mycorrhizae are often found associated with the roots of vascular plants. where are fungal endophytes typically found in vascular plants?
Answers
Fungal endophytes are typically found in the leaf mesophyll in vascular plants.
Endophytes are organisms that live within a body of a plant for at least a part of its life cycle without causing any apparent damage. Most of the endophytes are either bacteria or fungi.
Fungal endophytes are generally categorized based on the mode of transmission, biodiversity, in planta colonization, and the host plant type. However, in vascular plants, fungal endophytes are most likely to be found inside the tissue spaces of plants (leaf mesophyll). They allow the plant to obtain additional moisture and nutrients, making their relationship with the host plant mutualistic.
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Related Questions
The steps of the virus reproduction process are provided in random order. virus reproduction process. 1. virus injects dna or rna into the cell. 2. viral genes transcribe and translate by the host cell's machinery. 3. an infected cell synthesizes more viral protein and genetic material instead of its usual products. 4. viruses burst from host cells and kill the cell. 5. virus connects to a receptor on the cell's surface. 6. new viruses infect other cells and create more viruses. 7. virus genomes and protein coats self-assemble. what is the correct sequence of the steps in the virus reproduction process? a 1, 4, 5, 2, 3, 7, 6 b 5, 1, 2, 3, 7, 4, 6 c 1, 3, 2, 7, 5, 4, 6 d 5, 1, 3, 2, 4, 6, 7
Answers
The correct answer is option b) 5, 1, 2, 3, 7, 4, 6.
The six stages of viral replication include attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release.
A virus attaches to and inserts its genetic material into a host cell during attachment and penetration.
During uncoating, replication, and assembly, the viral DNA or RNA integrates into the host cell's genetic material, prompting it to replicate the viral genome.
During the release, the newly developed viruses are expelled from the host cell by forcing the cell to disintegrate, waiting for the cell to die suddenly, or budding off through the cell membrane.
Therefore, the proper order of the steps in viral replication is b) 5, 1, 2, 3, 7, 4, 6.
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which of the following phyla is most diverse in terms of number of named species?
Answers
The animal kingdom is classified into around 36 phyla, each with unique characteristics and features. Among these, the phylum with the highest number of named species is the arthropod phylum.
Arthropods are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, jointed limbs, and a segmented body. They are incredibly diverse in terms of their adaptations, habitats, and behaviors. Arthropods include insects, spiders, crustaceans, and many other groups. In fact, arthropods make up over 80% of all described animal species. The sheer number of arthropod species is staggering, with estimates ranging from 1 to 10 million. This diversity can be attributed to their ability to occupy virtually every environment on Earth, from deep ocean trenches to high mountain peaks. Overall, the arthropod phylum stands out as the most diverse and fascinating group of animals on the planet.
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What do the blue whales and the fish have in common in the food web?
Answers
Answer:
Filter feeders
Explanation:
Blue whales use their baleens to filter the water and the krill they catch, and many fish hunt for plankton at the surface of the water while, again, filtering out the water.
Digestive juices in the stomach contain ____.
a.
sulphuric acid
b.
hydrochloric acid
c.
acetic acid
d.
amino acid
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answers
Answer:
I think its B <3
Explanation:
Most digestion in humans occurs in the first 25 centimeters of the 6-meter length of the small intestine called the _________________.
Answers
Most digestion in humans occurs in the first 25 centimeters of the 6-meter length of the small intestine called the duodenum.
What is digestion?In order to be absorbed into the watery blood plasma, large, insoluble food molecules must be broken down into smaller, water-soluble food molecules during digestion. These tiny molecules enter the bloodstream through the small intestine in some organisms. Based on how food is broken down, digestion, a type of catabolism, is sometimes separated into two processes: mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.
When a huge food item is physically broken down into smaller bits so that digestive enzymes may reach them, this process is referred to as mechanical digestion. Mastication in the mouth and segmentation contractions in the small intestine are two examples of mechanical digestion. Enzymes break down food into little molecules that the body can use during chemical digestion.
