Nadeau et al., (Royal Soc. B. 2007) Reconstructed dN/dS ratios for genes involved in sexually dimorphic plumage in pigeons and their relatives.
i. Let’s imagine that Nadeau et al., tested 5 genes, and got the followingdN/dS ratios:
gene1: 0.01
gene2: 0.05
gene 3: 0.90
gene 4: 1.01
gene 5: 2.34
Which gene has a dN/dS ratio that provides the strongest evidence of negative (‘purifying’) selection?
Answers
Answer:
The correct option is gene 1 with the dN/dS ratio of 0.01
Explanation:
In order for negative selection to occur, the dN/dS ratio has to be between 0 and 1. There three genes that lie within this range, and hence, we can choose the smallest one to provide the strongest evidence among those to represented as the one being negatively selected. Where the dN/dS ratio is equal to 1, it means neutral and where the dN/dS ratio is greater than 1, it means positive selection.
Hope that answers the question, have a great day!
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Related Questions
Why does anaerobic respiration occur during vigorous exercise?
Answers
Answer:
Because the body supply of oxygen is less than the body requirement of oxygen for aerobic respiration.
During a strenous activity,the supply of oxygen do not reach body requirement for aerobic respiration to occur, that is why ,therefore fermentation anaerobic respiration occurs and the end product is lactic acid which then accumulates in the muscles.
Answer:
This is because,during vigorous excercise,oxygen supply is smaller than body requirement of oxygen and therefore anaerobic respiration occur .
Since anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.
given the genotype frequencies below, what is the frequency of the v1 allele in this population? give your answer to one decimal place. f[v1v1]
Answers
0.6 + 0.5(0.2) = 0.7. We once more examine each person's genotype, count the copies of each allele, then divide that number by the total number of gene copies to determine the allele frequencies.
A population becomes fixed for that allele when the allelic frequency hits 1.0, at which point there is only one remaining allele in the population. The other allele is lost forever. Random genetic drift halts at a locus where an allele has either become fixed or lost in a population. By dividing the total number of copies of all the alleles at that specific genetic locus in the population by the number of times the allele of interest.
The complete question is:
Given the genotype frequencies below, what is the frequency of the V1 allele in this population? Give your answer to one decimal place.
f[V1V1] = 0.6
f[V1V2] = 0.2
f[V2V2] = 0.2
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Why should there only be only one independent variable in an expirement
Answers
what are 2 key components that make a population one species?
please helpppp
Answers
Answer:
Two important measures of a population are population size, the number of individuals, and population density, the number of individuals per unit area or volume. Ecologists estimate the size and density of populations using quadrats and the mark-recapture method.
what are impact of micro organisms for human being
Answers
Answer:
Microbes cause infectious diseases such as flu and measles.
Explanation:
Microbes cause infectious diseases such as flu and measles. There is also strong evidence that microbes may contribute to many non–infectious chronic diseases such as some forms of cancer and coronary heart disease. Different diseases are caused by different types of micro-organisms.
The HACCP team should consist of individuals who have what
Answers
The team should include members from different areas of the organization, such as production, quality control, engineering, and management, to ensure that all aspects of the operation are considered. The team should also have a designated leader who is responsible for overseeing the entire HACCP process.
In addition to the necessary technical expertise, the HACCP team should have good communication skills, be able to work well together, and be committed to the success of the HACCP plan. It is also important that the team is trained on HACCP principles and understands their roles and responsibilities throughout the HACCP process.
A water quality manager takes four samples from different locations in a local river that supplies the town's drinking water. The following types of indicators are found in the water samples.
Location 1 - Heavy metals and POPs
Location 2 - Detergents and carcinogens
Location 3 - POPs and detergents
Location 4 - Fertilizers and heavy metals
Which location has the most substances that could bioaccumulate in the local population?
- Location 1
- Location 2
- Location 3
- Location 4
Answers
After taking and analyzing the four samples described, the water quality manager can conclude that the organisms in location 4 present the most bioaccumulation of contaminants.
Bioaccumulation is an organism's ability to absorb substances from the water which is then stored in the cells of that organism. Once consumed by a predator, this substance is passed along the food chain, affecting the entire ecosystem.
Of the substances listed, the ones able to be bioaccumulated by organisms are:
Fertilizers Heavy metals.This leads us to the conclusion that the area with the most bioaccumulative substances in the water is location 4, and fishing should not take place in this location.
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Name:
Ecosystem
Environment is the surroundings that an
organism lives in.
Ecosystem is all the living and nonliving
things that interact with each other in an
environment.
Biomes are large ecosystems, that have
generally the same climate and organisms.
Population is all the organisms of the same
species in a certain place and time.
Community is all the populations of different
kinds of organisms in a place and time.
Resources determine the size of populations. For example, more food for the alligators, more alligators.
The Florida panther needs large, remote areas to leave. What will happen if humans destroy their
habitat to grow crops or expand the cities?
The Florida panther also needs food (white-tailed deer, wild hogs, rabbits, raccoons, birds, etc.). What
will happen if the population of raccoons increase a lot?
Answers
ecosystem, the collection of living things, their physical surroundings, and all of their interactions within a certain spatial context. This is a quick overview of ecosystems
What are an ecosystem's two primary components?
An ecosystem's structure can be broken down into two primary parts, namely: Biotic Components. Abiotic Elements. In an ecosystem, the biotic or abiotic elements are interconnected. It is an excellent platform in which components and energy can move freely across barriers.
What makes up an ecosystem and what are its purposes?
Both organization and functions are present. The structure and species diversity are connected. The variety of the species found within a space increases with the complexity of the structure. Ecosystem functions are associated with the movement of materials and energy through its structural elements.
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I need help asap keep words under 250
For this assignment, you will be writing an abstract of a scientific paper. (25 points)
An abstract is a short, concise summary of a scientific study or literature review.
Be sure you summarize each section of the research paper in your abstract.
Keep your abstract under 250 words
Be concise!
Answers
Title: Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Stress and Anxiety in College Students: A Meta-Analysis
How to write the Abstract:Background: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been increasingly used to address stress and anxiety in college students. However, the effectiveness of these interventions remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of MBIs on stress and anxiety in college students.
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted, and a total of 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A random-effects model was used to estimate the effect sizes of MBIs on stress and anxiety.
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Composite volcanoes erupt very ____ spewing out pyroclastic material.
Answers
(Spewing out rocks,dust,gas, or other volcanic matter6
1
Water Hyacinth is an invasive species that humans have introduced to many parts of the world. It is a plant that fouts on water and
forms groups. It can grow very fast. Over time, water hyscinth can cover the surfaces of ponde, lakes, and rivers,
What will happen to a pond where weter hyacinth plants grow and spread?
The water flow in the pond will increase, which can cause new plant species to grow
B. The amount of water in the pond will increas, which can cause new plant species to grow
C. The sunlight reaching underwater plant species will decreases, which can cause the plants to do
D. The temperature of the water will decrease, which can cause other plant species to die
Roset
Next Question
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
This is the probably the most logical and correct answer. As the water hyacinth cover the surface of the water, the aquatic plants in the water will not have enough light for photosynthesis.
Choose the five senses of the body:
seeing
tasting
touching
moving
thinking
hearing
sensing
smelling
Answers
Answer:
Touching, smelling, tasting, seeing,hearing
Nitrogen cannot be used by plants or animals in its gaseous form. Place the steps of the nitrogen cycle in order to show how nitrogen becomes usable to plants and animals.
Answers
Explanation:
I don't know the answer, but someone already answer it the question are similar you can check for your self
What is the surface of the Earth called?
Crust
Mantel
Inner core
Outer core
Answers
Answer:
crust
Explanation:
why is this technique Punnett squares used to calculate the probability of genotypes and phenotypes of one child. In other words, why is it inappropriate to say "Two out of four of their children will have brown hair?
I don’t understand this help meeee
Answers
Answer:
A Punnett square allows the prediction of the percentages of phenotypes in the offspring of a cross from known genotypes. A Punnett square can be used to determine a missing genotype based on the other genotypes involved in a cross. It is inappropriate to say "Two out of four of their children will have brown hair because the genes could are not always going to give you what you think you are going to get. Using punnett squares just predicts the outcome, but doesn't necessarily know 100%
Explanation:
i begging you please help me
Theme . Anatomical and functional features of
TMJ at children depending of age. Clinical examination of patient with TMJ pathology, classification of diseases. Diseases of TMJ in children, clinical symptoms of acute and chronic diseases. Differential diagnostics, principles of treatment, prevention of diseases.
1. The clinical signs of MPD are following except:
A. teeth frequently have wear facets
B. daytime clenching or nocturnal bruxism.
C. range of mandibular movement may be decreased.
D. diffuse, poorly localized, preauricular pain..
E. crepitus, located directly over the TMG.
2. Radiographic appearance of DJD:
A. decreased joint space, surface erosions, osteophytes, and flattening of the condylar head.
B. radiographs of the tmjs are usually normal.
C. MRI images usually demonstrate anterior displacement of the disk.
D. erosive changes in the anterior and posterior aspects of the condylar heads.
E. irregular articular surfaces of the condyle and fossa, with varying degrees of calcified connection between these articulating surfaces.
3. Synovial fluid is a:
A. liquid of lymphatic systems
B. serous exudate from articular cavitas.
C. oral liquid which mixed blood lubricant.
D. filtrate of plasma that passes through fenestrations in the subendothelial capillaries.
E. secret of epithelial lining which covered articular surfaces.
4. Click occurring during the opening movement. It’s sign of:
A. disk displacement disorders.
B. mpd.
C. djd.
D. ankylosis.
E. acute infectious arthritis.
5. When the mandibular condyle translates anteriorly in front of the articular eminence and dislocations can’t be reduced may be necessary:
A. limitation of motion.
B. anesthesia of the auricular temporal nerve and the muscles of mastication.
C. using of stronger analgesics.
D. emg biofeedback and relaxation training, ultrasound, spray and stretch, and pressure massage.
E. occlusal splints.
6. Tricyclic antidepressants are administered in patient with:
A. systemic arthritic conditions.
B. acute arthritis.
C. anterior disk displacement without reduction.
D. degenerative joint disease.
E. mpd causing bruxism
7. The articular disc receives nutrition from:
A. intercellular space.
B. true vessels.
C. vessels of fibrous cartilage.
D. sinovial fluid. E. oral liquid.
8. By MPD the pain is a result of:
A. damage of articular disk
B. increased pressure in joint space.
C. abnormal muscular function or hyperactivity.
D. accumulate exudate in joint space.
E. articular surface flattening, erosions.
9. The pain syndrome in infectious arthritis of TMJ is result of:
A. increased pressure in joint space.
B. abnormal muscular function or hyperactivity.
C. damage of articular disk.
D. accumulate exudate in joint space.
E. articular surface flattening, erosions.
10. Etiologic factors suggested as contributing to the development of TMD are following except:
A. trauma.
B. immaturity of connective tissue structures.
C. occlusal factors.
D. parafunctional habits. E. posture.
11. Malocclusion associated with TMD is following:
A. all of above listed.
B. skeletal anterior open bite.
C. overjet greater than 6 to 7 mm.
D. retrocuspal position (centric relation) to intercuspal position (centric occlusion) slides greater than 4 mm.
E. unilateral lingual cross bite.
12. The muscles should be palpated for the presence of following features except:
A.spasm.
B. tenderness.
C. fasciculations.
D. fiber disruption
E. trigger points.
13. Normal range of movement of an adult's mandible is about:
A. 45 mm vertically (i.e., interincisally) and 10 mm protrusively and laterally.
B. 35 mm vertically (i.e., interincisally) and 15 mm protrusively and laterally.
C. 25 mm vertically (i.e.,
interincisally) and 10 mm protrusively and laterally.
D. 15 mm vertically (i.e., interincisally) and 15 mm protrusively and laterally.
E. 55 mm vertically (i.e., interincisally) and 20 mm protrusively and laterally.
Answers
Explanation:
I have provided the answers to the questions based on the given text below:
1. E. crepitus, located directly over the TMG.
2. A. decreased joint space, surface erosions, osteophytes, and flattening of the condylar head.
3. B. serous exudate from articular cavitas.
4. A. disk displacement disorders.
5. E. occlusal splints.
6. E. mpd causing bruxism
7. C. vessels of fibrous cartilage.
8. C. abnormal muscular function or hyperactivity.
9. D. accumulate exudate in joint space.
10. B. immaturity of connective tissue structures.
11. A. all of above listed.
12. D. fiber disruption. 13. A. 45 mm vertically (i.e., interincisally) and 10 mm protrusively and laterally.
Which statement would be MOST important to include in a summary of the article?
A
Models are used to represent objects and events in the real world.
B
Maps can be created on paper as well as digitally in people's phones.
C
Scales on maps use measurements in miles or kilometers.
D
Microscopes use lenses that bend light to make objects appear larger.
Answers
Answer:
D.) Microscopes use lenses that bend light to make objects appear larger.
Explanation:
I believe this is correct because it gives more detail in its sentence providing more information on a subject.
Explain how seasons are similar and different on your Uranus as compared to the Earth.
Answers
Answer:
Uranus, like Earth, has four seasons. ... For starters, the length of Uranus' seasons are different from ours. It takes Earth 365 days to orbit around the sun, but it takes Uranus 84 Earth-years, more or less. So Uranus' year is 84 Earth-years along, and each season on Uranus lasts 21 earthly years.
During the filtration process of urine, the glomerulus filters water and other dissolved substances from
A)
bile
B)
blood
C)
semen
D)
water
Answers
Answer: Blood
Explanation: This is the actual answer for USATestprep i already checked the answer it isnt bile
what modals are not scale
Answers
Both "must not" and "does not require" are modal verbs. for instance, capacity, necessity, dereliction of duty, and prohibition." Observes that the drawing is not accurate and is not scaled.
Why isn't need a modal?Need qualifies as a semi-modal word because it resembles a modal verb in some ways and a primary verb in others. When indicating that there's no responsibility or necessity to perform something, we most often use the negative version of need: You don't have to remove your shoes.
What's a good example of failing to scale?Your sheet of paper ought to be 324 meters in length if anybody asked us to draw the Eiffel Tower accurately. Painting not to scale entails making an assumption—for example, that 1 cm is equal to 100 m—and taking it into account while producing the image.
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The correct question is
What are not modal verbs?
An 81-year-old woman with RA) has been controlled with methotrexate for 18 years. Recently she experienced increased joint pain and swelling in her right knee that have affected her mobility and activity level. She walks with a cane in the community but uses a walker at home. Earlier in the week, she almost fell while walking to her car after she left the bank. The rheumatologist plans to add etanercept (Enbrel) to her drug regimen.
With what members of the health care team might you collaborate as part of her plan of care?
Answers
Answer:
It is imperative to include immunologists and dermatologists to the care team.
Explanation:
Methotrexate is an antimetabolite drug that is used to treat different diseases including, arthritis rheumatoid and psoriasis, this medicament is known to reduce cell growth and to decrease the immune system responses. Moreover, etanercept (Enbrel) is a tumor necrosis factor-inhibitor drug that also is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. In addition, this drug has also been associated with the functioning of the immune system by altering inflammation responses in the body.
In consequence, it is necessary to include in the health care team both immunologists, in order to study the effect of these drugs on the immune system (like inflammatory responses, for example), and dermatologists in order to examine their effects on skin associated-conditions (like arthritis-like psoriasis).
Which of the following does not yield wool ? (a) yak (b) camel (c) goat (d) woolly dog
Answers
Explanation:Why is option A (yak) not correct?
The Himalayan region is home to the yak, a type of cattle. They have a reputation for having long, shaggy hair, which is used to create many different textiles, including wool. Yak wool is popular because it is soft, warm, and long-lasting and is frequently used to manufacture clothes and blankets.
Why is option B (camel) not correct?Camels are widely known for their capacity to survive in difficult desert situations, and their wool is a valuable resource in many parts of the world. Clothing, rugs, and other textiles are frequently made from camel wool because it is cosy and soft.
Why is option C (goat) not correct?Goats are another typical source of wool, especially in warmer locations where other types of wool are less common. Depending on the breed of goat and the quality of the wool, the term "mohair" or "cashmere" is frequently used to describe the wool from goats. Cashmere is appreciated for its warmth and luxurious feel, while mohair is renowned for its softness, sheen, and insulating qualities.
Why is Option D (woolly dog) correct?Despite the fact that there are numerous dog breeds with long, shaggy hair, none of them actually produce true wool. Dog hair is not often used to produce textiles since it is formed of a different kind of fibre than wool. Although some dog hair can be spun into yarn and used for crafts, it is not regarded as a true wool and is not widely utilised for the manufacturing of textiles.
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1. What is an ideal gas?
Answers
Answer: An ideal gas is a gas that conforms to the ideal gas law, which is a relation between pressure, volume, and temperature. it is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles that are not subject to interparticle interaction. :)
Explanation:
Any muscle helping the main muscle accomplish its action
Answers
A barista is asked to make a customer an iced tea. They pour a cup of cold
water, add ice cubes and a teabag. Fifteen minutes later the brew is not yet
ready, and the customer is getting annoyed. They fetch their boss who tells
them that iced tea is made by adding the teabag to hot water first and then
cooling it down. Why is this?
Answers
One must use hot water because the temperature allows to extract the flavour in a more efficient way.
Why we must use hot water?The process of making iced tea by adding the teabag to hot water first and then cooling it down is a common practice for several reasons:
Extraction of Flavor: Hot water helps to extract the flavor compounds from the tea leaves more efficiently. When tea is steeped in hot water, the heat causes the compounds responsible for flavor and aroma to dissolve into the water more readily, resulting in a stronger and more flavorful brew.
Infusion of Tea Leaves: The hot water allows the tea leaves to fully infuse and release their flavors, oils, and other components into the water. This process contributes to a more robust and well-rounded taste profile.
Dilution and Consistency: When iced tea is made with hot water first, it is usually brewed to be slightly stronger than desired. This is because the ice added later will dilute the brew to the desired strength. By initially brewing the tea with hot water, the dilution caused by adding ice cubes ensures that the final drink is not weak or watery.
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In humans, free-ear lobes are dominant to attached lobes. Two parents that are both heterozygous free are excepting a child. Show the probabilities for this cross
P:
Genotypic ratio:
Phenotypic ratio:
Answers
Answer: Phenotypic Ratio is 3:1 and genotypic ratio is 1:2:1
Explanation:
Since free lobes are dominant, let's represent that as F, and since attached earlobes are recessive, let's demonstrate that as f.
So, if the parents are heterozygous (have both alleles F & f), then the cross will be Ff x Ff. When you do the punnett square for that the four possible genotypes will be FF, Ff, Ff, and ff.
Phenotype: the physical appearance of an organism.
Genotype: the genetic makeup of am organism (results of punnet square)
So, since dominant always presides over recessive and three of our punnet square have capital F as the first letter (dominant), then those three will show the dominant trait, which is free ear lobes. And the one individual with ff will show the recessive trait (attached ear lobes). So the phenotype ratio is 3:1.
Are crocodiles amphibians or reptiles?
Answers
Answer:
crocodile are reptiles
Explanation:
hope it helps
Answer:
reptiles
Explanation:
During winter vacation, you learn that a polar jet stream is traveling across the United States. The forecaster says there will be big changes in the
weather as the jet stream moves past your town in Florida
What causes wind? Choose the two that apply.
<
A
uneven heating of Earth's surface
B В
warm air sinking while cold air rises
C
air movement from high to low pressure
D
air movement from low to high pressure
Answers
Explanation:
uneven heating of Earth's surface. warm air sinking while cold air rises
Which seatement correcsy describes celular respiration?
O
Carbon dioxide plus sugar makes oxygen energy and water
O Carbon dioxide plus water makes oxygen sugar and energy
O Ceygen plus sugar makes carbon diocide energy, and water
O Ceygen plus water makes carbon diocide, sugar and energy
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:Durante la respiración celular, una molécula de glucosa se degrada poco a poco en dióxido de carbono y agua. Al mismo tiempo, se produce directamente un poco de ATP en las reacciones que transforman a la glucosa. No obstante, más tarde se produce mucho más ATP en un proceso llamado fosforilación oxidativa.Las células procariotas llevan a cabo la respiración celular dentro del citoplasma o en las superficies internas de las células. Aquí se hará mayor hincapié en las células eucariotas, en donde las mitocondrias, son el lugar donde se produce la mayoría de las reacciones.
Se produce en la mitocondria. La respiración celular, como componente del metabolismo, es un proceso catabólico, en el cual la energía contenida en los sustratos usados como combustible es liberada de manera controlada.
What are the components of both hydraulic and pneumatic fluid systems?
Answers
Answer:
Hydraulic and Pneumatic Fluid Power Parts and Systems Bearing Service is a stocking distributor for a full line of hydraulic and pneumatic components such as pumps, motors, valves, cylinders, actuators, transfer pumps, filters, regulators, lubricators, air dryers, and filtration units.
Explanation: