate goal, which was the exercise of the granted power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce. Therefore, the Court held that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a constitutional measure.
I agree with the Court’s decision in the case because the act was meant to promote equality, and it was a crucial step in the struggle for civil rights in America. Discrimination based on race is unacceptable and goes against the values of democracy. Therefore, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a necessary intervention to end racial discrimination in public places.
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Related Questions
how can we make sure animal shelters have food and space
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Answer:We can donate money or raise a fundraiser to get all the dogs who are in the shelter into a forever home or we can adopt a pet so there will be more space for a new dog to come.
Explanation:
A
manager of a retailing firm says that he can lower his operating
leverage by renting his stores rather than buying. Would you
suggest this? Explain.
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Renting stores can lower operating leverage by reducing fixed costs, but it also involves considering the potential drawbacks of long-term rental costs and limited control. The manager should carefully evaluate these factors before making a decision.
1. Operating leverage refers to the extent to which fixed costs are present in a company's cost structure. It measures the sensitivity of a company's profits to changes in sales volume. Higher operating leverage means a larger proportion of fixed costs, which can lead to higher potential profits but also higher risk.
2. Renting stores instead of buying reduces fixed costs in the form of property ownership and maintenance expenses. By renting, the manager can avoid upfront costs associated with purchasing properties and ongoing costs related to property upkeep, repairs, and property taxes.
3. However, renting stores may come with certain disadvantages. The manager needs to consider factors such as long-term rental costs, the possibility of rent increases over time, and the potential for limited control over the store's location and design. Moreover, if the retailing firm experiences a significant increase in sales volume, the rented stores may become insufficient, leading to the need for additional rental space.
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As an ammunition supervisor, you receive an urgent Notice of Ammunition Reclassification (NAR). It must be
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As an ammunition supervisor, you receive an urgent Notice of Ammunition Reclassification (NAR). It must be given the highest priority.
As the ammunition supervisor, I acknowledge receipt of the urgent Notice of Ammunition Reclassification (NAR) and recognize its paramount importance. The reclassification demands immediate and rigorous attention to ensure compliance with safety protocols, accurate inventory records, and swift execution of necessary procedures.
Our team will promptly initiate the required actions, prioritizing the secure handling, tracking, and reporting of reclassified ammunition. Safety and precision remain our foremost concerns as we address this critical matter, safeguarding both personnel and operational integrity. We are fully committed to executing this reclassification with the highest level of urgency, professionalism, and adherence to established guidelines.
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To deal effectively with turbulent competitive dynamics, an organization should first focus on _____.
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An organization should focus on their strengths, market positioning, customer service, technology, and employees in order to deal effectively with turbulent competitive dynamics. This will enable the organization to stay relevant in the market and improve their competitiveness.
To deal effectively with turbulent competitive dynamics, an organization should first focus on their strengths, market positioning, customer service, technology, and employees.
An organization should focus on the following things in order to deal effectively with turbulent competitive dynamics
1. Strengths: An organization should determine their strengths and weaknesses and capitalize on their strengths.
2. Market positioning: An organization should evaluate their position in the market, determine where they stand in the market and find ways to differentiate themselves.
3. Customer service: An organization should improve customer service as it has a great impact on customers. Satisfied customers are more likely to stay loyal and purchase the company’s products again.
4. Technology: An organization should adopt new technology to stay relevant and improve their processes.
5. Employees: An organization should hire skilled employees, train them regularly, and keep them motivated. This will improve their performance and their morale.
Therefore, an organization should focus on their strengths, market positioning, customer service, technology, and employees in order to deal effectively with turbulent competitive dynamics. This will enable the organization to stay relevant in the market and improve their competitiveness.
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In pure competition, producers compete exclusively on the basis of
a. selling identical items.
b. advertising heavily to promote their good.
c. producing the unique features of their good.
d. focusing on maintaining a positive image.
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Answer:
a. selling identical items.
Explanation:
A pure competition market is characterized by many firms selling a homogeneous product in a market with many buyers. There are no dominant suppliers; hence no single or group of sellers can influence the price. Pure competition is also the perfect competition.
The key characteristics of pure competition are
There are many buyers and sellersAll firms sell an identical productAll sellers are price takers. None can influence pricesThere is intense competition due to the high number of sellersEase of entry and exit from the market.A. selling identical items.
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If a company reported total sales of $59,919, cost of goods sold of $21,112, gross income of $38,807, operating expenses of $18,005 and a gross profit ratio of 65%, what was the company's operating income? (Round to the nearest dollar)
a) -$18,005
b) $20,802
c) $25,225
d) $38,807
Answers
Answer:
$20, 802
Explanation:
Operating income is the income after deducting the operating expenses. It is gross profit minus operating expenses.
Operating income is also known as operating income. It is also called earnings before interest and Taxes EBIT because it is operating income less operating expenses, excluding taxes and interest.
Operating income is calculated using the formula.
Gross profit -operating expenses = operating income
i.e,. Total sales- COGS -operating expenses = operating income
operating income =$59,919 - $21,112, -$18,005
Operating income = $20, 802
The employees at Mike Boyle Strength and Conditioning seem to be high performers. Consider the equation: P = M x A x E Which factor seems to be emphasized in the video as being important when discussing why the employees are high performers?
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The returns of the stock index fund and the returns of the corporate bond fund are inversely correlated.
How is it determined?The returns of the stock index fund and the returns of the corporate bond fund are correlated by 0.30.
Your friend matteo currently has a portfolio that invests $40,000 in the risk-free asset and $60,000 in a portfolio of risky assets that are equally divided between stocks and bonds.
What is the corporate bond fund's risk?Corporate bond funds have a low credit risk because the AAA credit rating indicates the highest level of safety. Since a credit default, in which the issuer fails to pay interest or principal, can result in a loss that lasts a lifetime, credit risk is an important factor to take into account when investing in fixed income securities.
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influences of Business environment,
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Factors that Influence the business environment are :
Economic environmentSocial environmentTechnological environmentPolitical environmentLegal environment
The business environment means the total of all the individuals, and institutions that could affect the working of the business firm.
Importance of business environment:
Business environments help the firm to prepare itself for every possible obstruction or hindrance that can affect the functioning of the firm.It also helps the firm to adjust to frequent changes.The economic environment is all the things that create an economic impact on the firm.
The social environment is all the traditions and customs of the society that creates an impact on the firm.
The technological environment is all the impact on the firm caused due to new technology and upgradations.
The political environment is the conditions and behavior that the elected representatives hold toward the business
The legal environment is entirely based on the rules and legislation of the authorities.
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Credit card companies allow debtors to make partial payments of about 5% of the total bill. Why do they do this, and do you think this should be legal? Explain
Maxed out movie
Answers
Credit card companies allow debtors to make partial payments of about 5% of the total bill because it benefits both the debtor and the credit card company. For the debtor, it provides some relief and flexibility in making payments, especially if they are struggling financially.
From the perspective of the credit card companies, this practice is beneficial because it allows them to generate consistent revenue from interest charges while minimizing the risk of default. It also encourages cardholders to continue using their credit cards, potentially accruing more debt and interest charges.
In conclusion, credit card companies offer the option of minimum payments to provide flexibility to consumers and generate revenue from interest charges. While this practice is legal, consumers should be cautious about relying on minimum payments to manage their credit card debt.
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A borrower makes $60,000 per year. The borrower's spouse makes $3,000 per month. The borrowers' monthly housing expense is $1,500. They have a car payment of $500, a boat payment of $350, a phone bill of $150, and a car insurance payment of $100.
Required:
What is the couple's back-end DTI?
Answers
Based on the information given the couple's back-end DTI is 29.38%.
Couple's back-end DTIFirst step
Borrower 1's annual income=$60,000/ 12 month
Borrower 1's annual income= $5,000
Second step
Total monthly income =$3,000+ $5,000
Total monthly income=$8,000
Third step
Couple's back-end DTI=$1,500+$500+$350/$8,000
Couple's back-end DTI=$2,350/$8,000
Couple's back-end DTI=29.38%
Inconclusion the couple's back-end DTI is 29.38%.
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elvis agrees to provide guitar lessons to angela’s niece for three months for $600. angela decides her niece really is not interested in guitar lessons, and assigns her rights under the contract to jose, so jose can use the lessons for his daughter. when jose contacts elvis to set up the first guitar lesson for his daughter:
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When Jose contacts Elvis to set up the first guitar lesson for his daughter, he cannot enforce the contract against Elvis because the contract is for personal services.
What is a contract?In law, a contract entails a promise to do something or to refrain from doing something. Its making often requires the mutual assent of two or more persons, in which one of them ordinarily making an offer and another accepting, that is, when one of the parties fails to keep the promise, the other is entitled to a legal redress.
As well, we can define a contract as a legally binding agreement between two or more parties, the contractual agreement therein helps to creates a promise that certain rights and obligations will be fulfilled by each party
Most often, a typical contract will only be enforceable if both parties have entered into the contract willingly, so, when one parties have been bullied, pressured or manipulated into entering into the contract, such contract will be unenforceable because of lack of consent.
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the supply of money increases when group of answer choices a) the value of money increases. b) the interest rate increases. c) the fed makes open-market purchases. d) none of the above is correct.
Answers
The correct answer is c) the Fed makes open-market purchases.
When the Federal Reserve (the Fed) engages in open-market purchases, it buys government securities from the market, such as Treasury bonds or bills. This injects new money into the economy, increasing the money supply. Open-market purchases are one of the monetary policy tools used by the central bank to influence the supply of money and credit in the economy.
Option a) is incorrect because when the value of money increases, it generally indicates a decrease in the supply of money or a decrease in the general price level, rather than an increase in the money supply. Option b) is incorrect because an increase in the interest rate does not directly affect the supply of money; it primarily influences the demand for money.
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Explain one reason why a business may use social media to promote
Answers
Answer:
Social media offers many benefits to business owners, as it allows them to reach out to their customers and to gain the attention of more people/potential customers
Explanation:
if the authorized sources do not provide sufficient guidance, you should:
Answers
If the authorized authority does not provide sufficient guidance, you should refer to other sources for the assistance that you need.
Other officials that you may need for assistance may be the security manager and the government contracting authority.
The two authorized methods that are used to communicate the classification decisions are the
Security classification guide Well marked source documentRead more on https://brainly.com/question/25769159?referrer=searchResults
What best describes the relationship between short and long-term goals?
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manufacturing overhead consists of all a.manufacturing costs other than direct materials. b.manufacturing costs other than direct materials and direct labor. c.costs other than direct materials and direct labor. d.costs other than direct materials.
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Manufacturing overhead includes all production costs other than direct materials and direct labor.
The answer is option B.
Manufacturing overhead is oblique substances, oblique labor, and manufacturing unit overhead.
The costs which aren't directly traceable to every product manufactured are referred to as the producing overhead.
Manufacturing overhead no longer consists of any of the selling or administrative capabilities of a business. thus, the costs of such gadgets as company salaries, audit and legal costs, and horrific money owed are not protected in manufacturing overhead.
Overhead costs are all prices on the income assertion besides for direct exertions, direct substances, and direct fees.
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A researcher divides participants into those who suffer from insomnia and those who sleep well. he compares the two groups on the number of hours each spends at leisure activities in an average week. he finds that the insomniacs spend significantly fewer hours at such activities. in this case, the number of hours spent at leisure activities is:
Answers
Answer:
The dependent variable
Explanation:
There are two types of variables used in statistical analysis. The dependent variable and the independent variable.
The dependent variable are those ones whose value depends by rule on the values of other variables.
Independent variables are those whose vales are not dependent on the values of other variables.
In this scenario the independent variables under study are those that suffer insomnia and those that sleep well.
The dependent variable is the number of leisure hours.
Number of leisure hours varies with the group the participants are in.
For example leisure hours can be 3 hours for insomniacs and 6 hours for those that sleep well.
the songhay emperors were able to dominate vassal states because the songhay taxed what trade?
Answers
The Songhai Empire was able to dominate vassal states due to its control over the trans-Saharan trade routes.
The Songhai controlled the major trade routes between the western Sahara and the Mediterranean, which brought in gold, salt, slaves, and other goods. The Songhai also controlled the gold mines in the region, which gave them even more wealth and power. This control over trade allowed the Songhai to extract tribute from their vassal states and maintain their dominance over the region.
The Songhai Empire was a major power in West Africa during the 15th and 16th centuries, and it was able to dominate its vassal states due to its control over the trans-Saharan trade routes. The Songhai controlled the major trade routes between the western Sahara and the Mediterranean, which brought in valuable goods such as gold, salt, slaves, and other goods.
The Songhai also controlled the gold mines in the region, which gave them even more wealth and power. This control over trade allowed the Songhai to extract tribute from their vassal states, which were required to pay taxes and provide other resources to the Songhai Empire. The Songhai Empire was able to use this wealth and power to maintain its dominance over the region and control the trade routes.
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in monopolistic competition, firms can have some market power
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In monopolistic competition, firms can have some market power. Monopolistic competition is a market structure in which many firms sell products that are similar but not identical.
Monopolistic competition is a market structure characterized by a large number of small firms that produce differentiated products, which are similar but not identical to one another, and each firm has some control over the price it charges. Monopolistic competition is a market structure in which many firms sell products that are similar but not identical. Firms in monopolistic competition have some market power because they can charge a higher price than marginal cost and still make a profit because their products are differentiated from their competitors.
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Refer to the graph. Which area indicates a surplus?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
An examplepf a cost would be
O profit
revenue
Ofire
O salaries
Answers
Part 1: Multiple Choice
Instructions
Choose the answer that best fits each statement below.
1. As you begin your budgeting process, a good place to start is to prepare a
a. Budget variance
b. Budget estimate
c. Budget plan
d. Budget contribution
I
2. What type of expense fluctuates month to month?
a. Emergency
b. Fixed
C. Variable
d. Discretionary
3. Which is an example of a financial statement?
a Bank statement
b Statement of contributions
C. Fixed and variable statement
d. Periodic statement
4. What is it called when you put money aside specifically for use in difficult situations?
a Income fund
b. Opportunity fund
c. Fixed expense fund
d. Emergency fund
Answers
Answer:
1.)a
2.)b
3.)c
4.)c
I think this could be the answer
If Japan has a comparative advantage in the production of microchips,how would that affect their international trade?
Answers
Answer: countries would purchase microchips from japan because they are cheaper
Explanation:
Answer:
C countries with purchase microchips from Japan because they are cheaper.
Explanation: USATestprep
Risk can be thought of as the possibility of incurring??
Answers
Answer:
Risk can be thought of as the possibility of incurring a loss.
Explanation:
Loss.
Describe the major components of business conduction plan.
Helppp AHHHH
Answers
Answer:
Heya there!
Here's ya answer.
Executive summary Business description and structure Market research and strategiesManagement and personnel Financial documents Founder (team) and business leadershipCo-workers and business coordinationExplanation:
What are two questions that a purchasing specialist should ask when evaluating supplier performance?.
Answers
The two questions that a purchasing specialist should ask when evaluating supplier performance are:
does the supplier supply quality productsdoes the supplier's supply arrives as agreed etc.What is the meaning of supplier performance?A supplier performance, which can be called a supplier quality, means the supplier's ability to deliver goods or services that will satisfy the customers' needs.
Most time, the purchasing specialist will need to evaluate the supplier performance in order to determine whether he/she should use the supplier again.
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According to the expectancy theory, how should Sean motivate his staff to increase sales by 10 percent?
○ by threatening to fire employees who are the least performing
○ by offering his staff a 5 percent commission bonus for everyone if sales increase by 10 percent
○ by promoting good interpersonal relations among his team and provide feedback on their progress
○ by motivating his staff through providing a stimulating work environment, job autonomy, and a sense of accomplishment and achievement
○ by insuring that the way sales are awarded to the sales staff is fair and equitable
Answers
According to the expectancy theory, the most effective way for Sean to motivate his staff to increase sales by 10 percent would be by motivating his staff through providing a stimulating work environment, job autonomy, and a sense of accomplishment and achievement.
The expectancy theory proposes that motivation is influenced by three factors: valence, expectancy, and instrumentality. Valence refers to the value or attractiveness an individual places on a particular outcome or reward. Expectancy is the belief that effort will lead to performance, and instrumentality is the belief that performance will be rewarded.
Threatening to fire employees who are the least performing may create fear and negative motivation, which can have detrimental effects on morale and productivity. It does not necessarily address the underlying factors that drive motivation and performance.
Offering a 5 percent commission bonus for everyone if sales increase by 10 percent aligns with the expectancy theory by linking performance (increased sales) with a reward (commission bonus). However, it may not address other motivational factors such as job satisfaction, autonomy, or a sense of accomplishment.
Promoting good interpersonal relations among the team and providing feedback on progress can contribute to a positive work environment and enhance motivation. However, it may not directly link efforts to specific performance outcomes or provide tangible rewards.
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a good intended for final use by consumers rather than business
Answers
Answer:
A consumer good is a product intended for final use by a consumer.
Explanation:
Consumer good: a good intended for final use by consumers rather than by businesses
Research the meanings of the following white collar crimes on the web and give a
brief meaning using your own words.
Insider trading
Larceny
Forgery
Counterfeit
Answers
Answer:
Insider trading - persons who have access to sensitive or important non-public information about a corporation trading its securities
Larceny - the stealing and transporting of personal property without the owner's consent with the purpose to rob like stealing that persons bike shoplifting
Forgery - the fraudulent act of creating, modifying, or imitating (as a document or signature).
Counterfeit - an item that unlawfully utilizes the trademark of another without that person's consent. By producing or offering a fake.
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which economic measure is the most widely used measure of national output?
Answers
GDP is a metric used to determine how much money was generated within a nation's borders in a specific time frame, typically a quarter or a year.
What is GDP?A country's gross domestic product (GDP) is the sum of the market values of all the finished goods and services produced within its borders during a specific time period. Even though it's typically calculated on an annual basis, GDP is also sometimes assessed on a quarterly basis. The American government, for instance, estimates the GDP on an annualised basis for the entire year as well as for each fiscal quarter. Each item of data in this report is supplied in actual terms, which allows for the calculation of the data to account for price changes. The result is data that is net of inflation. The calculation of a country's GDP accounts for both personal and societal consumption, as well as government spending, investments, increases in personal inventories, paid-in building costs, and the balance of foreign trade.
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