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In membrane diffusion, the steady-state condition is achieved when: O Solute concentration at both sides of the membrane becomes equal O Concentration of solute in receptor compartment increases linearly with time O The net movement of solute will be from receptor to donor compartment O Solute concentration in receptor compartment is s 10% of that in donor compartment Permeation flux of solute across the membrane becomes constant
Answers
In membrane diffusion, The steady-state condition is achieved when Solute concentration in receptor compartment is s 10% of that in donor compartment Permeation flux of solute across the membrane becomes constant.
Membrane diffusion is a type of transport across the biological membrane that includes various biomolecules like solutes, water molecules, gases, and ions. Membrane diffusion is a passive type of transport that occurs spontaneously, and it follows the concentration gradient of solutes.
The rate of transport of solutes through the membrane depends on the concentration gradient, and as solutes diffuse from the donor to the receptor compartment, the concentration gradient decreases. As the concentration gradient decreases, the rate of solute transport also slows down, and the steady-state condition is achieved when the flux of solute becomes constant, which means the rate of diffusion of solutes through the membrane becomes stable.
The steady-state condition in membrane diffusion is a state where the concentration gradient is stable and the flux of solute through the membrane is constant. The rate of solute transport is directly proportional to the concentration gradient, and when the concentration gradient reaches a state of equilibrium, the rate of solute transport becomes constant, resulting in the achievement of the steady-state condition.
In summary, the steady-state condition in membrane diffusion is achieved when the flux of solute across the membrane becomes constant. This condition is reached when the concentration gradient is stable, and the rate of solute transport is constant. The steady-state condition is essential for many biological processes, such as the exchange of nutrients and waste products between cells and the environment.
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Explain how sex-linked, codominant and incomplete dominant traits are passed on to offspring.
Answers
Sex-linked traits are genes carried on the sex chromosomes, the X and the Y chromosome. Only males carry the Y chromosome, and therefore all genes on the Y chromosome are passed down to the son. Women carry two X chromosomes; therefore, sex-linked traits can be passed on from both the mother and the father.
Examples of sex-linked traits include red-green colour blindness and haemophilia.
In codominance, both alleles are expressed in the phenotype of heterozygous offspring. The human ABO blood group is an example of codominance.
There are three alleles for the ABO gene: IA, IB, and I (i is recessive to both IA and IB). If an individual is heterozygous for both the IA and IB alleles, they will express both A and B antigens on their red blood cells. If they are homozygous for either IA or IB, they will express only one antigen on their red blood cells.
Incomplete dominance occurs when neither allele is dominant nor recessive, but instead, the phenotype is a blend of both. An example of incomplete dominance is the snapdragon flower, which has a red flower and a white flower. When the red flower is crossed with the white flower, the resulting offspring have pink flowers, which is a blend of red and white. The genotype for pink flowers is Rr, where R represents the red allele, and r represents the white allele.
When two pink flowers are crossed, their offspring will have a ratio of 1:2:1 of red, pink, and white flowers.
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Hormones are chemical messengers that are transported by the bloodstream and stimulate physiological responses in cells of another tissue or organ. (T/F)
Answers
The statement, "Hormones are chemical messengers that are transported by the bloodstream and stimulate physiological responses in cells of another tissue or organ. " is: True.
Hormones are indeed chemical messengers that are transported by the bloodstream and elicit specific physiological responses in cells of target tissues or organs.
They are secreted by various endocrine glands and play a vital role in regulating numerous processes within the body.
When hormones are released into the bloodstream, they travel to specific target cells or organs where they bind to specific receptors.
This binding triggers a cascade of biochemical reactions within the target cells, leading to the activation or inhibition of specific cellular processes.
Hormones can influence a wide range of physiological functions, including growth and development, metabolism, reproduction, immune response, and mood regulation.
