lesson 6.1 ngsss benchmark mini assessment

Answer:

Over time, the plant matter transforms from moist, low-carbon peat, to coal, All types of coal also contain sulfur, which, when burned, releases toxic air pollution. Sulfur All this coal comes from mines, which are either underground or run on diesel—a major source of air toxins, nitrogen oxide, and soot.

On changing dielectric, charge changes directly. It is directly proportional to dielectric permittivity of free space.

In electromagnetism, a dielectric (or dielectric medium) is an electrical insulator that can be captivated by an applied electric field. At the point when a dielectric material is put in an electric field, electric charges don't course through the material as they do in an electrical conduit, since they have no inexactly bound, or free, electrons that might float through the material, however rather they shift, just somewhat, from their typical balance positions, causing dielectric polarization.

Due to dielectric polarization, positive charges are dislodged toward the field and negative charges change in the course inverse to the field (for instance, assuming that the field is moving lined up with the positive x hub, the negative charges will change in the negative x course). This makes an inside electric field that decreases the general field inside the actual dielectric. Assuming a dielectric is made out of pitifully reinforced particles, those atoms become energized.

We know that Q=CV where Q is charge, C is capacitance and V is the voltage of capacitor.

Since, capacitance is equal to= (∈A₀) /d  where ∈ is permittivity of free space or dielectric value.

If we increase dielectric value, capacitance will increase. When capacitance increase ,charge will also increase.

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The volume (in mL) of the 0.167 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution needed is 26.9 mL

The balanced equation for the reaction is given below:

HClO₄ + NaOH —> NaClO₄ + H₂O

The volume of NaOH can be obtained as follow:

MaVa / MbVb = nA / nB

(0.242 × 18.53) / (0.167 × Vb) = 1

4.48426 / (0.167 × Vb) = 1

Cross multiply

0.167 × Vb = 4.48426

Divide both side by 0.167

Vb = 4.48426 / 0.167

Vb = 26.9 mL

Thus, the volume of the NaOH solution needed is 26.9 mL

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The concentration of SO32- that is in equilibrium with Ag2SO3 and 7.70×10⁻³ M Ag+ is 2.30×10⁻¹²M. The equilibrium expression for the dissolution of Ag2SO3 in water is:

Ag2SO3(s) ⇌ 2Ag+(aq) + SO32-(aq)

The solubility product expression (Ksp) for Ag2SO3 is:

Ksp = [Ag+]²[SO32-]

We are given that the value of Ksp is 1.50×10⁻¹⁴, and the concentration of Ag+ is 7.70×10⁻³M. We can use this information to calculate the concentration of SO32- that is in equilibrium with Ag2SO3.

Ksp = [Ag+]²[SO32-]

1.50×10⁻¹⁴ = (7.70×10⁻³)⁻²[SO32-]

[SO32-] = 2.30×10⁻¹² M

Therefore, the concentration of SO32- that is in equilibrium with Ag2SO3 and 7.70×10⁻³ M Ag+ is 2.30×10⁻¹²M.

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Answer:

you got to do something then in like word then add it to files and if its the like work you gotta do you will get a good grade

Explanation:

The partial pressure of hydrogen in the collected gas sample is 733.0 mm Hg (calculated by subtracting the partial pressure of water, 17.0 mm Hg, from the total atmospheric pressure, 750.0 mm Hg).

When a gas is collected over water, the presence of water vapor affects the total pressure observed. In this case, the total atmospheric pressure is given as 750.0 mm Hg, and the partial pressure of water vapor at 19.5°C is 17.0 mm Hg.

To determine the partial pressure of hydrogen, we need to subtract the partial pressure of water vapor from the total atmospheric pressure. Partial pressure refers to the pressure exerted by an individual gas component in a mixture. In this scenario, the collected gas is primarily hydrogen, with water vapor being the other component.

By subtracting the partial pressure of water vapor (17.0 mm Hg) from the total atmospheric pressure (750.0 mm Hg), we can find the partial pressure of hydrogen:

Partial pressure of hydrogen = Total atmospheric pressure - Partial pressure of water vapor

Partial pressure of hydrogen = 750.0 mm Hg - 17.0 mm Hg

Partial pressure of hydrogen = 733.0 mm Hg

Therefore, the partial pressure of hydrogen in the collected gas sample is 733.0 mm Hg.

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Types of luminous flames:

1. Yellow Luminous Flame

2. Smoky Luminous Flame

3. Orange Luminous Flame

4. Blue Luminous Flame

Luminous flames are characterized by their visible glow, which is caused by the incomplete combustion of fuel. The presence of soot particles in the flame causes the emission of light. There are different types of luminous flames, which can be classified based on their fuel composition and burning conditions. Here are some common types of luminous flames:

1. Yellow Luminous Flame: This is the most common type of luminous flame, often seen in open fires, candles, and gas stoves. It appears yellow due to the presence of soot particles in the flame. Yellow flames indicate incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, such as methane, propane, or natural gas. The high carbon content in these fuels leads to the formation of soot, which emits visible light.

2. Smoky Luminous Flame: This type of flame is characterized by a significant amount of black smoke and soot production. It is commonly observed in poorly adjusted or malfunctioning burners or engines. The excessive presence of unburned fuel in the flame results in incomplete combustion and the emission of dark smoke particles.

3. Orange Luminous Flame: An orange flame indicates a higher combustion temperature compared to a yellow flame. It is often seen in more efficient burners or when burning fuels with a higher carbon content, such as oil or diesel. The higher temperature helps in burning more of the carbon particles, reducing the amount of soot and making the flame appear less yellow.

4. Blue Luminous Flame: A blue flame is typically associated with complete combustion. It indicates efficient burning of fuel, resulting in minimal soot formation. Blue flames are commonly observed in gas burners or Bunsen burners. The blue color is a result of the combustion of gases, such as methane, in the presence of sufficient oxygen.

It's important to note that the luminosity of a flame can vary depending on factors such as fuel-air mixture, combustion temperature, and the presence of impurities. Achieving complete combustion and minimizing the production of soot is desirable for efficient and cleaner burning processes.

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The theoretical yield is the amount of copper that would be obtained if the reaction proceeded with 100% efficiency, based on the stoichiometry of the reaction and the amount of limiting reagent used.

The percentage yield of copper can be calculated using the formula:

Percentage yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%

In this case, the actual yield is given as 0.872 g. The theoretical yield is the amount of copper that would be obtained if the reaction proceeded with 100% efficiency, based on the stoichiometry of the reaction and the amount of limiting reagent used.

In general, the percentage yield is a measure of how efficient a chemical reaction is in producing the desired product. It is calculated by comparing the actual yield obtained in the experiment to the theoretical yield that would be obtained under ideal conditions.

A high percentage yield indicates that the reaction is efficient and that the experimental setup is effective in producing the desired product. A low percentage yield indicates that there are inefficiencies or losses in the reaction, and that improvements may be needed in the experimental setup or reaction conditions.

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Answer:

The advantage of the globe is that it promotes visual accuracy. Students need to use a globe frequently if they are to form accurate mental maps. The advantage of the world map is that you can see the entire world at one time. The disadvantage is that world maps distort shape, size, distance, and direction.

Explanation:

miss girl- you could've just looked this up

(just make it look like you typed it)

Answer:

The advantage of the globe is that it promotes visual accuracy. Students need to use a globe frequently if they are to form accurate mental maps. The advantage of the world map is that you can see the entire world at one time. The disadvantage is that world maps distort shape, size, distance, and direction.

Friend?

The kJ of the energy absorbed for the every mole of the carbon reacted is 104.8 kJ.

The chemical equation is as :

2C + 2H ---> C₂H₄   ,     ΔH = + 52.4 kJ/mol

The ΔH is the enthalpy change that is determined by the subtracting the energy of the reactants to the products.

The  ΔH = energy of the products - energy of the reactants

The expression for the energy is as :

q = n ΔH

Where,

n = number of the moles

ΔH = enthalpy change

The kJ of the energy absorbed for the every mole of the carbon reacted :

q = 2 mol × 52.4 kJ/mol

q = 104.8 kJ

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4) The compounds as they have been shown are diastereomers

5) The compounds as they have been shown are enantiomers

6) The charges on the cyanide carbon and the bromine ion are negative , negative

We know that the optical isomers are the compounds that are mirror images of each other. These images could be super impossible or non super imposible. When the compounds are non super impossible images we call them enantiomers but is they are super impossible mirror images we call them diastereomers.

Recall that both diastereomers and enantiomers are all kinds of stereoisomers. These are isomers that have the same molecular formula but different arrangement of the atoms in space.

Thus we could have enantiomers when we have mirror images and diastereomers when we do not have mirror images.

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The molar mass (formula weight) of carbon dioxide (CO2) is 44.01 g/mol.

At STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), which is defined as 0°C (273.15 K) and 1 atm of pressure, 1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 L of volume.

Now, we have 3.9 x 10^23 molecules of CO2:

- To find the number of moles, we divide the number of molecules by Avogadro's number:

n = N/Na = 3.9 x 10^23/6.022 x 10^23 = 0.648 moles

- To find the mass, we multiply the number of moles by the molar mass:

mass = n x M = 0.648 mol x 44.01 g/mol = 28.52 grams

Therefore, the mass of 3.9 x 10^23 molecules of carbon dioxide gas at STP is approximately 28.6 grams (option A).

Answer:

The compound which doesn't contains ionic character is HC, H-atom and CL- atom shares 1 electron a to form covalent bond....

Answer: 55.5 oC is 0.014 atm (3rd decimal point)

Explanation:

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is given as:

ln(P2/P1) = -(ΔH_vap/R) * (1/T2 - 1/T1)

where:

P1 = vapor pressure at temperature T1

P2 = vapor pressure at temperature T2

ΔH_vap = enthalpy of vaporization

R = gas constant = 8.314 J/(mol*K)

Converting the enthalpy of vaporization to J/mol:

ΔH_vap = 35.2 kJ/mol = 35,200 J/mol

Converting temperatures to Kelvin:

T1 = 64.7 + 273.15 = 337.85 K

T2 = 55.5 + 273.15 = 328.65 K

Substituting the values into the equation and solving for P2:

ln(P2/1 atm) = -(35,200 J/mol / 8.314 J/(mol*K)) * (1/328.65 K - 1/337.85 K)

ln(P2/1 atm) = -4.231

P2/1 atm = e^(-4.231)

P2 = 0.014 atm

Therefore, the vapor pressure for methanol at 55.5 oC is 0.014 atm, to the third decimal point.

If a fire starts in a beaker, the best option among the options provided to extinguish the fire is to cover the mouth of the beaker with a watch glass, hence the correct answer is the last option given.

For safety precautions and methods to be taken in a laboratory during any experiment or research is very important. Hence there are several ways safety hazards can be prevented or stopped.

For major fire hazards, security must be called to put out the fire in all scenarios. While for minor fires as like fire in a beaker, the hazard can be overcome by several easy cautious steps.

If we pour water in the beaker to stop the fire, that may cause the fire to be enhanced rather to be dissuaded, as if in presence of a reactive fuel, like magnesium (which could have been the cause of fire), the oxygen present in the water can cause combustion thus increasing the hazard. Hence first option is ruled out.

If we wait for the fire to go out on it's own, there are chances that the fire may come in contact with any inflammable item nearby which can enhance the fire further adding to the problem. Thus, this option is ruled out too.

Covering the fire with a rug is also not an efficient way to put out a fire in a beaker as a rug generally is very inflammable, and hence it would catch on fire easily, causing more difficult situations rather than a solution.

If we cover the mouth of the beaker with a watch glass, the fire would eventually go out as all the oxygen present in the beaker gets used for combustion. Covering the mouth of the beaker prevents any oxygen from outside to enter inside the beaker. Thus, this is a better option for the solution to the situation. Thus the answer to the question is the last option.

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The chemical bonds are generally of two types, they are ionic and covalent bonds. Here the number of bonds in the given compound is 4.

A chemical bond can be defined as the attractive force which holds the constituent atoms or ions of a molecular species together. Bonds arise from the electrostatic forces between the positively charged atomic nuclei and the negatively charged electrons.

The ionic bond is formed by the complete transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another whereas the covalent bond is formed by the sharing of an electron pair between the atoms.

Here CCl₄ is a covalent compound which contains four non-polar covalent bonds between carbon and chlorine atoms. Here by sharing the electrons, 'C' attains the electronic configuration of 'Ne' and 'Cl' attains the configuration of 'Ar'.

Thus there are 4 bonds in CCl₄.

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Answer:

5.4 moles CaO   1 mole CaCl₂   5.4 mole CaCl₂

                           1 mole CaO

Explanation:

The mass of Aluminum Sulfate is 5.373 grams if you have \(2.837*10^{26\) atoms of Sulfur .

The molecular formula of Aluminum Sulfate is \(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\) In one molecule of aluminum sulfate, there are 3 sulfur atoms. To calculate the mass of aluminum sulfate, follow the steps below:

Step 1: Calculate the molar mass of aluminum sulfate using the periodic table.Al = 27.0 g/molS = 32.1 g/molO = 16.0 g/mol

(2 × Al) + (3 × S) + (12 × O) = molar mass of \(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\) = 342.2 g/mol

Step 2: Find the number of moles of sulfur in the given number of atoms of sulfur.2\(2.837*10^{26\) atoms of sulfur × 1 mol S/\(6.022 * 10^{23\)atoms S = 0.0470 mol S

Step 3: Use the molar ratio of sulfur to aluminum sulfate to calculate the number of moles of aluminum sulfate.1 mol \(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\) / 3 mol S = 0.333 mol\(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\) per mol S0.0470 mol S × 0.333 mol \(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\)/mol S = 0.0157 mol \(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\)

Step 4: Calculate the mass of aluminum sulfate.0.0157 mol \(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\) × 342.2 g/mol\(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\)= 5.373 g\(Al_2(SO_4)_3.\)

Therefore, the mass of Aluminum Sulfate is 5.373 grams if you have \(2.837*10^{26\) atoms of Sulfur.

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Answer:

low

Explanation:

We were informed in the question that the student had incorrectly recorded the mass of cup + sample as 2.20 g but inadvertently used 2.00 g in the calculations.

This error will cause a slight decrease in the mass of water and ultimately decrease the number of moles of water in the hydrate.

What i am saying is that the number of moles of water obtained in the calculation will be artificially low.

Based on the volume and the density of the iceberg, the mass of the iceberg is 197475.603 kg.

The volume of the iceberg in cm³ is determined as follows:

1 ft = 30.48 cm

1 ft³= 30.48 cm * 30.48 cm * 30.48 cm

1 ft³=  28316.847 cm³

The volume of the iceberg in cm³ = 7605 * 28316.847 cm³

The volume of the iceberg in cm³ = 215349621.4 cm³

The mass of the iceberg is then determined as follows:

Mass = density * volume

The mass of the iceberg = 215349621.4 cm³ * 0.917 g/m³

The mass of the iceberg = 197475602.9 g 197475.603 kg

The mass of the iceberg = 197475.603 kg

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statement correctly describes the electronic charge distribution in a molecule-Option 2 The electronic charge is distributed equally around each atom in the molecule.

When charged matter is positioned in an electromagnetic field, it encounters a force due to its physical property of electrical charges. A positive or negative electric charge can exist (commonly carried by protons and electrons respectively). Like charges repel each other and, while unlike goods become more expensive one another. Coulomb, unit of electrical charges in the m long system, which serves as the foundation for the SI physical unit. C is the abbreviation. The coulomb is defined as the amount of electricity transferred in one second by a one-ampere current. Charge (exhibited by protons) and negative charge are indeed the two types of charge (exhibited by electrons.

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The volume of 12 gas forms when 21 L Cl2 react at STP is 21 L.

To determine the volume of 12 gas (I assume you mean I2 gas) formed when 21 L of Cl2 reacts at STP (standard temperature and pressure), we need to use the ideal gas law equation.

The ideal gas law equation is given by:

PV = nRT

Where:

P = pressure

V = volume

n = number of moles

R = ideal gas constant

T = temperature

At STP, the pressure is 1 atm, and the temperature is 273.15 K.

From the balanced equation, we can see that the molar ratio between Cl2 and I2 is 1:1. So, if 21 L of Cl2 reacts, it will produce an equal volume of I2 gas.

Given that the volume of Cl2 is 21 L, we can assume the volume of I2 gas formed will also be 21 L.

Therefore, the volume of I2 gas formed is 21 L.

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Explanation:

Molar mass of CaCO3= 100 g/mol

Given mass = 3kg= 3000 g

No of moles = 3000/100=30 mol

The molecular clocks show the species that were diverged by evolution.

Scientists use the molecular clock of mutation to estimate the timing of evolutionary events and to infer the relationships between organisms. The molecular clock is based on the idea that mutations accumulate in DNA at a roughly constant rate over time, and that this rate can be used to estimate the time since two organisms diverged from a common ancestor.

To use the molecular clock, scientists first identify a gene or a set of genes that are present in both organisms and that are evolving slowly enough to be informative. They then compare the DNA sequences of these genes between the two organisms and calculate the number of differences or mutations that have accumulated over time.

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The reaction quotient will be half of the equilibrium constant  of the system.

The term equilibrium constant refers to a number that shows the extent to which reactants are converted to products when the reaction has attained equilibrium. If the system is not at equilibrium, the number is called the reaction quotient.

If the reaction system is diluted to about twice its original volume, it follows that the reaction quotient will be halved with respect to the equilibrium constant hence the most likely value of the equilibrium constant is about half of the equilibrium constant.

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Answer:

Q = K/4, and the rate of the forward reaction will be greater than the rate of the reverse reaction.

Explanation:

with dilution, all the concentrations in the  expression are halved, and Qc=1/2[H3O+]×1/2[Cl−]×1/2[HOCl]/   1/2[Cl2]=Kc4

. Because Qc<Kc

, the rate of the forward reaction will be greater than the rate of the reverse reaction until equilibrium is reestablished.

"Sam is being a good digital citizen by following a code of conduct.

A code of conduct is a set of rules that govern how people should behave online. It is important to follow a code of conduct because it helps to create a safe and respectful environment for everyone.

Here, Sam is following the code of conduct for his gaming group. This code of conduct may include rules about using offensive language, cheating, and griefing. By following these rules, Sam is helping to create a positive experience for everyone in his gaming group.

Therefore, Sam is following the code of conduct.

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Answer:

In a chemical reaction, reactants contact each other, bonds between atoms in the reactants are broken, and atoms rearrange and form new bonds to make the products.

Explanation:

Answer:

D) particles but the oxygen has a greater mass.

Explanation:

Just took the test and got it right

At STP, one mole of oxygen and one mole of neon contain equal numbers of​ particles but oxygen has greater mass.

Mole is defined as the unit of amount of substance . It is the quantity measure of amount of substance of how many elementary particles are present in a given substance.

It is defined as exactly 6.022×10²³ elementary entities. The elementary entity can be a molecule, atom ion depending on the type of substance. Amount of elementary entities in a mole is called as Avogadro's number.

It is widely used in chemistry as a suitable way for expressing amounts of reactants and products.For the practical purposes, mass of one mole of compound in grams is approximately equal to mass of one molecule of compound measured in Daltons. Molar mass has units of gram per mole . In case of molecules, where molar mass  in grams present in one mole  of atoms is its atomic mass.

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1) The pressure is 26.4 torr

2) The time is 24.4 s

A decomposition reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. In other words, it is the opposite of a synthesis reaction, where two or more substances combine to form a more complex substance.

We know that;

\(lnPt =lnPo - kt\\lnPt = ln(450) - ( 4.5 x 10^-2 * 63)\\Pt = eln(450) - ( 4.5 x 10^-2 * 63)\\Pt = 26.4 torrln[1/3(450)] = ln 450 - (4.5 x 10^-2t)\\5 = 6.1 - 0.045t\\5 - 6.1 = - 0.045t\\t = 24.4 s\)

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