The ability of hormones to travel through the bloodstream allows them to reach target cells located throughout the body. This systemic distribution enables coordinated communication and regulation among different organs and tissues.
Additionally, the concentration of hormones in the blood can be tightly regulated to ensure precise control over physiological processes.
In summary, hormones act as chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream and exert specific effects on target cells or organs, playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and coordinating various functions in the body.
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1-Which bacteria seem to be most frequently used in the production of food? Propose an explanation for this
2-Why might the influenza vaccine be less effective than other vaccines?
3-Which diseases of the gastrointestinal tract can be acquired by swimming in a pool or lake? Why are these diseases not likely to be acquired while swimming in the ocean?
4-How is cholera transmitted? How does an earthquake promote transmission?
Answers
Answer:
1- Which bacteria seem to be most frequently used in the production of food? Lactobacillus.
2- Why might the influenza vaccine be less effective than other vaccines? Becuse of how fast flu viruses mutate.
3- Which diseases of the gastrointestinal tract can be acquired by swimming in a pool or lake? Why are these diseases not likely to be acquired while swimming in the ocean? The diseases og the GI can be acquired in a swimming pool or lake are: giardia, cryptosporidiosis , qtitis externa, legionella and pseudomonas dermatitis. These are not likely to be acquired in the ocean because of the salt.
4-How is cholera transmitted? How does an earthquake promote transmission? Cholera is transmitted by vibrio cholerae O:1 and O:139 , through fecal-oral route or by eating or drinking contaminated food or water. During an earthquake transmission is promoted because of the contaminated water and inadequate sanitation.
Explanation
1- Lactobacillus is the bacteria most frequently used in food industrydustry, where there are many products.
2- Flu viruses are in constant change and mutation. Vaccines are more effective for some types of viruses. The effectiveness vary through the differents types and subtypes.
3- The salt in the ocean dehydrates cells, and affect them by killing them or stopping their growth. There are less bacterias tolerant to salt.
4- When there is an earthquake, WASH facilites might be affected by the disaster. When water contaminates with the cholera virus, it spreads really fast and easily.
what neurotransmitter is involved in the mesolimbic reward pathway?
Answers
Explanation:
dopamine is the neurotransmitter
guysss please help it’s due at 3:00 pleaseeeeee
Answers
Answer: i would say 47
Explanation:
Answer:
47
Explanation:
trust
Based on the graphs shown, what would you conclude about the conditions under which enzymes function in cells?
Enzymes only function at a specific pH and temperature and cannot function over a range of pH or temperature.
Enzymes are most effective at a particular pH and temperature but can function over a range of pH and temperature.
Enzymes do not have a specific pH or temperature at which they are most effective but function optimally over a range of pH and temperature.
Enzymes work equally well at the low and high ends of their temperature range, but reaction rate drops quickly at the high end of their pH range.
Answers
Based on the graphs shown, it is possible to conclude that enzymes are most effective at a particular pH and temperature but can function over a range of pH and temperature. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy of these reactions.
An enzyme works more efficiently at optimum pH and temperature values, which are specific for each enzyme.
Enzymes are denatured by extreme pH and temperature values because out-of-range values break down the hydrogen bonds that form the tertiary structure of the enzyme.
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Answer:
B
Explanation:
Enzymes are most effective at a particular pH and temperature but can function over a range of pH and temperature.
The efferent pathway of which nervous system transmits both excitatory and inhibitory signals to its effector cells?
Answers
The efferent pathway that transmits both excitatory and inhibitory signals to its effector cells is part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
The ANS is a division of the peripheral nervous system, which controls involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. It is divided into two main branches: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, promoting excitatory signals, while the parasympathetic nervous system promotes the "rest and digest" response, transmitting inhibitory signals. Both systems work together to maintain homeostasis and respond to changes in the body's internal and external environments. Effector cells include smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and gland cells, which are directly influenced by the efferent pathways of the ANS.
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Please help me on this Bio. question!
Answers
The synthesis of new proteins
c
Answer:
c the synthesis of new proteins
Based on the living things in the pyramid, please tell me what examples would fit into these categories:
Primary Producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers.
Answers
Answer:
Primary producer = Oak tree leaves
Primary consumer = Caterpillars
Secondary consumer = Blue j a y s
Tertiary consumers = Hawk
Explanation:
An energy pyramid is a graph which shows how energy is transferred or flows from one trophic level to the next. Organisms which occupy the same level in the food chain within an ecosystem belong to the same trophic level.
The shape of an an energy pyramid is a pyramid indicating that the number of living things as well as the amount of energy flow decreases as one goes from one lower trophic level to the next higher level.
At the base of the pyramid are the primary producers which use energy of the sunlight to manufacture their own food. Example is the Oak tree.
The next higher level is the primary consumers who feed directly on the primary producers. For example caterpillars.
The next higher level is the secondary consumers who feed on the primary consumers. For example the Blue j a y s.
The highest levelin the pyramid is the tertiary consumers who feed on the secondary consumers. For example, the hawk.
Right now, is the equatorial Pacific in El Nino, Normal, or La
Nina conditions? How do we know? Use evidence from the website and
your knowledge of ENSO cycles to support your answer.
Answers
Currently, the equatorial Pacific is in La Niña conditions. This conclusion can be supported by evidence from relevant websites and knowledge of ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) cycles.
La Niña conditions are characterized by cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. To determine the current state of the equatorial Pacific, one can refer to official sources such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) or the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), which regularly monitor and report on ENSO conditions.
By analyzing the sea surface temperature anomalies, atmospheric pressure patterns, and wind patterns in the equatorial Pacific, these organizations can provide an assessment of the ENSO state. Additionally, historical data and long-term climate models help in predicting and monitoring the progression of ENSO events.
Based on the most recent reports and data analysis, if the official sources indicate below-average sea surface temperatures and other La Niña indicators in the equatorial Pacific, it can be concluded that the region is currently experiencing La Niña conditions.
In summary, the equatorial Pacific is currently in La Niña conditions, as evidenced by the observations and reports from reputable sources that monitor ENSO patterns and analyze sea surface temperatures, atmospheric pressure, and wind patterns in the region.
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Match the key terms to their corresponding definition!
Answers
Answer:
Denature - Break down, Substrate- What an enzyme acts on, Inhibitor- Decrreeses activity, Transition state- Highest energy
Explanation:
Can you help me i wil give you a branlist and its science
Answers
Answer:
30 millileters of liquid
Use a Punnett Square of a Bb x Bb cross. B is the factor for brown eyes and bis factor for blue eyes. What color eyes do the parents have:
Answers
Answer:
The parents would have brown eyes.
Explanation:
Given Bb x Bb, this tells you that both parents have brown eyes and are carriers for a reccessive trait (blue eyes). Remember that the uppercase letters are considered dominant and the lower case letters are considered recessive. In order for the blue eye allele to show, you would need to have the genotype: bb.
C. Brown
The parents would have brown eyes.
Given Bb x Bb,
This tells you that both parents have brown eyes and are carriers for a recessive trait (blue eyes). Remember that the uppercase letters are considered dominant and the lower case letters are considered recessive. In order for the blue eye allele to show, you would need to have the genotype: bb.Therefore, correct option is c.
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Which of the following correctly compares fermentation and cellular respiration?
Question 20 options:
Cellular respiration produces more ATP molecules than fermentation.
Both provide ATP molecules, but only fermentation occurs when oxygen is present.
Both result in substantial ATP molecules and lactic acid production.
Cellular respiration provides ATP molecules at a slower rate than fermentation.
Answers
Answer:
NO SORRY I DONT KNOW
Explanation:
a rectangular room is 10 M long and 7.5 M wide the cost of covering the floor with carpet 1.25 m wide at two Both provide ATP molecules, but only fermentation occurs when oxygen is present.
250 per metre
Which artery is typically the easiest to access during low cardiac output
a. brachial b. femoral c. radial d. ulnar
Answers
Answer: The answer is femoral artery.
Explanation: The femoral artery, which is situated in the groin region, is the biggest artery in the thigh. Due to its proximity to the skin's surface, it can be easily accessed when there is low cardiac output. The femoral artery may deliver a lot of blood flow because it is a big artery. This qualifies it as a good option for blood gas sampling and arterial puncture.
The femoral artery is typically the easiest to access during low cardiac output situations. This artery is located in the groin area and is relatively large, making it easier to feel and puncture with a needle. The correct option is B.
When cardiac output is low, it can be difficult to access arteries in the arms due to poor blood flow, making the femoral artery a preferred choice for medical professionals. However, it is important to note that accessing any artery should only be done by a trained medical professional and in a sterile environment to prevent infection and other complications.
In emergency situations, quick and accurate access to the femoral artery can be lifesaving for patients experiencing low cardiac output.
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Someone please help me with this
Answers
Answer:
its energy
Explanation:
energy that is fast makes heat and slow energy makes things cold
pls mark brainliest
Answer:
the answer is energy I'm pretty sure :)
if it's not I'm sorry, I tried lol
What speed do thorn bugs move at?
Answers
Answer:
they are not built for speed, and often move quite slowly.
Explanation:
<3
Choose all the answers that apply. Precipitation:
a.creates new water
b. occurs after condensation
c.is roughly equal to the amount of evaporation
d. occurs evenly all over the earth
e. returns freshwater to the earth
Answers
Answer: e and a
Explanation:
Answer:
occurs after condensation
is roughly equal to the amount of evaporation
Explanation:
The peptidoglycan layer of Gram-negative bacteria is
sandwiched between two cell membranes.
TRUE or
FALSE
Answers
The peptidoglycan layer of Gram-negative bacteria is sandwiched between two cell membranes is True.
Briefing:Through the hydrophobic head of lipoprotein molecules known as Braun's lipoproteins, the peptidoglycan layer is non-covalently attached to them. The periplasmic area contains a concentrated gel-like matrix called the periplasm, Sandwiched between the outer membrane and the plasma membrane.
What purpose does a peptidoglycan function?Peptidoglycan, which is a structural component of the bacterial cell wall, balances the osmotic pressure in the cytoplasm and offers structural support. Additionally, during bacterial cell division, peptidoglycan takes part in binary fission.
What cells have peptidoglycan in cell walls?Peptidoglycan is a component of the cell walls of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria (also known as murein). Other than in the bacterial cell walls, this specific chemical has never been discovered anywhere else on Earth.
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Egg and sperm cells (or their precursors) are called germ cells. all other cells in the body are called?
Answers
All other cells in the body are called Somatic cells.
What are germ cells?
The founding cells of all sexually reproducing organisms are known as germ cells. They are separated from the embryo's other somatic cells during development. Germ cells grow at the edge of the embryo proper in many animals before moving through a number of developing somatic tissues on their way to the developing gonad.
What are somatic cells ?
Any cell in the body that is not a gamete (egg or sperm), a germ cell (cell that develops into a gamete), or a stem cell is referred to as a somatic cell. Somatic cells are essentially any cells that make up an organism's body and are not directly utilised to create a new creature during reproduction.
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how is the cell membrane important for homeostasis
Answers
What type or piece of material culture do you think gives the most information about your society? Why?
Answers
HOPE THIS HELPS!!!!
Define (Chlorophyll)
Thank you!
Answers
Answer:
a green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. Its molecule contains a magnesium atom held in a porphyrin ring.
Answer:
Chlorophyll is a green pigment that is in all green plants and cyanobacteria. It is responsible for the absorption of light that provides energy for photosynthesis.
Explanation:
Identify the two sources of pressure acting on an object at a depth of 10m.
Answers
tbh i knew this answer but forgot
Explanation: